CareerMakers-August2011

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August 2011

Volume : 08

Editor

D.V.RAGHURAM

M.A., P.G.D.H.R.M., D.T.E.M

e-mail : [email protected]

Executive Editor

P. SUBHASHINI

M.Com

NOTE: Printing of this book

process through many stages - Writing,

Composing, Proof Reading etc. We try

our best to make this book error free. if

any mistake has inadvertently crept in,

we regret it and would be deeply

indebted to those who bring it to our

notice. We do not take any legal

responsibility. The publishers shall be

obliged if mistakes are brought to their

notice for carrying out correction in the

next edition.

Fulf

illing

agre

atne

ed....

.

Care

er&

Comp

etiti

onSerie

s

CONTENTS

AWARDS / PRIZES - 3

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES - 5

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - 8SUMMITS/ CONFERENCES - 9

PERSONS - 10

DEFENCE - 11

ECONOMY GLOSSARY - 11

SPORTS - 14

PLACES - 15

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS - 16

NATIONAL AFFAIRS - 16

CURRENT AFFAIRS QUESTIONS - 18


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Career Makers August 2011, Volume: 082

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FOR SURE SUCCESS IN

BANK EXAMS.... READ.......

JAYAM SERIES

16-2-875/1, Sayeedabad,

Hyderabad - 500 059

Cell: 9290882406


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AWARDS /

PRIZES

Ramon Magsaysay

Award

The six Award recipients in

2011 enlarge the community of

Magsaysay laureates to 290

individuals and organizations

spread across twenty-two countries

of Asia. The award is named after

famous Philippine president who

died in a plane crash in 1957. This

year "five remarkable individualsand one exceptional organization,

from Cambodia, India, Indonesia,

and the Philippines will receive

Asia's highest honor, the 2011

Ramon Magsaysay Award. The

Awardees are:

Alternative Indigenous

Development Foundation, Inc.

(AIDFI), from the Philippines. The

organization is being recognized for

"their collective vision, technological

innovations, and partnership

practices to make appropriate

technologies improve the lives and

livelihoods of the rural poor in upland

Philippine communities and

elsewhere in Asia."

The 44-year-old Harish

Hande, from India, runs his own

solar electric light company that has

lit up over 120,000 households, to

emerge as India's leading solar

technology firm. He is being

recognized for "his passionate and

pragmatic efforts to put solar power

technology in the hands of the poor,

through a social enterprise that

brings customized, affordable, and

sustainable electricity to India's vast

rural populace, encouraging the

poor to become asset creators." He

founded the company SELCO-India

with Neville Williams in 1995. A

doctorate in energy engineering

(solar specialty) from University of

Massachusetts (Lowell) and a IITKharagpur passout, Hande

revolutionised use of solar energy

by developing equipment tailor-

made for the needs of rural Indians.

Hasanain Juaini, from

Indonesia. He is being recognized

for "his holistic, community-based

approach to pesantren education in

Indonesia, creatively promoting

values of gender equality, religious

harmony, environmental

preservation, individual

achievement, and civic engagement

among young students and their

communities."

Koul Panha, from

Cambodia. He is being recognized

for "his determined and courageous

leadership of the sustained

campaign to build an enlightened,

organized and vigilant citizenry who

will ensure fair and free elections -

as well as demand accountable

governance by their elected officials

in Cambodia's nascent democracy."

Nileema Mishra, a lender to

the poor in Maharashtra, is being

recognized for "her purpose-driven

zeal to work tirelessly with villagers

in Maharashtra, India, organizing

them to successfully address both

their aspirations and their

adversities through collective action

and heightened confidence in their

potential to improve their own lives."

The 29-year-old has worked for

empowerment of women in Jalgaondistrict of Maharashtra and has

formed self help groups of over

2,000 women in 15 villages to

provide them livelihood avenues.

Tri Mumpuni, from

Indonesia. She is being recognized

for "her determined and

collaborative efforts to promote

micro hydropower technology,

catalyze needed policy changes,

and ensure full community

participation, in bringing electricity

and the fruits of development to the

rural areas of Indonesia."

Rajiv Gandhi ManavSeva Award-2010

Rajiv Gandhi Manav Seva

Award for the year, 2010 have been

announced today. The Selection

Committee has chosen the following

three individuals for conferment of

the prestigious award. The Awardcarries a cash prize of Rupees One

lakh and a citation to each awardee.

1. Smt. Mira Kagti, Assam-

she has established Shishu Sarothi

in 1987 for providing education,

rehabilitation and training services

to the children suffering from

Cerebral Palsy and persons with

disability. At present her Institute

caters to around 800 children and

their families to cope with and


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manage their children`s special

needs.

2. Dr. S.A. Thasleem

Sulthana, Andhara Pradesh-She is

doing service to the orphaned and

mentally handicapped children, and

working for the welfare, rehabilitation

of mentally retarted, hearing

impaired, visually challenged and

physically challenged children.

3. Dr.Mallika Nadda,

Himachal Pradesh-She is a leading

social activist in Himachal Pradesh.

She founded Chetna, at Bilaspur a

civil society initiative with a vision to

integrate physically and mentally

challenged children. She provides

voluntary services and , material in

kind, equipments, surgeryintervention support, clothing etc. to

the children.

In pursuance of the

Government of Indias policy to

support and promote voluntary

action in the area of Child

Development/Welfare, the Ministry

of Women and Child Development,

Government of India instituted the

Rajiv Gandhi Manav Seva Award

for Service to Children in 1994 to

honour individuals who have made

outstanding contribution towards the

cause of children.

The Award was instituted on

20th August,1994, the 50th Birth

Anniversary of the late Prime

Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi who had

deep love and concern for children.

Rajiv Gandhi Manav Seva

Award is conferred on three

individuals who make outstanding

contribution in the field of ChildProtection, Child Development or

Child Welfare for over ten years. The

selection for the award is made each

year by a National Selection

Committee.

World Food Prize 2011

John Kufuor of Ghana and

Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva of Brazil

have been awarded this years

World Food Prize for cutting hunger

in half while serving as President of

their nations. It was the first time the

award; created 25 years ago by

Nobel Peace Prize winner Norman

Bourlag, recognized the seminal role

of national leaders in fighting hunger

(both have been presidents of their

respective nations). It should be

noted that some 925 million people,

roughly one-in-seven worldwide, are

chronically hungry. Contribution by

Lula da Silva: With his Zero

Hunger program, Lula gave top

priority to combating hunger and

poverty in Brazil, a rising economic

power of 203 million people, while

president from 2003 to 2010. His

programs included cash aid to poor

families, food purchases from small-

scale farmers and a school meals

program.

