Cellular Communication Systems · PDF fileComplicated RF planning ... BSC/RNC . MSC/ UE ....

Cellular Communication Systems (previously UMTS Networks) Graduate course in Computer Science Integrated Communication Systems (ICS) Group http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics -> Teaching -> Master studies -> Cellular Communication Systems Winter Semester

Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim (lecturers)

Mehdi Harounabadi (seminars)

http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics



Cellular Communication Systems 2 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim October 2013

Course Motivation – Why is this important?

Still dramatic increase in mobile communications

Domination of Internet traffic

Transition from voice to data services

Transition towards flat rates

Convergence of the Telecommunication world and the Internet world

⇒ Transition from circuit-switched to packet-switching technology

⇒ Mobile/Wireless Internet

⇒ New applications and services

New services and challenges

streaming: broadcast vs. unicast

machine-to-machine communications: scalability and overhead

car-to-car and (cooperative) multihop communications

low latency, high reliability


Growth in Mobile Data

Seehttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html for details

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html



Growth in Mobile Data by Devices

See http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html for details






Course Contents

• Review of the basics of mobile communications • Overview on GSM, GPRS and EDGE • UMTS (3G) networks, including

- network architecture, - network elements, - protocols and - service aspects

• Architecture, protocols and services of UMTS networks especially - the radio access network and - the core network

• Evolution towards LTE and LTE-Advanced - High-speed Packet Data (HSPA), - Long-term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) - Self-organization in LTE and LTE-Advanced

Focus on network aspects rather than radio details


Course Objectives

Understand how mobile networks work

Be able to navigate and understand UMTS and LTE standards

Understand why UMTS and LTE has been defined the way it is

Understand the 2G to 4G evolution path

=> Acquire a reasonable deep understanding of a highly complex

system

=> Understanding of the system from the system architect´s view

or: abstract from the details and understand the story as a whole


Working Method

Study of real Telco systems with their specific problems

Identify and solve the identified problems instead of a general study of abstract problems

Lots of discussion (hopefully)

Individual studies and teamwork Individual topics, but coordination in groups Term paper due January 27, 2016 Final presentations: February 1-5, 2016 Note: plagirism will result in fail for the course!

Exam Oral exam (20 min, please register at ICS office in Z1031) Grading scheme: 60% oral exam, 40% term paper plus presentation

4.0 required for each part to pass the course 50% correct answers required to pass oral exam (4 topics typically)


Organisational Stuff

Lecture: first half of semester (4 hrs per week) Individual studies: second half of semester (term paper and presentations) Course prerequisites:

Basics of Communication Systems and Protocols (mandatory) Basics of Mobile Communication Networks, e.g. Advanced Mobile

Communication Networks course (recommended) Slides and additional information are provided at http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics

-> Teaching -> Master Studies -> Cellular Communication Systems Instructor contact: Andreas Mitschele-Thiel Jens Mückenheim Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Phone: 03677-69 2819/2829 Phone: 03461-462107

Course budget: appr. 30 hours of classes




mailto:[email protected]







Schedule

Red topics are provided by Jens Mückenheim

1 Introduction 15.10.15 2 Basics of Wireless Transmissions 3 2G: GSM and GSM Evolution 22.10.15 4 UMTS Architecture 5 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 29.10.15 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) 9 Wideband CDMA Principles 05.11.15 10 Radio Resource Management 6 UTRAN Procedures 12.11.15 7 Numbering, Addressing and Location Identities 8 UE Modes, Mobility and Comm. Management (Overview) 11 High-Speed Packet-Access (HSPA) 19.11.15 12 High-Speed Packet-Access (EDCH) 13 UMTS-Evolution (HSPA+) 26.11.15 14 LTE/SAE (Arch., Radio, Res. Mgmt., LTE-A) 15 Self-organization in LTE (Architecture and Use Cases) 03.12.15 16 Advanced Concepts/5G

Introduction

Mobile Business and Services Market Expectations UMTS Services and Applications

Technical Trends From 2G to 4G


First Mobile Radio (1924) – How it began...


Revenue for Mobile Operators (total) in Germany

Total revenue

Average revenue per user (ARPU)

[US$m] [US$] [%] Total Mobile Revenues $27,559 $25.33 100.0% Voice Revenue $21,417 $19.68 77.7% Data Revenue $6,142 $5.64 22.3% Messaging Revenue $4,704 $4.32 17.1% SMS $4,026 $3.70 14.6% MMS $260 $0.24 0.9% Email $399 $0.37 1.4% Other Messaging $19 $0.02 0.1% Non-Messaging Revenue $1,438 $1.32 5.2% Ringtones $332 $0.31 1.2% Graphics/Images $162 $0.15 0.6% Games $263 $0.24 1.0% Information Services $163 $0.15 0.6% Music $59 $0.05 0.2% Video $88 $0.08 0.3% Mobile Data/Remote Access $371 $0.34 1.3%

