1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron...
Transcript of 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron...
![Page 1: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cellular RespirationMolecular Biology
![Page 2: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Cellular Respiration!Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid
![Page 3: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________
!Life is built on chemical reactions » transforming energy from one form to another
organic molecules → ATP & organic molecules
organic molecules → ATP & organic molecules
sun
solar energy → ATP & organic molecules
Energy Flow
![Page 5: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Glucose!Glucose
» product of photosynthesis » 6 carbon sugar molecule » main energy source for animals
Glucose
![Page 6: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Chemical Energy!Releasing energy from sugar requires an
initial input of energy. » activation energy » large biomolecules are stable » must absorb energy to break bonds
energycellulose CO2 + H2O + heat
![Page 7: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
!ATP is the energy source of cellular processes. ATP ↔ ADP.
_________________________________________________________________________________Adenosine Triphosphate
![Page 8: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Electron Carriers
!NAD+ and FAD2+ are high-energy electron carriers.
!NAD+ + H+ + e- = NADH
![Page 9: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Cellular Respiration!Cellular respiration is the process of
breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen to create ATP.
aerobic means requiring oxygen.anaerobic means without oxygen.
![Page 10: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Cellular Respiration
![Page 11: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Photosynthesis
![Page 12: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________MITOCHONDRION
Outer MembraneInner Membrane
Cristae
Matrix
![Page 13: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
!Breaking down glucose » glyco - lysis (splitting sugar) !!!
» ancient pathway which harvests energy • transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP • starting point for all cellular respiration
_________________________________________________________________________________Glycolysis
glucose → → → → → pyruvate2x6C 3C
![Page 14: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
_________________________________________________________________________________Glycolysis
!Glucose is split into 2 pyruvate molecules.
![Page 15: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Energy Investment
!Glycolysis requires 2 ATP molecules. !Results in 4 ATP molecules !» 4 ATP molecules (net gain of 2 ATP) !
» 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules !
» 2 electrons
![Page 16: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
!In the cytoplasm. !Quick !Does not require oxygen (anaerobic).
_________________________________________________________________________________Glycolysis
Glucose
Cytoplasm
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Krebs Cycle
Electrons carried in
NADH and FADH2 Electron
Transport Chain
Mitochondrion
Glycolysis
![Page 17: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Krebs Cycle
Aerobic Respiration… !Krebs cycle uses oxygen to release energy
from the pyruvic acid molecules.
![Page 18: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Kreb’s Cycle
Citric Acid Production
Kreb’s Cycle takes place in the mitochondrion.
![Page 19: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Glucose
Cytoplasm
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Krebs Cycle
Electrons carried in
NADH and FADH2 Electron
Transport Chain
Mitochondrion
Glycolysis
_________________________________________________________________________________Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle!Products of Kreb’s Cycle
» 2 ATP » CO2 » Lots of electrons
![Page 20: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Respiration and Exercise
!During exercise cells require more energy, so they produce more carbon dioxide.
!Carbon dioxide produces carbonic acid in water.
!Breathing removes thecarbon dioxide.
![Page 21: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Carbonic Acid
![Page 22: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Electron Transport Chain
!The electron transport chain uses the electrons from Krebs cycle to create 32 ATP molecules.
![Page 23: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Electron Transport Chain
Electron TransportHydrogen Ion Movement
ATP Production
ATP synthase
Channel
Inner Membrane
Matrix
Intermembrane Space
![Page 24: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________
![Page 25: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________From One Molecule of Sugar!Glycolysis nets 2 ATP molecules !Kreb’s cycle gives 2 ATP molecules !ETC produces 32 ATP molecules. !It only took 2 ATP to start cellular
respiration.
![Page 26: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Fermentation
Glycolysis Krebs cycle
Electron transport
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid
When oxygen is not present glycolysis is followed by fermentation.
![Page 27: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
pyruvate → ethanol + CO2 !
_________________________________________________________________________________Alcoholic Fermentation
!Dead end process » at ≈ 12% ethanol kills yeast » can’t reverse the reaction
NADH NAD+
3C 2C 1C
bacteria and yeast
![Page 28: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________Lactic Acid Fermentation
!Reversible process » When O2 becomes available lactate
is converted back to pyruvate by theliver.
animals and some fungi
pyruvate ⇆ lactic acid
NADH NAD+
3C 3C
![Page 29: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________FermentationAnaerobic respiration...
!Produces lactic acid or ethanol !Produces 2 ATP molecules. !Lactic acid is a product of fermentation, which
causes a painful burning sensation.
![Page 30: 1 Cellular Respiration - Weebly · !Cellular Respiration !Glycolysis !Krebs Cycle !Electron Transport Chain !Fermentation !Lactic Acid _____!Life is built on chemical reactions »](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec648e6a2aff10f2701e668/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
_________________________________________________________________________________