TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT ILMENAU Integrierte Hard- … fileIntegrated HW/SW-Systems Andreas...

Integrierte Hard- und Softwaresysteme 2(B.S.)

2 hrs lecture1 hr seminar (2 hrs biweekly)

Dieter Wuttke

Steffen Ostendorff

TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄTILMENAU

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Integrated HW/SW-Systems 2Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 13-Feb-12

Motivation for the Course – Why is this important?

Any computer system consists of hardware and software!But: HW is often hidden and not considered important by SW developers

Indicators that HW is important:

Systems where HW/SW relation is obvious:

embedded systems real-time systems reliable systems safety-critical systems

capacity responsiveness and delay predictability reliability safety power consumption cost ...

=> Knowledge of HW/SW interaction is required!

What are ``Integrated HW/SW-Systems´´?



Embedded programming without knowledge of HW/SW integration

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According to the International Data Corporation

1997: 96% of all Internet-access devices shipped in the United States were PCs

End of 2002: less than 50% of them were PCsInstead, digital set-top boxes, cell phones, and personal digital assistants are sold

Today: the most selling Internet-access devices are mobile phones

Future: 70% of the development costs for cars are “chips”

Information Technology Scenario


Objectives

Let’s assume you are employed as a system architect with some company and faced with the following task:

Given is some problem to be solved by some kind of computer system, e.g. an ABS system for a car, a fly-by-wire system for a new Airbus, the control of a microwave oven, a mobile phone, a corporate IP router, or the control unit of some medical x-ray equipment.

The different systems have very different requirements, including real-time constraints, reliability, cost, etc.

Your task is to select the most appropriate system design including HW and SW, as well as the selection of the most appropriate design method and tools.

The goal of the course is to provide the knowledge to make these kind ofdecisions.


Content IHS 2

Motivation and overview Development process and tasks System requirements Behavioral models overview FSM, NDFSM, FSM composition PN, DFG, CFG, CDFG

Specification languages details Statecharts SDL VHDL SystemC

Optimization

Performance evaluation High-level Synthesis

IHS 3 (for M.S. students)Details on Validation, Testing Fault coverage Structural Test Functional Test Boundary scan Functional validation Performance/temporal validation


Working Method IHS 2

Lecture (2 hrs/week) Acquire knowledge of relevant techniques for system development

Seminar (1 hr) Exercises on system design

Exam 20 minutes oral exam (mPL) covering content of lectures and seminars

Project Seminar (B.S. courses, optional, offered in WS and SS) II: 4 credits as part of the MIKS or IHS major (Studienschwerpunkt

MIKS oder IHS) IN: 5 credits as part of the selective module Computer Architecture/IHS

(Wahlpflichtmodul Rechnerarchitektur/IHS) Work on selected topics (typically practical work) Practice team work Documentation of results Presentation of results


Fachgebiet IHS – Lehrveranstaltungen

MobilkommunikationsnetzeIntegrierte Hard- und

Softwaresysteme 2

Wireless Internet (SS)

UMTS-Netze (WS)

ProjektseminarMobilkommunikationsnetze

Projektseminar IHS

Integrierte Hard- und Softwaresysteme 3 (WS)

Integrierte Hard- und Softwaresysteme 1

Techn. Informatik 1/Rechnerorganisation1.

4.

5.

6.

M.S.

B.S.


Organisational Stuff

Course prerequisites: Basics of digital systems Basics of computer architecture and computer design

Slides and additional information will be provided at http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/iks

Instructor contact:Andreas Mitschele-Thiel Dieter WuttkeOffice: Zusebau, Room 1031 Office: Zusebau, Room 1067Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]: 03677-69-2819 Phone: 03677-69-2820

Karsten Henke Steffen OstendorffOffice: Zusebau, Room 2078 Office: Zusebau, Room 2078Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]: 03677-69-1443 Phone: 03677-69-1788

Secretary: Nicole Sauer, Zusebau, Room 1031, [email protected], Phone: 03677-69-2829


Introduction

Integrated HW/SW systems by example

Issues of HW/SW systems development


Some Examples of Systems with Tight HW/SW Interaction

Communication systems GSM/UMTS network elements IP router (QoS support) ATM switch GSM/UMTS mobile

Safety-critical systems fly-by-wire system ABS, ASR, ESP, etc. train control control of physical and chemical processes

Embedded systems (not user-programable) every-day-appliances (microwave oven, vending machine, mobile phone, ...) ABS ticket machine ...


Example: UMTS Network

RNS

UTRAN CN

RNS

PS Domain

CS Domain

Registers

RNC

RNC

MSC/VLR GMSC

HLR/AuC/EIR

SGSN GGSN

Node B

Node B

Node B

Node BUE

User Equipment

(UE)

IuUu

Iub

Iub

Iur

Gn


Example: Digital Wireless Platform

AD

Analog RF

Timingrecovery

phonebook

Java VM

ARQ

Keypad,Display

Control

FiltersAdaptive AntennaAlgorithm

Equalizers MUD

Accelerators(bit level)

analog digital

DSP core

uC core(ARM)

Logic

Dedicated Logicand Memory

Source: Berkeley Wireless Research Center


Example: Car Electronics

• More than 30% of the cost of a car is now in electronics• 90% of all innovations will be based on electronic systems