Contribution by John Kufuor:

Kufuor, president of Ghana from

2001-09, used public- and private-

sector initiatives to improve food

security and reduce poverty. They

included a program to provide one

meal a day to schoolchildren and

educating farmers on best farming

practices. Ghana, with 25 millioncitizens, was the first nation in sub-

Saharan Africa, to cut hunger in half.

About the award:

The World Food Prize was

created in 1986 by Nobel Peace

Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug with

the help of General Foods, and

since 1990 has been sponsored by

businessman and philanthropistJohn Ruan. The award recognizes

the achievements of individuals who

have advanced human

development by improving the

quality, quantity or availability of food

in the world.

Tenzing Norgay Na-

tional AdventureAward

The Ministry of Youth Affairs

and Sports has announced today

the Tenzing Norgay National

Adventure Award for the year 2010

to recognize the achievements of

persons in the fields of Adventure.

The following four persons

have been selected for the

Adventure Awards for the year

2010:-1. Ms. Reena Kaushal Dharmshaktu

- Land Adventure2.Ms. Mamta Sodha

- Land Adventure3.Shri Dilip Donde

- Water Adventure4. Late Col. Balwant Singh Sandhu

- Life Time Achievement(Posthumously)

Ms. Reena Kaushal

Dharmshaktu has became the first

Indian woment to ski 900 Kms. From

coast of Antarctica to the South

Pole. She did some High Altitude

trekking in the Pindari Valley, MilamValley and Ralam Valley while

working as an instructor. Besides

this, she has been climbing

extensively from 1996.

Ms. Mamta Sodha has

scaled Mount Everst in 2010, she

has scaled island Peak, 20589 fts.,

Shri Kanth Peak 20422 fts, Mun

Peak 16000 fts, Phawara Rang

Peak 21441 fts. She has also

climbed Mount Everest- Eco


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Expedition- 29038 fts, Nepal.

Commander Dilip Donde has sailed

Solo on INSV Mhadei undertaking

Solo Circumnavigation of the earth

round the Three Great Capes in

273 days which is a significant and

rare achievement. He is the first

Indian to circumnavigate the earth

solo and under sails and 175th

person in the world to achieve this

feat.

Late Col Balwant Singh

Sandhu possessed excellent

record. A life time devoted to

mountaineering, a highly ethical

conduct and great leadership

qualities. He had actively

encouraged young people to the

outdoor adventure. He wasinstrumental in introduction of IMF

Annual Alpine Style climbing Camps

and continued to oversee there till

the last. He had climbed and trekked

for over 50 years in most ranges of

the Himalayas made the most

number of first ascents of difficult

peaks including first ascent of

Changabang (6870m) in Garhwal

Himalaya in 1974, first ascent to

Phawara Rang (6570) in Spiti, HP

in 1977.

The Awards will be

presented to the above individuals

except late Col. Balwant Singh

Sandhu by Her Excellency the

President of India during the Awards

ceremony to be held on August 29,

2011. Award is being given to late

Col. Sandhu, posthumously and will

be receive by his wife Ms. Helga

Sandhu.

International MerlinAward

The worlds largest

magicians organisation, the

International Magicians Society

(IMS) of USA, has selected noted

illusionist and stunt performer

Gopinath Muthukad of Kerala for this

years prestigious International

Merlin Award. With this Magician

Gopinath Muthukad becomes only

the 2nd Indian magician to receive

the coveted International Merlin

Award, the Oscar of Magic. The first

Indian to receive this award was P.C.

Sorcar Jr.

IMPAC Dublin LiteraryAward

Irish writer Colum McCanns

Let The Great World Spin, a novel

set in the shadow of Philippe Petits

1974 tightrope walk between the

twin towers of the World Trade

Centre, has won the 2011

International IMPAC Dublin Literary

Award, one of the worlds most

lucrative book prizes. Past winners

of the award include Michel

Houellebecq, Orhan Pamuk, and

Gerbrand Bakker, who won last year

for The Twin.

Mercy Ravi Award

The first Mercy Ravi Award

for Woman of Substance has been

given to Delhi Chief Minister Sheila

Dixit for her meritorious service to

the people. The award has been

instituted by Mercy Ravi Foundation,

in memory of Congress leader late

Mercy Ravi, wife of Union Minister

for Civil Aviation and Indian

Overseas Affairs Vayalar Ravi.

INSEAD Award

The renowned business

school and research institution,

INSEAD, has selected Sunil Mittal,

the founder and chief of Bharti En-

terprises with the Business Leader

for the World Award. Beside Mittal,

McKinsey and Company Global MD

Dominic Barton has also bagged the

award for their contribution to busi-

ness and societal growth. It needs

to be mentioned here that, business

leaders who have set new standards

in building successful, sustainable,

global enterprises that span multiple

cultures, embrace diversity and con-

tribute to economic and social pros-

perity, have been honoured with this

award. Dipak C. Jain is the Dean of

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ENVIRENVIRENVIRENVIRENVIRONMENTONMENTONMENTONMENTONMENTALALALALAL

ISSUESISSUESISSUESISSUESISSUES

Translocation of theCheetah in India

The Wildlife Institute of India,

has short-listed three sites, viz,

Shahgarh area in Rajasthan, Kuno

Palpur and Neoradehi Sanctuaries

in Madhya Pradesh, as possiblehabitats for reintroduction of

cheetah. A consultative meeting on

C h e e t a h

reintroduction

in India was

held in

Gajner, Rajas

than on the

9th and 10th

September

2009 which


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was attended by conservation

organizations including International

Union for Conservation of Nature

(IUCN) and other International

Cheetah experts, apart from Central

and State Government officials.

sources for the Cheetah relocation,

along with the cost of such relocation

have not been finalized.

Campaign for Protection

and Welfare ofElephants

The Ministry had constituted

a Task Force on Project Elephant

to recommend measures for a more

effective conservation and

management regime for elephants

in India. The Task Force submittedits report in 2010.One of the

recommendations of the Task Force

is to reach out to the people to

improve conservation and welfare

prospects of the elephant. In this

direction, the Ministry, in partnership

with the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI)

has launched the nationwide Haathi

Mere Saathi campaign by unveiling

the campaign mascot, logo and

website of the campaign during the

Elephant-8 Ministerial Meeting heldin New Delhi on 24th May 2011.

Other details of the campaign have

not been finalized. No amount has

been allocated for this campaign

and the Government has not

incurred any expenditure so far.