German Mobile Operators‘ Revenue, estimates for 2007: more than 27 B$ = 21 B€

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Worldwide Number of Subscribers by Technology Region Q2 2006 Q2 2007 Q2 2007

(%)

World

Total 2,431,732,781 2,948,357,080 100.0%

GSM 2G 1,934,109,924 2,377,790,703 80.6%

UMTS (WCDMA) 3G 70,242,769 131,240,644 4.5%

UMTS/HSPA 3G 259,396 4,987,178 0.2%

TDMA 2G 31,491,377 12,126,883 0.4%

PDC 2G 39,319,525 23,481,602 0.8%

iDEN 2G 25,321,560 27,078,771 0.9%

Analog 1G 4,467,113 2,021,415 0.1%

cdmaOne 2G 29,466,577 15,551,230 0.5%

CDMA2000 1X 3G 260,661,808 288,503,817 9.8%

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO 3G 36,394,017 65,405,731 2.2%

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. A 3G - 171,311 0.0%

The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) states that, as of November 2006, GSM/UMTS services are available in 134 networks in 59 countries,

with 85% of mobile subscriptions worldwide = more than 2.5 billion (source: www.gsacom.com).

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http://www.gsacom.com/


Services: - Traditional Voice - Teleservices like and Fax, SMS, MMS messaging - Wide-band Data for Multimedia and Wireless Internet: via dedicated access (Basic Release99) up to 144 kb/s for high speed mobiles up to 384 kb/s for low speed mobiles up to 2 Mb/s for portable/fixed users

via high-speed packet access (HSPA, Release5, 6&7) up to 7.2-14.4/28.8 Mbit/s download up to 5.7/11.5 Mbit/s upload

Spectral Efficiency: High Mobility & Roaming: Worldwide Compatibility: with 2G systems, especially GSM Physical characteristics:

Wideband (W-)CDMA system with 5MHz bandwidth, 3.84 Mchps around 2000 MHz (EU), 1900 MHz (US), 1700 MHz (Japan)

UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System


Why UMTS?

GSM (2nd generation): Optimized for circuit-switched voice High delay (180 ms round-trip) Small band, inflexible assignment of

data rates Low data rates

Suboptimal use of radio resources

(spectral efficiency)

Complicated RF planning (layout of frequency usage)

Standard set by Europe

Globally available, but not planned as such

UMTS (3rd generation): Focus on packet-switched data Lower latency Flexible assignment of spectrum

with variable data rates Higher data rates for multimedia

services Higher capacity of radio system

Simplified RF engineering (no frequency planning)

Worldwide agreed standard

Worldwide roaming by design


3GPP Standards Releases (summary from/links to Wikipedia, 2013)

Version Released Info Release 99 2000 Q1 Specified the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating a CDMA air

interface Release 4 2001 Q2 Originally called the Release 2000 - added features including an all-IP

Core Network Release 5 2002 Q1 Introduced IMS and HSDPA Release 6 2004 Q4 Integrated operation with Wireless LAN networks and adds HSUPA,

MBMS, enhancements to IMS such as Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC), GAN (UMA)

Release 7 2007 Q4 Focuses on decreasing latency, QoS and improvements to real-time applications like VoIP. This specification also focuses on HSPA+ (High Speed Packet Access Evolution), SIM high-speed protocol and contactless front-end interface (Near Field Communication enabling operators to deliver contactless services like Mobile Payments), EDGE Evolution.

Release 8 2008 Q4 LTE (E-UTRA), All-IP Network (SAE). Release 8 constitutes a refactoring of UMTS as an entirely IP based fourth-generation network.

Release 9 2009 Q4 SAES Enhancements, WiMAX and LTE/UMTS Interoperability. Dual-Cell HSDPA with MIMO, Dual-Cell HSUPA.

Release 10 2011 Q1 LTE Advanced fulfilling IMT Advanced 4G requirements. Backwards compatible with release 8 (LTE). Multi-Cell HSDPA (4 carriers).

Release 11 2012 Q3 Advanced IP Interconnection of Services. Service layer interconnection between national operators/carriers as well as third party application providers.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_division_multiple_access

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Generation_Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_to_Talk_over_Cellular

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_to_Talk_over_Cellular

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_Access_Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_service

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA+

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Module

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Payment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolution

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolution

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advanced

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMT_Advanced

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interconnection

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_layer


2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS

GSM RAN

Base station

Base station controller

Base station

Base station

MSC

ISDN

GSM Core (Circuit switched)

HLR AuC EIR

GMSC

ATM based transport

GSM



GPRS Core (Packet Switched)

