ceramah sains 08

TARGET A

SCIENCE UPSR Presented by

Rujhan bin Zakaria

http://www.pdfcomplete.com/cms/hppl/tabid/108/Default.aspx?r=q8b3uige22

For Things To Change ,I MUST FIRST CHANGE


STUDENTS THAT ARE EXCELLENT ....Ready to learn and learn more

Learn and correct ourselves from previous mistakesAlways find other ways and alternatives

Always be thankful to the teachersTake into account all the advises

Be an optimistReady to work hard

Be cooperative with other friendsDo more exercise , less talkDoing the revision at home

Think positive Manage the time

Know and being alert of self weaknessesStrive for success


STUDENTS WHO FAILS….

Always lazy and no inniative,Doing the same mistakes again and again ,

Always giving reasons ,Always pointing the teachers for mistakes ,Do not bother with other people advices ,

Always being a pessimists,Only want something that is easy ,Always finding friend’s mistakes ,

Too much talking , no revising ,Always saying ,”Too much to do ! “ ,Always have the negative thoughts ,

Doing works because we have to,Always wasting time,

Pointing to other people faultsFailure to be expected .


THE SCIENCE UPSR FORMAT 2008

BILLINGUAL

1. MALAY2. ENGLISH


THE SCIENCE UPSR FORMAT 2008

SECTION QUESTIONSTRUCTURE

NUMBER OF

QUESTIONS

MARKS PERCENTAGE

A OBJECTIVE1. MULTIPLE

CHOICE30

B SUBJECTIVE4-5

TOTALMARKS 100%

30 60

20 40

50


SECTION QUESTION STRUCTURE

NUMBER OF QUESTIONS

TIME TO ANSWER

A MULTIPLE CHOICEQUESTIONS 30 30 Minutes

B SUBJECTIVE4-5 40Minutes

Checking the answers

5 minutes

TIME MANEGEMENT TO ANSWER QUESTIONS


1. READ A LOT- ORGANISE AND COMPLETE THE INFORMATION AND FACTS.

2. A LOT OF EXERCISES - OBSERVED –ENHANCE COMPETENCE AND PERFORMANCE.

3. VARIOUS SOURCES OF EXERCISES,CONTINOUS AND OBSERVED

4. NEED TO MEMORISE

5. PREPARE SHORT NOTES

HOW TO EXCEL?


CANDIDATE WEAKNESSES

1. NOT ANSWERING ALL THE QUESTIONS IN SECTION B

2. MEANINGLESS ANSWERS

3. THE FACTS ARE CORRECT BUT IRRELEVANT

4. NOT A COMPLETE ANSWER

5. JUST COPYING THE QUESTIONS

WHY THE PUPILS FAIL TO EXCEL?


HOW TO GET ‘A’

PART A


Get at least 26 / 30 marks.


Prepare a MIND MAP.Characteristics

of light

In a straight

lineRefract

ReflectDeflect


PhonemicStyle

Colour of rainbows :

Rose Of You Give By In Person

ABOR :

Acid Blue To Red

Name of the Planets

My Very Excellent Mother Just Serve

Us Nine Planets


ARRANGEMENT OF PLANETSName of the Planets

My Very Excellent Mother Just Serve Us Nine Puddings


Identify the KEY WORDS


Underline or Circle the KEY WORDS in every question .

Example :Million of grasshoppers attack the people in a small island . The events below shows the effects of the attack.

Which of the below shows the correct sequence of events ?

A R , T , U , S

B S , U , T , R

C T , R , U , S

D U , T , S , R

R - Shortage of food to humans

S - All plants died

T - The carnivores died

U - Omnivores died


Crossing the errorEXAMPLE :J - Boiling

K - Evaporation

L - Condensation

M - SteamThe information above shows the process in the changes of materials .

Which of the below shows the changes from liquid to gas ?

A J and L

B J , K and M

C K , L and M

D J , K , L and M


Understand simple experiment / easy forevery topic to be delivered .

More faster pedal ,more faster to arrive.


• Stimulus on water


• Stimulus on sunlight


• The repelling of magnets


• The FORMATION OF SHADOWS.