Gujarat set to increase

mangrove cover by 120

sq km

Gujarats environment andforests department is aiming to bring

an additional area of 120 sq km

along the states coastline under

mangrove cover by the end of the

financial year 2011-12.

We aim to carry out

plantation of mangroves in 120 sq

km area by the end of this year. This

will increase the mangrove cover in

Gujarat from the present 1,080 sq

km to 1,200 sq km, said Additional

Chief Secretary, Environment and

Forests, Dr S K Nanda.The plantation would stretch

along the 1,600 km coastline of

Gujarat, he said. At the meeting of

the State Wildlife Board (SWD) last

month, Chief Minister Narendra

Modi had stressed on the need of

taking up a mangrove conservation

drive in right earnest, sources said.

He had asked the forest

department officials to focus on two

projects: Biodiversity Wildlife

Conservation and Integrated

Coastal Area Mangrove Protection.

Gujarats mangrove cover is

the second largest in the country,

after West Bengal.

The Gujarat Ecology

Commission is also actively

participating in the plantation drive.

It has helped in regeneration of

mangrove forests through a

community-based approach.

According to the Forest Survey ofIndia - 2009, the highest mangrove

cover in Gujarat is found in Kutch

district (775 sq km), followed by

Jamnagar (157 sq km) and

Bharuch(42 sq km).

The coastal districts of Surat,

Valsad and Navasari in south

Gujarat have the lowest mangrove

cover.

Mangroves comprise several

salt-tolerant plant species that grow

along the inter-tidal zones of rivers

and seas, or estuarine habitats andriver-deltas.

They perform a vital role in

nutrient recycling, coastal protection

and fish breeding. They also provide

firewood, timber, fodder, fruit,

medicinal herbs, etc.

Mangrove forests are

considered to be the most

productive and bio-diverse wetlands

on the earth, Dr Nanda said. The

species can survive in hostile

environment and exhibit a variety of

adaptations, he said, adding they

keep the marine-ecology healthy.

But at present, mangrove

forests are considered to be among

the most threatened habitats in the

world.

Environmental

DamageIn a recent study carried out

by Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB) and Indian Institute of

Technology, Delhi (IITD) under the

aegis of Ministry of Environment and

Forests (MoEF) to assess the

environmental pollution of 88

industrial clusters (indicating

combined effect of all industries in

the area) in different parts of the

country, the internally generated

Comprehensive Environmental

Pollution Index (CEPI) using the


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same methodology indicate that the

pollution level of the coal mines are

much lower compared to the total

pollution level of the clusters

identified by CPCB.

The Minister said that it is

pertinent to mention here that the

Environment Management Plan

(EMP) for each project is prepared

taking into account the likely impact

on environment, ground water,

human beings etc which involves the

holding of Public Hearing with the

stake holders and the officials of the

State Government concerned. The

EMP is finalized addressing the

issues raised by the Stake holders

and placed for approval of Ministry

of Environment and Forests (MoEF).Project proponents have to comply

with the conditions laid by MoEF

while according environment

clearance.

New Tiger Reserves

The in-principle approval

has been accorded by the National

Tiger Conservation Authority for

creation of six new tiger reserves,

and the sites are: (i) Pilibhit (Uttar

Pradesh), (ii) Ratapani (MadhyaPradesh), (iii) Sunabeda (Odisha),

(iv) Mukandara Hills (including

Darrah, Jawahar Sagar and

Chambal Wildlife Sanctuaries)

(Rajasthan), (v) Kudremukh

(Karnataka) and (vi) Kawal

Sanctuary (Andhra Pradesh).

Besides, the States have been

advised to send proposals for

declaring the following areas as

Tiger Reserves: (i) Bor

(Maharashtra), (ii) Suhelwa (UttarPradesh), (iii) Nagzira-Navegaon

(Maharashtra) (iv) Satyamangalam

(Tamil Nadu), (v) Guru Ghasidas

National Park (Chhattisgarh), and

(vi) Mhadei Sanctuary (Goa). Under

section 38V of the Wildlife

(Protection) Act, 1972 State

governments are authorised to notify

an area as a tiger reserve on

recommendation of the National

Tiger Conservation Authority.

Himachal making

green roads with

plastic waste

Himachal Pradesh plans to

surface 150 km of state roads this

fiscal by adding shredded plastic

waste to tar."Molten plastic with liquid tar

has proven to be more resistant to

water permeation, heat and high

pressure than the normal material,"

Public Works Department (PWD)

Minister Gulab Singh said, reports

IANS. "All PWD divisions are using

plastic for roads. This year the PWD

will build 150 km of roads surfaced

with plastic waste. Last year 42 km

of roads were built using thismaterial," he said.

The Minister said the road

construction cost per km by using

bitumen was around Rs 12 lakh. But

by mixing plastic in the bitumen, the

cost came down to Rs 11 lakh per

km. "The government has so far

collected 104 tonnes of plastic this

year. Of this, 40 tonnes have been

used in construction of roads,"

Gulab Singh said.

The government has beenusing waste plastic, including carry

bags, disposable cups, and

laminated plastics like pouches of

potato chips, pan masala, aluminium

foil and packaging material used for

grocery items, in road surfacing

since 2010. Himachal Pradesh on

October 2, 2009, imposed a ban on

the production, storage, use, sale

and distribution of all types of

polythene bags made of non-

biodegradable materials.

After imposing the ban, the

government launched a campaign

"Polythene Hatao, Paryavaran

Bachao" (remove polythene, save

environment) across the state in

three phases.

To maintain regular supply of

plastic waste for the PWD's road

surfacing projects, the government

has developed a buyback

mechanism. It has asked village

panchayats and urban local bodies

to segregate plastic from other waste

in their areas. The PWD buys plastic

waste at a rate of Rs 4 per kg.

National River Conser-

vation Plan

The Central Government

has allocated funds to various States

under the National River

Conservation Plan (NRCP) for river

water cleaning during the past three

years. The Centrally sponsored

scheme of National River

Conservation Plan (NRCP) covers

polluted stretches of 39 rivers in 185

towns spread over 20 States. The

Central Government supplementsthe efforts of the State Governments

in river conservation by undertaking

pollution abatement works on a cost

sharing basis under the Plan. An

expenditure of Rs.4475 crore has

been incurred and sewage

treatment capacity of 4417 million

litres per day (mld) has been created

so far.

