CELLULAR RESPIRATION How Cells Release Energy Aerobic Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis 4. Electron...
Transcript of CELLULAR RESPIRATION How Cells Release Energy Aerobic Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis 4. Electron...
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
How Cells Release Energy
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Aerobic Cellular Respiration
1. Glycolysis
4. Electron Transport System
3. Krebs Cycle
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
1. Glycolysis
2. Fermentation
Cellular Respiration
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Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
2. Fermentation
1. Glycolysis
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1. Glycolysis(Sugar Splitting)
C6H12O6
Glucose
2 NAD+ 2 NADH
2 ATP2 ADP
Takes place in the cytoplasm of all cells
Pyruvate Pyruvate
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2. Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
Pyruvate
Alcohol CO2
2 NADH 2 NAD+
The Significance of fermentation is to regenerate NAD+ from NADH for its continuous role in glycolysis
+
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2. Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvate
2 NADH 2 NAD+
The Significance of fermentation is to regenerate NAD+ from NADH for its continuous role in glycolysis
Lactic acid
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Fermentation does NOT produce additional ATP
The Significance of fermentation is to regenerate NAD+ from NADH for its continuous role in glycolysis
During anaerobic cellular respiration only 2 ATP are produced from one initial glucose molecule
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Aerobic Cellular Respiration
1. Glycolysis
4. Electron Transport System
3. Krebs Cycle3. Krebs Cycle: Step a
3. Krebs Cycle: Step b
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1. Glycolysis(Sugar Splitting)
C6H12O6
Glucose
2 NAD+ 2 NADH
2 ATP2 ADP
Takes place in the cytoplasm of all cells
Pyruvate Pyruvate
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The output of Glycolysis is:
2 ATP2 NADH
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The 2 pyruvates produced by glycolysis in thecytoplasm are transported into the mitochondrion tocontinue aerobic cellular respiration in Krebs cycle
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1st pyruvate
1 CO2
Acetyl group
+CoACoA
Acetyl-CoA
3. Krebs Cycle Takes place in the mitochondrion
Step a
1 NADH
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2nd pyruvate
1 CO2
Acetyl group
+CoACoA
Acetyl-CoA
3. Krebs Cycle Takes place in the mitochondrion
Step a
1 NADH
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The output of Krebs Cycle step a is:
2 CO22 NADH
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3. Krebs Cycle
Step b 1st Acetyl-CoA
CoA
+
4-C- compound
6-C-Compound
2 CO2
1 ATP
3 NADH
1 FADH2
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3. Krebs Cycle
Step b 2nd Acetyl-CoA
CoA
+
4-C- compound
6-C-Compound
2 CO2
1 ATP
3 NADH
1 FADH2
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The output of Krebs Cycle step b is:
2 ATP4 CO2
6 NADH2 FADH2
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The output of Krebs Cycle
both steps is:2 ATP6 CO2
8 NADH2 FADH2
The output of Krebs Cycle
step b is:2 ATP4 CO2
6 NADH2 FADH2
The output of Krebs Cycle
step a is:2 CO2
2 NADH
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Summary of energy harvest
• GLYCOLYSIS• 2 ATP • 2 NADH
• Krebs Cycle:• 2 ATP• 6 CO2• 8 NADH• 2 FADH2
• 4 ATP can be used for cellular work
• 6 CO2 are released• Raw materials for
electron transport system:
• 10 NADH• 2 FADH2
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An Overview of the Electron Transport System
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The Electron Transport System
1. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to the first protein in the electron transport system (ETS).
2. Electrons pass from energy carrier to the next.
3. With each transfer, energy is released
4. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions into the outer compartment of the mitochondrion.
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5. Hydrogen ions build up in the outer compartment (higher concentration of H+ in the outer compartment than in the matrix).
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6. Hydrogen ions flow back across the membrane through an enzyme (ATP synthase) that synthesizes ATP
7. The last protein in the ETS finally passes electrons to oxygen along with hydrogen ions, generating water.
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The Electron Transport System
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Electron Transport System
Most of ATP is produced during ETS
ETS produces 32 ATP
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The Overall Equation of CR
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP + Heat