• EXPANSION OF MATERIALS


Light Travels In A Straight Line


Phases of the MOON


• Moon rotates and moves around the Earth .


• Reflection of LIGHT


HOW TO GET‘A’SECTION B

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS


How to MASTER Part / Section B? Yes !

I got the idea.


CAREFULLY READ EACH INSTRUCTION AND

EXPLANATION.


KEY WORDS FROM QUESTIONESPECIALLY VARIABLES

Obtained from where ?StatementsDiagramsTablesGraphsOther information given .


BEGIN ANSWERING QUESTIONS :

• Observation + Inferences• Hypothesis• Variable• Pattern / Trends• Prediction• Other stimulus with the same

skills.


QUESTION FORMATSECTION A


MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS1. What are the breathing organs of a

frog ?

A Skin and gill

B Skin and lungs

C Gill and breathing pores

D Lungs and breathing pores


2. Diagram 1 above shows parts of the apparatus used by a group of students to show that plants breathe .Among the steps below , which one that the students do not have to do ?A Heat the waterB Record the temperature of the waterC Use a newly pluck leafD Immerse the leaf into a beaker of warm waters

Diagram 1


3. The activity done by the factor y will cause ……………………………………………………A air pollutionB water pollutionC water and air pollutionD water , air and sound pollution

Rajah 3


• 4. Which of the statement below is best• to show about the rainbow ?•• A Rainbown form in the morning • B Droplets of water causes • the formation of rainbow• C The rain changes• sunlight into rainbow • D Rain in the morning• causes the formation of rainbow.


Time Temperature / ºC

05

10152025

294456688090

5. Table 1 shows the temper ature of water recorded every 5 minutes. W hat is the time taken for the water to boil ?

A 20 minutes B 25 minutes

C 32 minutes D 42 minutes

Table 1


6. A glass container with ice water is placed on a table for one hour . The volume of the water decreases .State the process happening ?I Melting III CondensationII Evaporation IV Steam

A I and II B III and IV C I, II and III D II, III and IV


7. Which of the situation below that stop the grasshopper from breathing?

I All the water sink in water II Only the head sink in the waterIII Only the body sink in the w ater

A II onlyB I and II C I and III D I, II and III


X - Soak the leaves in the beaker with war m water

Y - Observe using a magnifying glass

Z - Pluck a new leaf

8. X, Y and Z are steps in a fair test to investigate that pants breathe . Which of the below is the correct sequence ?

A Y Z X

B Y X Z

C Z X Y

D Z Y X


9. The distance between the Earth and the Sun is 150 000 000 km. What will happen if the distance become 1700 000 000 km?I All living things will be destroyed.II The Earth will be cooler .III The day will be more brighter.

A II only C I and III B I and II D II and III


• Time Temperature• (min) ( ºC )• 11 50• 16 60 • 21 70• 26 80• 35 100 • TABLE 2• 10. Table 2 shows the temperature of boiling water . Predict the

temperature at the 40th. minutes .• I The water boils• II The temperature rises to 110° C• III The temperatues changes quickly • A I only B I and II • C II and III D I, 11 and III


Way in answeringScience UPSR

Section B


Science Process Skills• OBSERVATION• INFERENCE• CONTROLLING VARIABLES : -

* What to change* What to observe / measure* What to keep the same

• Hypothesis • INTERPRETING DATA :-

* Trend of change * Relationship* What is the evident about ………..* Reason*Conclusion

• PREDICTING• APLICATION QUESTIONS


OBSERVATIONUSING THE FIVE SENSES .

1. WHAT IS HEARD2. WHAT IS FELT3. WHAT IS SMELL4. WHAT IS TOUCHED5. WHAT IS SEEN


State the observation above ?

• Night time Day time


Pot QPot PThe fishes in Pot P is smaller than the fishes in Pot Q.


OBSERVATION


What is your OBSERVATION ?