External assistance from

bilateral/ multilateral agencies is

availed of from time to time by the

Government. For the Yamuna Action

Plan (YAP) Phase-I, loan assistance

of Yen 17.77 billion was provided by

the Japan International Cooperation

Agency (JICA), Government of

Japan and an assistance of Yen

13.33 billion is being availed for YAP

Phase-II from the agency. JICA has

agreed to provide a loan assistance

of Yen 32.571 billion for the next

phase of the Programme.For pollution abatement of

the river Ganga at Varanasi, an

assistance of 11.184 billion Yen is

being availed from JICA. A project

with World Bank assistance for

abatement of pollution of river

Ganga at an estimated cost of

Rs.7000 crore has been approved

in April, 2011. The World Bank will

provide financial assistance of US

$ 1 billion for the project.


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SCIENCE &

TECHNOLOGY

NASA to launch moonmission in September

NASAs discovery mission

programme GRAIL is making

final launch preparations for its Sept

8 launch from Cape Canaveral Air

Force Station in Florida, the space

agency announced.

The Gravity Recovery And

Interior Laboratory twin spacecraft

are tasked for a ninemonth mis-

sion to explore Earths nearestneighbour in unprecedented detail.

They will determine the

structure of the lunar interior from

crust to core and advance our un-

derstanding of the thermal evolution

of the moon, Xinhua reported.

The spacecraft twins, GRAIL

A and B, will fly a circuitous route to

lunar orbit taking 3.5 months and

covering approximately 2.6 million

miles (4.2 million km) for GRAIL

A, and 2.7 million miles (4.3 millionkm) for GRAILB.

GRAIL will unlock lunar

mysteries and help us understand

how the moon, Earth and other rocky

planets evolved as well, said Maria

Zuber, GRAIL principal investigator

from the Massachusetts Institute of

Technology.

GRAILs launch period

opens Sept 8 and extends through

Oct 19.

Astronomers Discov-

ered Largest and Far-

thest Reservoir of

Water

Two teams of astronomers

discovered the largest and farthest

reservoir of water ever detected in

the universe.The water in the reser-

voir is equivalent to 140 trillion times

all the water in the worlds ocean.

The water surrounds a huge feed-

ing black hole, called a quasar more

than 12 billion light years away.

A quasar is powered by an

enormous black hole that consumes

a surrounding disk of gas and dust.

Astronomers studied a quasar

called APM 08279+5255. This qua-sar harbors a black hole 20 billion

times more massive than the sun

and produces as much as energy

as a thousand trillion suns. The wa-

ter vapour was expected to be

present in the early distant universe.

There is water vapour in the Milky

Way but 4000 times less than in the

quasar. It is because most of the

Milky Ways water is frozen in ice.

Worlds longest peri-scope developed for

Kalpakkam reactor

A 10-meter long periscope,

indigenously developed for a

nuclear reactor at the Indira Gandhi

Centre for Atomic Research

(IGCAR) in Kalpakkam and claimed

to be the longest in the world, was

dedicated to the nation today.

The Rs. 3.9-crore periscope,

manufactured by city-based VisualEducation Aids (P) Ltd (VEA) in col-

laboration with IGCAR and others,

was handed over to Bharatiya

Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam (Bhavini),

Kalpakkam, by IGCAR Director S.C.

Chetal.

The periscope is the longest

in the world and would be used in

the Prototype Fast Breeder Reac-

tor to view objects inside the reac-

tor during maintenance.

VEA Director J Balu said theperiscope, to be taken to Kalpakkam

soon, can be remotely operated and

also has motorised facilities for

scanning the area of interest and

image zooming and rotation.

The Applied Spectroscopy

Division, Division of Remote Han-

dling and Robotics and Centre for

Design and Manufacture of Bhabha

Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

Mumbai were also involved in the

two-year long project, Mr. Balu said.

TrES-2b: Darker thanAny Planet or Moon in

our Solar System

Astronomers discovered that

the planet named TrES-2b was

darker than any planet or moon in

our solar system. This planet reflects

less than one percent of the sunlight

falling on it. NASAs Kepler

spacecraft was used by the

astronomers to make this

observation.

TrES-2b was discovered in

2006 by the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet

Survey. It orbits its star at a distance

of only three million miles. The star

heats TrES-2b to a temperature of

more than 1800 degrees Fahrenheit.

TrES-2b orbits the star GSC03549,

which is located about 750 ligh-years

away. It can be observed near the

constellation Draco.


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NASA releases image

of brightly glowing

'Necklace Nebula'

NASA has released a

Hubble Space Telescope image of

a brightly glowing, giant cosmicnecklace of a recently discovered

planetary nebula, aptly named

Necklace Nebula.

The nebula, situated 15,000

lightyears away in the constella-

tion Sagitta, consists of a bright ring,

measuring 12 trillion miles across,

dotted with dense, bright knots of

gas that resemble diamonds in a

necklace. The knots glow brightly

due to absorption of ultraviolet light

from the central stars.

A pair of stars orbiting very

close together produced the nebula,

also called PN G054.203.4.

About 10,000 years ago one

of the aging stars ballooned to the

point where it enveloped its compan-

ion star. This caused the larger star

to spin so fast that much of its gas-

eous envelope expanded into

space. Due to centrifugal force, most

of the gas escaped along the stars

equator, producing a dense ring.

The embedded bright knots

are the densest gas clumps in the

ring. The stars are furiously whirling

around each other, completing an

orbit in a little more than a day.

India-South Africa

CEOs forum

Commerce and Industry

Minister Anand Sharma and his

South African counterpart Rob

Davies will interact with leading cor-

porate bigwigs of the two countries

at the second India-South Africa

CEOs Forum being held in New

Delhi on August 29.

The forum is headed by Tata

Sons Chairman Ratan Tata from the

Indian side and African Rainbow

Minerals Executive Chairman

Patrice Motsepe from South Africa.

The first meeting of the fo-

rum took place in Johannesburg in

August, 2010.

In an official statement,

Sharma said the two countries oc-

cupy similar positions in the global

economic order and it was neces-

sary for both of them to strengthen

bilateral ties."Also, the fact that both our

governments are faced with similar

socio-economic imperatives, it

would be most appropriate for our

governments and industry to step up

bilateral cooperation, intensify

knowledge-sharing and jointly ad-

dress developmental issues," he

said.

The two ministers will also

have bilateral discussions, the state-

ment added.During the first meeting, the

business leaders of both countries

discussed in detail the opportunities

and challenge that bilateral invest-

ment and trade offered and the

bottlenecks that were hampering

India-South Africa business ties.

The forum had also agreed

to jointly explore business opportu-

nities in Africa in diverse fields such

as pharmaceuticals, healthcare,

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SUMMITS/

CONFERENCES

food processing, automobiles, com-

ponents, biotechnology, information

technology, telecommunications,

infrastructure, roads and railways.

