Bacteria. The Bacteria Cell Not discovered until 1600 by our buddy Anton van Leeuwenhoek Bacteria...
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Transcript of Bacteria. The Bacteria Cell Not discovered until 1600 by our buddy Anton van Leeuwenhoek Bacteria...
![Page 1: Bacteria. The Bacteria Cell Not discovered until 1600 by our buddy Anton van Leeuwenhoek Bacteria are prokaryotes (have no nucleus) Their genetic material.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d305503460f94a088e0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bacteria
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The Bacteria Cell• Not discovered until 1600 by our
buddy Anton van Leeuwenhoek• Bacteria are prokaryotes (have no
nucleus)• Their genetic material in their cells is
not contained in a nucleus• Bacteria are living organisms
because they use energy, grow, and respond to their surroundings.
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Bacteria Structure
• Bacterial cells are surrounded by a rigid cell wall. Inside the cell wall is the membrane
• The inside is filled with cytoplasm, ribosomes and genetic protein
• May have flagellum that helps a cell to move
•ALL are prokaryotes•All are unicellular•Some are Autotrophs & Some are Heterotrophs
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Bacteria Cell Shape and Size
• One of three basic shapes1. Spherical2. Rodlike3. Spiral
• It is the chemical make up of the cell that determines its shape
• The shape helps scientist determine type
Cell Shape
Cell Size• Size vary greatly; average is .5 to 1 micrometer
• A micrometeri(um) is one millionth of a meter
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I’m Hungry(Obtaining Food and Energy)
• Bacteria must have a source of food and a way of breaking down the food to release energy
• Some bacteria are autotrophs making their own food through the process of photosynthesis or using chemical substances in their environment
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I’m Still Hungry
• Other bacteria are heterotrophs• They must consume other organisms
or the food that other organisms make
• May consume a variety of foods – from milk to meat, which you might also eat, to the decaying leaves on forest floor
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Respiration• The process of breaking down food to
release its energy is called respiration
Organic compounds + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water +
Energy
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Reproduction• When bacteria have plenty of food, the
right temperature, and other suitable conditions, they thrive and reproduce frequently
• Two Type– Asexual Reproduction
• Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduce– Sexual Reproduction
• Conjugation; transfers some of its genetic material into another bacterium through thread-like bridge
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Asexual Reproduction Sexual ReproductionName of Process Binary Fission Conjugation
Number of Parents 1 2What Occurs in the Process
The cell duplicates its genetic material, then divides into 2 separate
cells
One bacterium transfers some genetic material to another through threadlike
bridgeResult of Process
New cells identical to parent
Bacteria are genetically different
from parent
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Endospore Formation• When conditions in the environment
become unfavorable for growth some bacteria form endospores
• Endospores are small rounded, thick-walled resting cell that form inside a bacteria cell containing the cell’s genetic material and some cytoplasm
• Can resist freezing, heating and drying they can survive for many years
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The Role of Bacteria in Nature
• Bacteria are involved in:
–O2 production
–food production, –environmental recycling and cleanup, –Medicine production
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Oxygen Production
• Scientist credit autotrophic bacteria for making our earth habitable for life.
• The autotrophic bacteia use the sun’s energy to produce food and a waste product is oxygen
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Food Production• Can help create food such as
sourdough bread, yogurt, sour cream, and cheeses
• Can also cause food to spoil• Refrigerating and heating help slow
down spoilage• Pasteurization (Louis Pasteur) is
heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria with changing the taste.
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Environmental Recycling
• Bacteria are the “decomposers” –organism that break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals
• Return basic chemicals back to the environment to be used again
• Nitrogen-fixing bacteria help plants by converting nitrogen gas from the air into nitrogen products the plants can use.
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Cleanup Crew• Cup of oil anyone? Some bacteria can break down oil converting poisonous chemicals into harmless substances
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What role do bacterial decomposers play in the
environment?
Bacterial decomposer play a very important role in the environment by breaking down dead organism into basic chemicals that other organism can reuse.
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Health and Medicine
• In your digestive system• Make vitamins• Prevent harmful bacteria
from attaching to your intestines
• genetically altered bacteria help make scientist produce insulin to help people with diabetes