Lets jump lets jump oh Mr. Frog lets jumpLets jump lets jump oh Mr. Frog lets jumpJumping round and round into the pondJumping round and round into the pondSwimming around having all the funSwimming around having all the funSinging out your heart with joySinging out your heart with joy


Q1. From your observation, Q1. From your observation, why do you think the frogs are happy?why do you think the frogs are happy?


1.1.There are no enemiesThere are no enemies2. The water not contaminated 3. There are a lot of foods


EARLY CONCLUSION BASED ON OBSERVATION.

OBSERVATION = WHAT HAPPEN /

OBSERVATION + REASON

CONNECTING THE OBSERVATION WITH THE REASON

THE REASON HAVE TO BE LOGICAL

INFERENCE


In short , Inference is :-•Explanation on observation orthe reason why it happens

Steps to answer on INFERENCES :-1. Observe carefully 2. State why it happens

It can be answered as follows :-1 :- Observation and the reason 2 : With reason and stating which observation is writtern as inference if there are more than one observation .


GUIDES IN ANSWERINGQuestion :- Write an inference for

your observation in Diagram 1 .How to answer :-1. State your obser vation :-

The window glass broken2. Give a logic reason :-

Because a boy catapult the window

The complete answer :-1. The window glass broken because

the boy catapult it . ( OBSERVATION + REASON ) OR

2. Because the boy cata pult it . ( REASON ONLY)

Rajah 1


INFERENCE


Pot QPot PFood BreedReared

earlier

1. State 2 inferences on the different in sizes of fishes in Pot P and Pot Q


Colder temperature

Do not like sunlight

Lots of enemy

Hot temperatureLess enemy

Active at night


2. CONTROLLING VARIABLES:-Naming the :

i . Things to be changed (WTC)ii. Things to be observe ( WTO)

iii. Things to be kept the same (WTS)The things to be observed is the result of the things that to be changed. At the same time , the things to be kept the same are kept constant or the same .

Reminder! Every variables have to state :-Measurement / characteristic

Weight + Materials Example :-Measurement / characteristic

Weight + Materials = ballExample on variables = Weight of ball


WHAT TO KEEP THE SAME VARIABLEFIX / SAME / DOES NOT EFFECT THE FAIR TEST

WHAT TO CHANGE VARIABLETHINGS THAT CHANGES / THINGS THAT AFFECT THE FAIR TEST

WHAT TO OBSERVE / MEASURE VARIABLE

RESULT OF THE FAIR TEST / INVESTIGATION

VARIABLES


Exercise 1 :-

Measurement / characteristics

Things/ Matter

Length pillarTemperature Water

Size TinTypes

Shape

Time Ice meltsContainer

Surface


MEASUREMENT/CHARACTERISTICS MATERIALS

CONTAINER

NUMBERSTYPESSHAPETEMPERATURESURFACE AREACOLOURTHICKNESSVOLUME

SIZE

State the measurement for the materials below .


Example :-

Container A

ContainerB

Container C

Candle 3 container of different sizes A , B , and C capsizes at the same time on three candles of the same size . What can be observed after that ?Which candle will light up longer ? Candle in container C .


Example :-

Container A

ContainerB

Container C

Candle 3 container of different sizes A , B , and C capsizes at the same time on three candles of the same size . What can be observed after that ?What is the measurement used to state long and fast the candle light up ? Time the candle light up .


Example :-

Container A

ContainerB

Container C

Candle 3 container of different sizes A , B , and C capsizes at the same time on three candles of the same size . It shows that the candle in container A What can be observed after that the candle in container A put out faster that the other candles .a) WTC : b) WTO

c) WTS: Size of containers Time candle put out/off

Types of candle // size of candles // same place


VARIABLES


Exercises on Variables :-

WTC :-

1.

2.

Container A Container B Container C

Tin J Tin K Tin LWTC :- Colours of tins

Size // Volume // Height


3.

WTC :-

Rope Q

4.

Vinegar Oil Water

WTC :

Rope SRope R

Thickness of the rope

Types of liquid


5.

Box A Box B Box C WTC :-

6.

Magnet X Magnet Y Magnet Z

WTC :

Height of box

Shapes of magnet


7.Thermometer

50 0 C 70 0 C 60 0 C

350 ml of oil

350 ml of oil

WTC :-

8.