Apart from Ratan Tata, other

prominent Indian corporate leaders

that are part of the forum are

Mahindra & Mahindra Vice Chair-

man and Managing Director Anand

Mahindra and Marico CMD Harsh

C Mariwala, among others.

conference on mango

A global conference on

mango was held in Lucknow in June

2011. The main topic was the chal-

lenges facing the crop and its grow-

ers in backdrop of changing climatic

conditions.

17-Nation Emergency

Euro Zone Summit

Held in Brussels

17-nation Euro Zone Summit

was held on 21-22 July 2011 in Brus-

sels, capital of Belgium with the ob-

jective of finalizing a second rescue

package for debt plagued Greece

and calm the financial markets of

Europe. The participating nations

agreed on Marshall Plan for Europe

to revive the financial markets of

Europe.

Besides, the nations agreed

on the following measures:

The summit agreed to pour

another 159 billion euros into

Greece to stop debt contagion

across Europe. To ease Greece's

debt repayments on its loans, the

summit agreed to extend them from

7.5 years to between 15 and 30years in some cases, and at a rate

of 3.5 percent, down from 4.5 per-

cent.

The Eurozone leaders wel-

comed the measures undertaken by

the Greek government to stabilize

public finances and reform the

economy as well as the new pack-

age of measures including

privatization recently adopted by the

Greek Parliament.


10/20


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PERSONS

Sucheta becomes firstIndian woman to cross

Gobi desert

In a feat that can boost the

spirit of adventure among Indian

women, 33-year-old Sucheta from

Pune, has successfully crossed the

arduous 1,623 km stretch of the

Gobi desert, the largest in Asia and

the fifth in the world, in a multi-

national expedition.

Sucheta, who was part of a

13-member team led by Ripley

Davenport, accomplished the

expedition on 15th July, nine days

before the stipulated 60 day

deadline, braving rigours and heat

of the sands in Mongolia. She

became the first Indian woman to

cross Gobi desert.

Only seven of the 13 stayed

and lasted the course, Sucheta

Kadethankar being one of the three

successful women trekkers alongwith one each from Australia and

Singapore.

Six of them opted out of the

expedition due to either injuries or

of their own volition.

The other expedition

members were drawn from

Australia, England, Scotland, Hong

Kong and Singapore.

The success of Sucheta,

was, however not without minorsetbacks she suffered during the

journey across the Gobi desert.

Sadananda Gowda

sworn in Karnataka

Chief Minister

Lok Sabha member D. V.

Sadananda Gowda was on August

04 sworn in as Chief Minister of

Karnataka, succeeding B.S.

Yeddyurappa, who quit in the wake

of the Lokayukta report on illegal

mining that indicted him. Governor

H. R. Bhardwaj administered the

oath of office to 58-year-old

Devaragunda Venkappa

Sadananda Gowda at the Raj

Bhavan. He is the 26th chief minis-

ter of the State and the second BJP

member after Mr. Yeddyurappa to

hold the position. Mr. Gowda willhave a term of 22 months. Elections

are due in the State in May 2013.

Former Supreme Court

Judge Justice ShivrajV Patil sworn in as

New Lokayukta of

Karnataka

Former Supreme Court

Judge Justice Shivraj V Patil was

sworn in as the new Lokayukta of

Karnataka on 3 August 2011. The

oath was administered by Governor

H R Bhardwaj at Raj Bhavan. Justice

Patil succeeded Justice N Santosh

Hegde who vacated office after

completing eventful five-year tenure.

Justice Patil headed the one-

man committee to inquire into the

2G spectrum allocation issue

recently. The committee studied the

processes and procedures followed

by the Department of Telecommunications in distributing licences and

spectrum between 2001-09. Justice

Patil had joined the bar at Gulbarga

in 1962. He had also served as part-

time lecturer in Seth Shankarlal

Lahoti Law College, Gulbarga from

1967 to 1975 and as Principal of the

same college from 1975 to 1978.

Justice Patil moved to Bangalore in

1979 to exclusively practise in the

Karnataka High Court. He was

Standing Counsel for the Bangalore

Development Authority and Central

Silk Board. He was also the

Advocate for Bangalore University

and Gulbarga University.

He was elevated as Judge of

Karnataka High Court on 29 March

1990. He was later transferred to

Madras High Court. He had also

served as Chief Justice of High

Court of Rajasthan in 1999. Justice

Patil was elevated as Judge of the

Supreme Court in 2000 and retired

in 2005. Justice Patil has written a

book on the life of the great saint

Shree Sharanabasaveswara.

Former Karnataka High

Court Judge Justice R Gururaj was

administered oath of secrecy asUpa-Lokayukta by the Governor.

N A K Browne takesover as IAF chief

Ace fighter pilot Norman Anil

Kumar Browne on Sunday took over

as the 23rd chief of the Indian Air

Force from Air Chief Marshal P V

Naik, who retired after putting in 42

years of service.

Soon after taking over,

Browne said his priorities as IAF

chief would be to "enhance

operational capability, continue with

the modernisation drive of the force

and most importantly to look after

our people."

"To my mind that is the most

important asset that we have," 59-

year-old Browne, who has 3,100

flying hours to his credit, said.

He has taken over as the IAF

chief at a time when the force isundergoing massive modernisation

and is looking to induct a large

number of new weapon platforms,

including the 126 combat aircraft,

the C-17 strategic heavy-lift aircraft

along with a host of different types

of choppers. In his first address to

air warriors, Browne said, "The IAF

is well poised on path of

transforming itself into a potent

strategic force."


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DEFENCE

Russia successfully

test-launches ballistic

missileRussia on August 27 suc-

cessfully test launched its Bulava

inter-continental ballistic missile to

its maximum range of 8,000 km, in

a boost to the country's defence

capabilities.

The missile was fired suc-

cessfully by the White sea-based

Russian nuclear submarine Yuri

Dolgoruky, the Defence Ministry

said. The successful launch of the

Bulava came after a string of set-

backs suffered by this programme.

Only eight of its previous 15

launches were officially declared

successful. "The regular launch of

the missile was conducted at 7:20

am Moscow time from a submerged

position from the regular carrier in

line with the state flight development

tests at a maximum flight range of

the missile," a defence ministry

spokesman was quoted as sayingby Russian news agency Ria

Novosti.

The missile successfully

reached its target in the Pacific

Ocean in accordance with the nec-

essary shipping security measures,

the spokesman said. The success-

ful test of the missile was reported

to President Dmitry Medvedev by

the defence minister Anatoly

Serdyukov. The Bulava, expected to

become Russia's main naval stra-

tegic missile, is capable of carrying

10 warheads with a range of 8,000

km. The first test launch from the

Yuri Dolgoruky was conducted on

June 28, 2011. Before that the mis-

siles were fired from the typhoon-

class Dmitry Donskoy submarine.