SGSN

GGSN

Inter-net

GSM RAN

Base station


Base station

Base station

MSC

ISDN


HLR AuC EIR

GMSC

ATM based transport

GSM+GPRS




SGSN

GGSN

Inter-net

GSM RAN

Base station


Base station

Base station

UTRAN

Radio network controller

Base station Base station

Base station

MSC

ISDN


HLR AuC EIR

GMSC

ATM based transport

GSM+GPRS+UMTS R99




SGSN

GGSN

Inter-net

GSM RAN

Base station


Base station

Base station

UTRAN

Radio network controller

Base station Base station

Base station

IP based transport

3G Core

GERAN GERAN+UMTS R5 + IMS


IP Multimedia System (IMS)- Architecture (simplified)

PSTN

PDN

Media Gateway

MGW Control

Session Control

Services

Common Multimedia

Service Network (IMS)

Access Proxy

BTS BSC/RNC MSC/ SGSN/GGSN UE UE

GSM/GPRS RAN (GERAN)

Common IP

Core Network

NodeB RNC SGSN/ GGSN IP Router

UE UE

UMTS/HSPA RAN

UE UE

802.11 WiFi 802.16 WiMax

AG

Service and Core Architecture is “Access Agnostic”

AG FW GGSN PDN RAN SGSN

Access Gateway Firewall Gateway GPRS Serving Node Packet Data Network Radio Access Network Serving GPRS Serving Node FW UE SIP phone

Cable, ethernet, DSL, etc

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4G Mobile Communication Systems: Radio Integration

Wireless IP

Society S-UMTS

Satellite Broadband

DVB-S DVB-T

DAB

GSM GPRS/EDGE

DECT IR

Broadband W-LAN

UMTS

Satellite/HAPS

Broadcasting

Cellular

Indoor

MBS 40 xMDS

Broadband WFA

Wireless Local Loop

Body LANs

Personal Area Networks

UMTS ++

4th Generation

Local Area Networks MBS 60 MWS

Bluetooth

Quasi-Cellular

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4G Mobile Communication Systems: Network Integration

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4G Mobile Communication Systems: System Integration

distribution layer

cellular layer

hot spot layer WLAN

DAB and / or DVB

2G: e.g. GSM

IMT-2000 UMTS

personal network layer

X X X X X X X X X X X X X fixed ( wired ) layer

• full coverage • global access • full mobility • not necessary individual links

• full coverage and hot spots

• global roaming • full mobility • individual links

• local coverage • hot spots • global roaming • local mobility • individual links

• short range communication (e.g. Bluetooth, DECT )

• global roaming • individual links • no mobility • global roaming • individual links

horizontal handover within a system vertical handover between systems

possible return channels

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Summary of the Evolution Path (European View)

1G: Analog systems

2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system

FDMA, TDMA, FDD circuit-switched voice (voice service) SMS global roaming

2G+ (GSM+GPRS): introduction of packet-switched data

IP to the terminal; ATM transport in the network multiplexing of packet-switched data on traffic channels of radio link IP tunneling in the packet-switched core network SS7 signaling, AAA, mobility management QoS: best effort still ongoing efforts

EDGE: enhanced radio efficiency (adaptive modulation) GERAN: generalized access network, to connect to 3G core networks

3G (UMTS): packet-switched data

...


Summary of the Evolution Path (cont’d)

2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system

2G+ (GSM+GPRS): introduction of packet-switched data

3G (UMTS): packet-switched data CDMA-FDD/TDD predominantly data communication focus on services and content all IP transport (3GPP R4): mobile, radio access network, core network SS7 signaling: AAA, mobility management, etc. QoS support seamless service (global roaming) Enhanced packet data perfromance: HSDPA+HSUPA HSPA Common IP-based service architecture (IMS)

4G: Integration of various radio technologies (satellite, broadcast, cellular, WLAN, BAN)

use of the ‘optimal’ radio link (w.r.t. spectral efficiency, delay, throughput, error rate, emission)

IETF protocols for everything (all IP for transport and control)


Important Readings

Books: Kaaranen, Ahtiainen, Laitinen, Naghian, Niemi: UMTS Networks – Architecture, Mobility

and Services. 2nd edition, Wiley, 2005 Holma, Toskala: WCDMA for UMTS. 4th edition, Wiley, 2007 Holma, Toskala: LTE for UMTS: Evolution to LTE-Advanced, 2011 Dahlman, Parkval, Sköld: 4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband, Elsevier, 2011 Important Documents for UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA: 21.101 to 21.104: List of standards for Release 3 (R99), 4, 5 and 6, respectively 21.905: vocabulary for 3GPP specifications 23.002: UMTS network architecture (core network and access network entities) 23.060: GPRS architecture 25.401: UTRAN overview 25.301: Radio link protocols (UTRA) 25.931: UTRAN procedures Important Documents for LTE: 21.201: List of standards for EPS based 3GPP system (different versions for different releases) 23.401: GPRS enhancements for E-UTRAN 36.401: E-UTRAN Architecture description 36.300: E-UTRA & E-UTRAN 36.201: PHY general description 36.321: MAC 36.322: RLC 36.323: PDCP 36.331: RRC (all documents are available at www.3gpp.org)

http://www.3gpp.org

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