Ball 20 g Ball 40 gBall 30 g

WTC :

Temperatures of oil

Mass of balls


9.

Steel container Glass Container

Plastic container

WTC :-

10.1980 20001990

WTC :-

Types of beakers

Years


Examples :- Thermometer100 0 C 100 0 C 100 0 C

Container P Container RContainer Q

800 ml water 800 ml

water

800 ml water

The Diagram above shows the apparatus set up for a fair test / investigation. All three containers are at the place and time for 2 hours .


Examples :- Thermometer100 0 C 100 0 C 100 0 C

Bekas P Bekas R Bekas Q

800 ml water 800 ml

water

800 ml water

a) State the variables involved :-i) WTC :ii) WTO :

iii) WTS :

Surface area of containersTemperature / Volume of water left

Volume of water at first // Types of containers// First temperature // The colour of container .


Identifying VariablesIdentifying Variables

Variable can be known through the Variable can be known through the information shown below:information shown below:

1. 1. X Axis X Axis -- ( Horizontal) : WTC( Horizontal) : WTC

Y Axis Y Axis -- ( Vertical ) : WTO( Vertical ) : WTO

2.2. Column and Row in a Table .Column and Row in a Table .


Example of Graf Example of Graf

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33

TemperatureTime

Time

Temperature


Example: The row table

Time(minutes)

3 6 9 12

Temperature( ° C )

28 32 36 40

First Row : WTCFirst Row : WTC

Second Row : WTOSecond Row : WTO


Examples: Vertical Table

Weight of fertilizer

( gram)

Height of Tree( cm )

5 3.0

10 3.5

15 4.0

20 4.5

WTCWTC

WTOWTO


Ball Left Off

Height left off ( cm )

Height of Bounce( cm )

150 60

120 50

90 38

60 24

30 8


Hypothesis : -Making a general statement about the relationship between a manipulated variable and a responding variable to explain an observation or event . The statement can be tested to determine its validity ..

Steps in answering Hypothesis : -

3. Use the links below to make the hypothesis :-* more wtc more wto * nearer wtc bigger/smaller wto* any other accepta ble answer

2. Identify What to Observe / Measure (WTO)

1. Identify What to Change ( WTC )


Example on Hypothesis : -

The same kind of fishes are placed in container R and S .After a week , the average weight of the fishes are recorded .

2 liter ofwater

2 liter ofwater

Container R Container S


Examples on Hypothesis : -

a) State two variables in the investigation above .

2 liter air2 liter air


WTC : WTO:

Number of fish .Average weight of fish.


Guide in answering the Hypothesis question :-

1.WTC : Number of fish2.WTO : Average weight of fish3.The relation of WTC and WTO.

Example of answer :-*More fish less average weight of

fish .*Less fish more average weight offish.


INTERPRETING :-Giving rational explanations a bout an object , event or pattern derived from collected data . The data collected ar e in various formlike tables , drawings ,graphs .

Example questions :-1. What can be stated about 2. State the relation between the two

variables ?3. State the changes in pattern / trend …?4. Write the aim of the fair test /

investigation ..5. Write a conclusion from the

information.


Example on Inter preting Data :-

900 ml water

900 ml water

900 ml water

Black Tin Blue TinWhite Tin

Diagram 3 shows an investigation done on three different coloured Tins with the same volume of water. All the tins are placed under the sunlight . T he volume of water is recorded after 10 minutes as shown in Table 2 .


TinVolume of water / ml

0 minutes

10 minutes

20 minutes

30 minutes

40 minutes

Black 900 880 840 780 700White 900 895 890 885 880Blue 900 890 870 840 800

Examples of Interpreting Data :-

a) Two information :- ( WTC and WTO )Answer :-WTC :Colour of tin WTO : volume of water.


EXAMPLES ON INTERPRETING DATA :-

b) What is the relation between the colour and the volume of water in the tin . Answer :-

• More darker colour less volume of water Iin the tin .

• Less darker colour more volume of water.

