CELLS Chapter 7.2. CELL THEORY Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Dutch lens maker who developed the first...
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Transcript of CELLS Chapter 7.2. CELL THEORY Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Dutch lens maker who developed the first...
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CELLSCELLSChapter 7.2Chapter 7.2
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CELL THEORYCELL THEORY Anton van Anton van
Leeuwenhoek - Leeuwenhoek - Dutch lens maker Dutch lens maker who developed who developed the first simple the first simple microscopemicroscope
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CELL CELL THEORYTHEORY
Matthias Matthias Schleiden - Schleiden - German German Botanist who Botanist who studied plant studied plant cellscells
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CELL CELL THEORYTHEORY
Theodor Theodor Schwann - Schwann - German German Zoologist - Zoologist - studied studied animal cellsanimal cells
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CELL THEORYCELL THEORYRobert Robert Hooke - Hooke - English English scientistscientist
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First coined the word First coined the word “cells”“cells”
after after looking at looking at corkcork..
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CELL THEORY:CELL THEORY:
1. All living things 1. All living things are made of cellsare made of cells
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2.2. The cell is the basic The cell is the basic unit of structure unit of structure and functionand function
3. Cells come from 3. Cells come from other cellsother cells
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TYPES OF CELLSTYPES OF CELLSProkaryotic - cells with no Prokaryotic - cells with no
nucleus or membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound organellesorganelles
very simple very simple cellscellsbacteria, some bacteria, some blue-green blue-green algaealgae
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Eukaryotic - cells with a Eukaryotic - cells with a nucleus and membrane nucleus and membrane bound organellesbound organelles
complex cellscomplex cellsanimal, plant, fungi, animal, plant, fungi, protistprotist
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Structures common in most Structures common in most Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells
Cell MembraneCell MembraneNucleusNucleusCytoplasmCytoplasm
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Typical Cell?Typical Cell?
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CELL STRUCTURECELL STRUCTUREPlasma MembranePlasma Membrane selectively permeableselectively permeable separates cell from its separates cell from its
environmentenvironment composed of lipid bilayer composed of lipid bilayer
with embedded proteinswith embedded proteins
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CELL STRUCTURECELL STRUCTURENucleusNucleus
surrounded by nuclear surrounded by nuclear envelopeenvelope
contains genetic contains genetic information information (chromosomes), (chromosomes),
““brain” of the cellbrain” of the cell
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CELL CELL STRUCTURESTRUCTURECytoplasmCytoplasm
Composed mostly Composed mostly of waterof water
Has salts, sugars, Has salts, sugars, proteins and other proteins and other materials materials suspended in itsuspended in it
Colloid consistencyColloid consistency
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CELL STRUCTURESCELL STRUCTURESOrganelles - MitochondriaOrganelles - Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the cellcell Contains its own DNAContains its own DNA Can reproduce when cell Can reproduce when cell
energy demands energy demands increaseincrease Converts glucose to Converts glucose to other energy formsother energy forms
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Only in plant, algae, Only in plant, algae, and some bacterial and some bacterial cellscells Convert the sun’s energy to glucoseConvert the sun’s energy to glucose Composed of “solar collectors” Composed of “solar collectors”
called granacalled grana Contain chlorophyll pigmentContain chlorophyll pigment
ChloroplastChloroplast
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RibosomesRibosomesProtein Protein
manufacturinmanufacturing siteg site
Young cells Young cells have many have many more than more than older cellsolder cells
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Network of tubes Network of tubes that transport that transport materials within materials within the cell and to the the cell and to the cell surface for cell surface for releasereleasesmooth and rough e.r.smooth and rough e.r.
Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum
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Smooth ERSmooth ERManufactures and Manufactures and transports lipids transports lipids within the cellwithin the cell
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Rough E.R.Rough E.R.Rough in appearance due to Rough in appearance due to
presence of ribosomespresence of ribosomesManufactures and transports Manufactures and transports
proteins to cell surface for proteins to cell surface for releaserelease
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Golgi Golgi ApparatusApparatus
Packages and Packages and processes cellular processes cellular materials and prepares materials and prepares them for shipmentthem for shipment
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Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus
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LysosomeLysosomeSite of cell digestionSite of cell digestionContains digestive Contains digestive
enzymesenzymesCalled “suicide Called “suicide sacs”sacs”Responsible for Responsible for cell destructioncell destruction
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VacuoleVacuoleUsed by cells Used by cells
to store to store nutrients, nutrients, wastes, and wastes, and cellular cellular products; products; water storagewater storage
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VesiclesVesicles Used by cells to Used by cells to
temporarily temporarily store cellular store cellular products (such products (such as hormones as hormones and enzymes) and enzymes) before release before release from the cellfrom the cell
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CentrioleCentrioless
Found only in animal Found only in animal cellscellsUsed during cellular Used during cellular
reproduction to help reproduction to help separate chromosomes separate chromosomes evenlyevenly
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CytoskeletonCytoskeletonProtein filaments Protein filaments which act as which act as scaffolding to scaffolding to
support cellular support cellular componentscomponents
Major component of Major component of cilia and flagellacilia and flagella
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Cilia and Cilia and FlagellaFlagella
Structures used Structures used for locomotion for locomotion of organism or of organism or transportation transportation of materialsof materials
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NucleolusNucleolus
Inside the nucleusInside the nucleusMakes ribosomesMakes ribosomes
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PlastidsPlastids Found only in plant cellsFound only in plant cells Used to store plant Used to store plant
materialsmaterials Chromoplasts - colorChromoplasts - color Chloroplasts – Chloroplasts – chlorophyllchlorophyll Leucoplasts – starchLeucoplasts – starch
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Cell WallCell Wall Found in plants, fungi, and some Found in plants, fungi, and some
bacteriabacteria NOT found in animal cellsNOT found in animal cells Made of cellulose, chitin or some Made of cellulose, chitin or some
other carbohydrateother carbohydrate Rigid, provide strength, support, Rigid, provide strength, support,
protectionprotection