The three-stage missile is

specifically designed for deployment

on Borey class nuclear submarines.

DRDO Launches

`PRAHAAR - Surface

to Surface Tactical

Missile

DRDO successfully flight

tested its latest surface to surface

Missile `PRAHAAR from Launch

Complex III, off Chandipur Coast,

ITR, Balasore, Orissa July 21. The

Missile with a range of 150 kms,

comparable to ATACMS Missile of

United States of America, fills the

vital gap between Multi Barrel Rock-

ets and Medium Range Ballistic Mis-

siles. The Missile capable of carry-

ing different types of warheads, op-

erates as battle field support system

to the Indian Army.The Missile with a length of

7.3 meters and diameter of 420 mm

weighing 1280 kgs, and a single

stage solid propulsion system went

to a height of 35 kms before reach-

ing the targets of the range of 150

kms in about 250 seconds.

Equipped with state of the art high

accuracy navigation, guidance and

electro mechanical actuation sys-

tems with latest onboard computer,

it achieved terminal accuracy of lessthan 10 meters.

The Missile with a pay load

of 200 kgs has a fast reaction time,

which is essential for the battle field

tactical missile. The Missile was

launched from a Road Mobile Sys-

tem, which can carry six missiles at

a time and can be fired in salvo

mode in all directions covering the

entire azimuth plane.

The Missile system is devel-

oped to provide Indian Army a cost

effective, quick reaction, all weather,

all terrain, high accurate battle field

support tactical system. The devel-

opment of Missile was carried out

by the DRDO Scientists in a short

span of less than two years.

The flight path of the Missile

was tracked and monitored by the

various Radar systems and Electro

Optical systems located along the

coast of Orissa. An Indian Naval ship

located near target point in Bay of

Bengal witnessed the final event.

The launch operations were

witnessed by Dr. V.K. Saraswat,

Scientific Adviser to Raksha Mantri

and Secretary Defence R & D, Lt

Gen Vinod Nayanar, AVSM, Direc-

tor General of Artillery, IHQ of MoD(Army). A team of scientists headed

by Shri Avinash Chander, Chief Con-

troller R&D, DRDO coordinated the

entire launching operations.

Defence Minister Shri AK

Antony has congratulated the Sci-

entists of DRDO for the successful

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ECONOMY

GLOSSARY

Financial Inclusion

Necessary for Inclu-sive Growth

Financial inclusion is

necessary for inclusive growth. To

extend the reach of banking to those

outside the formal banking system,

the Union Finance Minister ShriPranab Mukherjee in his Budget

Speech 2010-11 had stated that the

Government has decided to provide

appropriate banking facilities to

habitations having population in

excess of 2000 (as per 2001

census) by March, 2012.

Accordingly, 73,000 such

habitations across the country have

been identified and allocated to

Public Sector Banks, Regional Rural


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Banks, Private Sector Banks and

Cooperative Banks for extending

banking services by using the

services of Business

Correspondents and other models,

with appropriate technology back up

by March, 2012.

According to Dr. Rangarajan

Committee Report on Financial

Inclusion (2008), the reach of rural

cooperatives in terms of number of

clients and accessibility is better but

the health of a very large population

of rural credit cooperatives has

deteriorated significantly. RBI

guidelines on KYC (Know Your

Customer) are similar to both

Commercial Banks and Urban

Cooperative Banks.Primary Agriculture

Cooperative Societies (PACS)

affiliated to District Central

Cooperative Banks and State

Cooperative Banks were having a

deposit base of Rs.26,245 crore as

on 31.3.2009 that increased to

Rs.35,286 crore as on 31.3.2010

registering an increase of 34.45%.

The loans issued by such Primary

Societies (PACS) were of the order

of Rs.58,787 crore as on 31.3.2009

and Rs.74,938 crore as on

31.3.2010 registering an increase

27.47% over the previous year.

Urban Poor

The Minister for Housing and

Urban Poverty Alleviation Kumari

Selja has said that as per the data

released by the Planning

Commission, there was an increase

of about 44 lakhs urban poor in thecountry in the year 2004-2005 as

compared to the year 1993-1994.

Poverty figure for the year 2001 and

2011 are not available.

In a written reply in the Lok

Sabha today she said, Government

of India has launched the combined

Rural-Urban Socio-Economic and

Caste Census-2011 in June, 2011

for identification of people below

poverty line in the country. The

Socio-economic and Caste Census

would be carried out by the

respective State Government with

the financial and technical support

of the Government of India.

She said, the Ministry of

Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation

is implementing scheme of Swarna

Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana

(SJSRY) aimed at to provide gainful

employment to the urban

unemployed and under-employed

poor, through encouraging the

setting up of self employment

ventures by the urban poor living

below the poverty line, skills training

and also through providing wage

employment by utilizing their labour

for construction of socially andeconomically useful public assets.

Also, Jawaharlal Nehru National

Urban Renewal Mission (Basic

Services to the Urban Poor and

Integrated Housing and Slum

Development Programme

components), aimed at providing

basic amenities and affordable to the

urban poor, especially slum dwellers

is being implemented since

December, 2005.

Kumari Selja said, the

Government has recently launched

a new scheme called Rajiv Awas

Yojana (RAY) for the slum dwellers

and the urban poor. This scheme

aims at providing support to States

that are willing to provide property

rights to slum dwellers.

Evaluation of PDS

Evaluation studies of

Targeted Public Distribution System(TPDS) have been done by several

agencies including the Planning

Commission and World Bank. As

per the report of the Programme

Evaluation Organisation (PEO) of

the Planning Commission on

Performance Evaluation of TPDS

(2005), the implementation of TPDS

is hampered due to targeting errors,

prevalence of bogus cards and

diversion of foodgrains from the

supply chain. The World Bank has

prepared a report titled Social

Protection for a Changing India

(2011), which deals with key safety

net, social assistance and social

security programmes including the

Public Distribution System (PDS).

The report indicates that there is a

gap between the release of

foodgrains by the Food Corporation

of India (FCI) and the offtake of

foodgrains by the households, which

is due to leakages/diversion of

allocated foodgrains. This

information was given by the

Minister of State in the Ministry of

Consumer Affairs, Food & Public

Distribution, Prof. K.V. Thomas in

written reply to a question in LokSabha today.