Example: Modern Vehicles, an Electronic System

Electronic Toll CollectionCollision AvoidanceVehicle ID Tracking

Safety-critical System

VehicleCAN Bus

BodyControl

ECU ABS

Suspension Transmission

IVHS Infrastructure

Wireless Communications/Data Global Positioning

Info/Comms/AV Bus

CellularPhone

GPS Display

Navigation Stereo/CD

SW ArchitectureNetwork Design/Analysis Function/Protocol Validation

Performance Modeling

Supplier Chain Integration

IVHS: Intelligent Vehicle Highway SystemsECU: Electronic Control Unit (Bordcomputer)


Example: Vehicles, a Consumer Electronic System

CommsGSM/GPRS

UMTS, PagingCompression

SW ShellWindows CE,

NT, MAC, BIOS

SW AppsBrowser,

Comms, User Apps

ProcessorRISC, PowerPC

X86, Hitachi RISC

DisplayHeads Up,Flat PanelGraphics

User I/FVoice SynthesisVoice ControlStylus, ETC

Output & I/FSerial, Ethernet

Diagnostics

Info/Comms/AV Bus

CellularPhone

GPS Display

Navigation Stereo/CD

• Minimum Technology to Satisfy User Requirements

• Usability• Integrate with Other Vehicle

Systems• Add Functions Without

Adding the Cost

Challenges

Vehicle Web SiteTechnology


Example: Smart Buildings

• Task: ambient conditioning systems allow thermal conditioning in small, localized zones, to be individually controlled by building occupants, creating “micro-climates within a building”

• Other functions: security, identification and personalization, object tagging, seismic monitoring

Dense wireless network of sensor, monitor, and actuator nodes

• Disaster mitigation, traffic management and control• Integrated patient monitoring, diagnostics, and drug administration• Automated manufacturing and intelligent assembly• Toys, Interactive Musea


PC/DataBased

PC-1laptop

InternetAccess

PC-2

Printer

TelecomBased

VideoPhone

VoicePhone

PDA

Intercom

ApplianceBased

Sprinklers

Toasters

Ovens

Clocks

ClimateControl

UtilityCustomization

SecurityBased

DoorSensorsMotion

Detectors WindowSensors

LightControl

AudioAlarms

Video surveillance

SmokeDetectors

EntertainmentBased

StereoTV

Cam Corder

StillCamera

VideoGame

VCR

DVDPlayer

Web-TVSTB

Example: Home Networking Application (Subnet) Clusters


Example: Smart Dust Components

Laser diodeIII-V process

Passive CCR comm.MEMS/polysilicon

Active beam steering laser comm.MEMS/optical quality polysilicon

SensorMEMS/bulk, surface, ...

Analog I/O, DSP, ControlCOTS CMOS

Solar cellCMOS or III-V

Thick film batterySol/gel V2O5

Power capacitorMulti-layer ceramic

1-2 mm


Example: Airborne Dust

Mapleseed solar cellMEMS/Hexsil/SOI

1-5 cm

Controlled auto-rotatorMEMS/Hexsil/SOIRocket dust

MEMS/Hexsil/SOI


Example: Synthetic Insects

Source: R. Yeh, K. Pister, UCB/BSAC


Definition of Embedded SystemsAn embedded system

employs a combination of hardware & software (a “computational engine”) to perform a specific function

is part of a larger system that may not be a “computer” works in a reactive and time-constrained environment

Software is used for providing features and flexibility Hardware = {Processors, ASICs, Memory,...} is used for performance (&

sometimes security)=> Integrated HW/SW system

Typical characteristics: perform a small set of highly specific functions (not "general purpose”) increasingly high-performance & real-time constrained power, cost and reliability are often important issues


What is a System Anyway?

Environment to environment

Sensors + Information Processing + Actuators

Computer is a system

Microprocessor (ASIC, memory) is not a system

environment

sensorsensor

sensorsensor

sensor

processing

actor


Design Process: Behavior vs. Structure

Mapping

Flow To Implementation

CommunicationRefinement

BehaviorSimulation

Performance models: emb. SW, comm. and

comp. resources

HW/SW partitioning,scheduling

SynthesisSW

estimation

Requirements

SystemBehavior

Models of computation

SystemArchitecture

PerformanceSimulation

Validation


Will the system solution match the original system spec?

Concept

• Limited synergies between HW & SW teams

• Long complex flows in which teams do not reconcile efforts until the end

• High degree of risk that devices will be fully functional

Software Hardware? • HW or IP Selection

• Design• Verification• System Test

TxOptics

Synth/MUX

CDR/DeMUX

RxOptics

VCXO

mP

ClockSelect

LineI/F OHP

STSPP

STSXC SPE

MapData

Framer

Cell/Packet

I/F

STMI/F


Important Lessons

Embedded systems market has surpassed the PC market

Communication is everywhere

Systems differ in many aspects (functionality, time constraints,

reliability, safety, cost, power consumption, …)

Design methodologies are important to handle complexity

(behavioural and structural descriptions and verification)

Methods for HW design align with modern SW design

but: HW knowledge is essential to optimize solutions

(cost, capacity, response time, reliability, safety, power, ...)

TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT ILMENAU Integrierte Hard- … fileIntegrated HW/SW-Systems Andreas...

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