TinVolume of water / ml

0 minutes

10 minutes

20 minutes

30 minutes

40 minutes

Black 900 880 840 780 700White 900 895 890 885 880Blue 900 890 870 840 800


Changes of Pattern / Trend of reading . 1.

20 , 40 , 60 , 80 , 100Answer:2.

200 , 150 , 100 , 50 , 0Answer :

3. 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 , 100Answer :

Increase //more

Decrease // Less

C onstant // Level // fix


Try stating the trend of change below .

20 , 23 , 20, 23 , 20 , 23

Answer :

2. 10 , 20 , 30 , 30 , 20 , 20 , 30 , 40 , 30 , 20 .

Answer :

1.

Increase , decrease and increase .

Increase, constant, decr ease and increase .


PREDICTION :-Making a forecast about what will

happen in the future based on prior knowledge gained through experience and collected data .

Guided answer :-

i) Form numbers if the data are in numbers –can be read based on the changes in reading .

ii) Form words if the information are in words / diagrams / pictures that cannot be read or counted in number s .


Container P Q R

Time water boils/ minutes 55 45 35

Container P

Container Q

Container R

3. Predict the time taken fro the water to boil using six candles ?

15 minutes


DIAGRAM 5

Layer of oil

Tadpole


P Q


AIM OF INVESTIGATION / FAIR TEST

1. STATING THE OBJECTIVE OR AIM THE FAIR TEST OR INVESTIGATION IS DONE .

2. THERE ARE STATEMENTS , INVESTIGATION , FAIR TEST , OR IDENTIFYING .

3. STATEMENTS SHOWIN RELATION , CAUSE AND EFFECTS .

4. RELATING BETWEEN TWO VARIABLES .

EXAMPLE:a) TO SHOW THE RELATION BETWEEN WTC AND WTO .b) TO SHOW THE EFFECTS OF WTC ON WTO .


3. What is the aim of the fair test below ?

Types of surfaces J K LTime taken by the toy car for the

distance traveled of 3 meter (in seconds )

10 13 9

To show the relationship between the types of surface and the distances traveled by the toy car after 3 meter .


RQP

Muddysoil

Mixture of sand and muddy soil.

Sandysoil.

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in an investigation .The same amount of water is poured on the muddy soil , the misxture of muddy soil and sandy soil .The volume of water collected is then recorded ..1. Write the purpose or aim of the investigation .

To show the relationship between types of soil and the volume of water collected .


6. APPLICATION QUESTIONS :-Using the result of a fair test and investigation to solve problem in the daily lives .


Examples of APPLICATION:-Thermometer Cardboar

d

Black Tin Red Tin Yellow TinWhite Tin

Diagram 4 shows 4 tins of different colours placed under the sun . T he beginning temperature of all the tins is 30 º C .The temperature is recorded after 15 minutes .

Diagram 4


Example on APPLICATION :-

Thermometer Cardboard

Black Tin Red Tin Yellow TinWhite tin

Tin Temperature in tins after 15 mins. / 0 C BlackWhiteYellow

Red

35303233


Examples on APPLICATION :-

a) Based on the informaton above , why is the school uniform is white in colour ?Answer :-To avoid from getting warm //Light in colour absorb less heat .

Tin Temperature in tins after 15 mins. / 0 C Black 35White 30Yellow 32

Red 33


UPSR SCIENCE

SECTION B

EXAMPLE QUESTIONS


Jenis permukaan yang dikaji

Jarak 3 meter

Bricks

runaway

Types of surfaces

Types of surfaces J K LTime taken for the toy car to travel the distance of 3 meter

(seconds)

10 13 9


Types of surfaces

1. State 2 variables in the fair test / investigation below .

Time taken for the toy cat to travel the distance of 3 meter.


(seconds)

10 13 9


Types of surfaces

2.State 2 variables to be kept the same .

Height of runaway


(seconds)

10 13 9



Jarak 3 meter

3. What is the purpose / aim of the investigation / fair test below ?

Types of surfaces J K LTime taken for the toy car to travel the distance of 3 meter. 10 13 9

To show the relationship between the types of surface and the distances traveled by the toy car after 3 meter.