He said that TPDS is

operated under the joint

responsibility of Central

Government and State/UT

Governments. The Central

Government is responsible for

procurement, allocation and

transportation of foodgrains upto the

designated depots of the FCI. The

operational responsibilities for lifting

and distributing the allocated

foodgrains within the States/UTs,

identification of eligible BPL families,

issuance of ration cards to them and

supervision over distribution of

allocated foodgrains to eligible card

holders through the Fair Price Shops

(FPSs) are of the State/UT

Governments.

Government closely

monitors the action taken by State/

UT Governments in respect ofirregularities noticed in the

implementation of TPDS.

Complaints as and when received

by Government from individuals and

organizations, as well as through

press reports are sent to the

concerned State/UT Governments

for inquiry and action. During the

year 2010, 174 complaints relating

to implementation of TPDS were

received, which have been sent to


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the States/UTs. Government also

regularly issues advisories to State/

UT Governments and reviews their

performance during meetings and

conferences. Periodic reporting has

been prescribed and utilization

certificate for the foodgrains

allocated are obtained from the

State/UT Governments, Shri

Thomas added.

The Minister said that

strengthening and streamlining of

TPDS is a continuous process. In

consultation with the State/UT

Governments, a Nine Point Action

Plan was evolved in 2006, which

inter-alia includes continuous review

of BPL/AAY list and to eliminate

bogus/ineligible ration cards alongwith strict action to be taken against

the guilty to ensure leakage free

distribution of foodgrains. To

improve functioning of TPDS,

States/UTs have also been advised

to ensure timely availability of

foodgrains at FPSs, greater

transparency in functioning of

TPDS, improved monitoring and

vigilance at various levels and

introduction of new technologies

such as Computerization of TPDS

operations at various levels.

Damodaran Panelsuggested Solution to

All ATM-card Related

Problems

The report on Customer

Service in Banks by a committee

chaired by M. Damodaran, former

Chairman of the Securities and

Exchange Board of India (SEBI) wasreleased on 3 July 2011. The

Reserve Bank of India panel

recommended an increased deposit

insurance cover of Rs.5 lakh so as

to encourage individuals to keep all

their deposits in banks. The

Damodaran panel mentioned that in

case of sick banks, a possibility to

enable customers to immediately

avail themselves of a part of their

insured deposits before the final fate

of sick banks is decided should be

explored.

The recommendations were

made in 3 broad categories:

Home Loans:

The panel recommended

that banks should not imposeexorbitant penal rates towards

foreclosure of home loans. A policy

should be devised to ensure that

customers are not denied of

opportunity to enhance their

economic welfare by making

choices such as switching to other

banks/financial entities to enjoy the

benefits conferred by market

competition. Measures to stop

practices of discriminating betweennew and old customers with identical

risk profiles on the basis of interest

rate offers were to be initiated.

Banks should automatically

provide annual account statement to

home loan customers. All home loan

customers should be permitted a

switchover between fixed to floating

or vice versa at least once during

the loan tenure at an appropriate

and reasonable fee.

The panel recommended

that home loans backed by

insurance products, in any

eventuality, to be automatically

settled by the insurance amount with

minimum inconvenience to the

nominees and heirs. The title deeds

should be returned to the customers

within 15 days after the loan closure

and a suitable compensatory policy

to compensate the customers for

delayed return of title deeds to beput in place.

Banks should ensure

through government subsidy or

insurance that educational loans are

properly priced. The Board

Approved Policy for educational

loans should indicate the minimum

percentage in value or number of

such loans which will be disbursed

to students from rural areas.

Senior Citizens:

There should be prioritised

service to senior citizens, physically

handicapped persons by effective

crowd/people management

available at all branches. The panel

suggested introduction of provisionof the SMS alerts service about

balance in the account at periodic

intervals and about due dates for

submission of important documents.

Automatic updation of the

customers to the senior citizen

category based on the date of birth

would be introduced. Pensioner may

be allowed to submit the annual life

certificate at any of the (linked)

branches and not necessarily at the

home branch.

Rural Areas:

According to the panel banks

should ensure proper currency

exchange facilities and also the

quality of notes in circulation in rural

areas. Branches should be made

functioning at a time convenient to

the customers (agricultural

labourers, workers and artisans).

Other Recommendations:

Exchange facilities for soiled/

torn notes is a right of every citizen

using such facilities and the RBI,

through its agents is to ensure that

no holder of sovereign currency note

is turned away at a bank counter

when the exchange facility is

desired. All banks should implement

the citizens' charter on exchange

facilities of notes and coins adopted

by the Department of Currency

Management, RBI.The panel suggested

documentation of the bank's

approach to develop Client First

Attitude by its employees.

Instant blocking of lost ATM

cards through SMS and immediate

restoration of funds in case of non-

dispensation of cash at an ATM were

some of the other recommendations

made by the Reserve Bank of India's

committee on customer service.


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SPORTS

For compensation to be paid

by the banks for transaction

deficiencies there should be in-built

into the core banking system (CBS)

software. As a measure of risk

management, call centres as well as

the online systems through Net

banking should enable a customer

to fix individual transaction limits for

debit/credit card use, debar or fix

limits for purchase of electronic or

jewellery items.

The panel is in favour of

standardisation of account opening

form by the Indian Banks'

Association (IBA).

Users (utilities, airlines, and

railways) of electronic bank

platforms for making collections mayoffer small discounts to their

customers to favour electronic

payments.

Reserve Bank of Indialaunched Industrial

Outlook Survey for the

July-September 2011

The Reserve Bank of India

on 3 August 2011 launched its

Industrial Outlook Survey for the

July-September 2011 period. The

Industrial Outlook Survey provides

for an insight into the perception of

non-financial public and private

limited companies that are engaged

in manufacturing activities about

their performance and future

prospects.

The responsibility for

conducting the research on behalf

of the central bank was bestowed

on Centre for Research Planningand Action (CERPA). The CERPA is

to get in touch with several

manufacturing companies during

the quarter July-September for

seeking their valuable feedback so

that it can be included in the survey.

The survey is to cover non-financial

private and public limited companies

with a good size/industry

representation. Those manufac

turing companies which are not

approached by CERPA can also

participate in the survey by

downloading the survey schedule

from RBIs official website.

The assessment of business

sentiments for the present quarter

and expectations for the ensuing

quarter are based on qualitative

responses to 20 major parameters.

The parameters include overall

business and financial situations,

demand indicators, price and

employment expectations, profit

margins etc. The survey aimed to

provide useful forward looking inputs

for policymakers, analysts and

businesses. The RBI has been

conducting the Industrial Outlook

Survey on a quarterly basis since1998.