Jarak 3 meter

4. Based on your observation from the table below , which surface has the highest friction ?

Types of surfaces J K LTime taken for the toy car to travel the distance of 3 meter. 10 13 9

Guide : Surface with high friction decrease the speed of car .

Answer : Surface K



Jarak 3 meter

4. Which type of surface causes more accidents ?

Types of surfaces J K LTime taken for the toy car to travel

the distance of 3 meter. 10 13 9

Guide : Accidents are caused by surfaces that are smooth .

Answer : Surface L


Beakers P Q R


Beaker P

Beaker QBeaker R

1. What is the relation between the 2 variable s ?

The Diagram below shows an investigation on the effect of temperature on time of water boils for the three beakers P,Q dan R

More heat the faster the water boils .


Beakers P Q R


Beaker P

Beaker Q Beaker R

2. What is the trend for the water to boil if less candles is used ?

Increase and constant


Beakers P Q R


Beaker P

Beaker QBeakers R

3. Predict the time for the water to boil using 6 candles ?

15 minutes


Time Temperature of animal Y

Temperature of animal Z

7 a.m 28 289 a.m 27 3011 a.m 28 331 p.m 27 373 p.m 28 335 p.m 27 30

Write an inference to explain the differences of temperatures for animal Y and animal Z .


The temperature in the barn of animal Y decreases because …

* Not moving* Resting* The barn has a roof

The temperature in the barn of animal Z increases because …..

* A lot of movement

* The barn has no roof

* The number of animal is less

* More number of animals


1. Identify two variables in this investigation / fair test .

Time

2. Predict the temperature of barn Z at 6 p.m. 28

Temperature of the barn

Time Temperature of barn animal Y

Temperature of barn animal Z

7 a.m 28 28

9 a.m 27 3011 a.m 28 331 p.m 27 373 p.m 28 335 p.m 27 30


RQP

Cotton Muddy

soil

Mixture of mud and sand

Sandy soil

The diagram below shows the a pparatus used in an investigation .The same amount of water is poured on the muddy soil , the misxture of muddy soil and sandy soil .T he volume of water collected is then r ecorded ..

1. Write a purpose / an aim for this fair test .

To show the relationship between types of soil and volume of water recorded .

Water

Collected


RQP

Cotton Muddy

soil


Sandy soil

Water

Collected

1. State the variables in the fair test

Types of soil .

Volume of water collected .


RQP

Cotton Muddy

soil


Sandy soil

Water

Collected

1. Write a hypothesis based on the aim of the fair test.

More porous sand more water collected

Less porous sand less water collected .


MANUSIA ISTIMEWABersyukur kepada TuhanKita sebenarnyaMempunyai otakMenggunakan akal fikiranBerusaha meningkatkan ilmu pengetahuanCekal, tabah, gigih, berkemahiran.

Manusia lebih maju, istimewaMemajukan alamMenguasai hidupanMencipta alat dan kemudahan Menjaga alam sebaiknya


SAYONARA

RUM BE NAN DRE .


c


Diagram 1


DIAGRAM 2


DIAGRAM 3


DIAGRAM 4


TABLE 1

Length of string (cm)

Thickness of string(mm) Pitch

50 1 High

50 2 Medium

50 3 Low

WTOWTC


TABLE 2

Fair test Magnet’s size Distance of pin from magnet

1 10cm X 20cm 2 cm

2 10cm X 30 cm 3 cm

3 10 cm X 40 cm 4 cm

WTOWTC


TABLE 3

Volume of water (ml)

50 100 150 200

Temperature of water (c)

85 80 78 69


GRAF


VARIABLES

• What To Change (WTC)Its something that we change or alter when doing the fair test or investigation .It is also known as inference at times .

• What To Observe / Measure (WTO)It’s the end result of an activity / fair test or investigation . Known also as the result or a justification of an observation .


STATEMENT

Fisherman use salt to make the fish last longer .

Salt

Last longer

TWC

WTO


STATEMENT

The age factor play an important role in becoming a champion the bicycle race .

Age WTC

Champion WTO


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