CERPA

CERPA was established in

1972 and conducts social science

research, provides consultancy on

developmental issues, helps

planners and policymakers and

provides charitable services to the

disadvantaged and poor sections of

the country.

Indian Golf Team won

Bronze in a TeamEvent at 48-year old

Nomura Cup in Fiji

An amateur Indian golf team

won bronze in a team event at the

48-year old Nomura Cup in Fiji on

19 August 2011. The competitionwitnessed participation by teams

from 18 countries. The Indians

edged past golf powerhouse and

defending champions Korea by five

strokes for the third place on the fi-

nal day. They finished at a four-day

total of 865, and 5-under on the fi-

nal day.

Indias Khalin Joshi, who

also finished tied third in the indi-

vidual category, saved the day for

his team with a 4-under 68 as team-

mates Faldo Series Asian champion

Abhijeet Chaddha, reigning All-India

winner S Chikkarangappa and

Angad Cheema shot average

scores. The best of three scores

were counted every day for the team

total.

The victory at Fiji came a

fortnight after Indian golfers bagged

silver at the Asia-Pacific Junior

Championships.

World Federation

(BWF)

The Badminton World

Federation (BWF) is the

international governing body for the

sport of badminton. It was foundedin 1934 and was then known as the

International Badminton Federation.

Initially it had only nine member

nations (Canada, Denmark,

England, France, Ireland, Italy,

Netherlands, New Zealand,

Scotland and Wales) but now it

comprises of 165 member states. In

the year 2006 its name was changed

to Badminton World Federation

(BWF). The headquarters of BWF

is situated in Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia. Its current president is

Kang Young Joong.

15th Copa America

Uruguay won the Copa

America for a record 15th time after

beating Paraguay 3-0. Two goals

from Diego Forlan and another from

Luis Suarez helped Uruguay beat

Paraguay. The victory gives

Uruguay its first Copa America titlesince 1995. Paraguay had won

Copa America titles in 1979 and

1953 and reached the quarterfinals

at the 2010 World Cup. It is here

mentioned that top teams like

Argentina and Brazil were upset

again in the quarterfinals of this

tournament. Uruguay ousted

Argentina on penalties and

Paraguay eliminated Brazil, also in

a shootout. It is here underscored


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that Argentina has won the title 14

times and Brazil eight times. Brazil

had won four of the past five titles.

About Copa America: The Copa

America was earlier known as South

American Championship. It is an

international football competition fornational teams of South America.

The competition is organized by

CONMEBOL, South Americas

football governing body. It is the

oldest international continental

football competition. This year, the

43rd edition of the tournament was

held in Argentina. Uruguay has now

won the Copa America 15 times,

Argentina 14, Brazil 8 and Paraguay

2 times.

FIFA Womens World

Cup

Japan has won the final of

the Womens World Cup in Frankfurt

beating the USA on penalties 3-1

after a hotly disputed match that saw

each side score twice. With this win

Japan became the first Asian nation

to win the Womens World Cup. The

Japanese denied the U.S. team the

chance to become the first nation to

lift the cup three times. Sweden

finished third and France ended

fourth in the current championship.

About FIFA Womens

World Cup:

The FIFA Womens World

Cup is an international association

football competition organized by

FIFA. The championship has beenawarded every four years since the

inaugural tournament in 1991 held

in China. The inaugural

championship was won by USA.

The world cup 2011 was held in

Germany. The next World Cup will

be hosted by Canada in 2015. The

best performing nations are the USA

and Germany; both have won the

championship twice.

Womens Champions

Trophy, 2011

The Netherlands won the

womens field hockey Champions

Trophy 6-5 on penalties by defeating

Argentina. The 2011 Womens

Hockey Champions Trophy was the19th edition of the Hockey

Champions Trophy for women, it

was held in Amstelveen,

Netherlands. The womens

Champions trophy will be

remembered for the controversy

regarding the fight for the spot in the

final match. After the preliminaries

were over, the final originally was

scheduled to be played between the

Netherlands and South Korea, but

the Argentine side protested against

the second round standing in which

they were ranked third behind Korea

based on goals scored in that round.

After a second appeal by the

Argentine team, the final day

schedule was changed, since the

regulations stated that in case of a

draw in points in the second round,

the total points in the tournament

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PLACES

Pyeongchang city

The International Olympic

Committee has chosen

Pyeongchang city of South Korea to

host the 2018 Olympic Winter

Games. The other two bid cities

were Munich, Germany, and

Annecy, France. Pyeongchang nar-rowly failed in its bids for 2010 and

2014, losing by three votes to

Vancouver, Canada, for last years

event and by four votes to Sochi,

Russia, for the 2014 event. South

Korea has never hosted the Winter

Games, though the capital city of

Seoul hosted the 1988 Summer

Games. Had it won, Munich would

have been the first city to host both

the summer and Winter Olympics.

The city attracted the Summer

Games in 1972. The Winter Games

have been staged twice in Asia, both

times in Japan Sapporo in 1972

and Nagano in 1998.

Padmanabhaswamy

Temple

Padmanabhaswamy Temple

is one of the most famous Lord

Vishnu Temples in Kerala, South In-

dia. It is also known as Sree Ananda

Padmanabhaswamy Temple. The

shrine is currently run by a trust

headed by the royal family of

Travancore. References to the

temple can be found in the Divya

Prabandha canon of literature writ-

ten by Tamil Alwar. Alvars were the

Tamil Saint poets who lived between

the sixth and ninth centuries AD.

References to Sri Padmanabha

Temple is also said to have in the

Brahma Purana, Padma Purana,

Varaha Purana, and Vayu Purana.

Western Ghats

The Karnataka government

has said that it is not interested in

the UNESCO tag for the Western

Ghats. It is believed that the

UNESCO tag will mean a nogo area

for people, including tribals living in

the forests of the Western Ghats. A

large population resides in the West-

ern Ghats regions, spread across 10

districts - Shimoga, Dakshin

Kannada, Udupi, Chikmagalur,

Uttara Kannada, Hassan, Belgaum,

Dharwad, Hubli and Uttara

Kannada. Of the 176 revenue taluks

in the State, the Western Ghats for-

ests are spread across 59 taluks. It

is not possible for the Government

to force the people out of these re-

gions." Of the 39 forests for nomi-

nation from the Western Ghats in

Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Goa

and Maharashtra, there are 10 for-

est zones in Karnataka for which the

UNESCO tag is being sought.

These include the wildlife sanctuar-

ies at Pushpagiri, Brahmagiri,

Talacauvery and Someshwara,

apart from the Kudremukh national

park.


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