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August 2011
Volume : 08
Editor
D.V.RAGHURAM
M.A., P.G.D.H.R.M., D.T.E.M
e-mail : [email protected]
Executive Editor
P. SUBHASHINI
M.Com
NOTE: Printing of this book
process through many stages - Writing,
Composing, Proof Reading etc. We try
our best to make this book error free. if
any mistake has inadvertently crept in,
we regret it and would be deeply
indebted to those who bring it to our
notice. We do not take any legal
responsibility. The publishers shall be
obliged if mistakes are brought to their
notice for carrying out correction in the
next edition.
Fulf
illing
agre
atne
ed....
.
Care
er&
Comp
etiti
onSerie
s
CONTENTS
AWARDS / PRIZES - 3
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES - 5
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - 8SUMMITS/ CONFERENCES - 9
PERSONS - 10
DEFENCE - 11
ECONOMY GLOSSARY - 11
SPORTS - 14
PLACES - 15
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS - 16
NATIONAL AFFAIRS - 16
CURRENT AFFAIRS QUESTIONS - 18
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FOR SURE SUCCESS IN
BANK EXAMS.... READ.......
JAYAM SERIES
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Cell: 9290882406
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AWARDS /
PRIZES
Ramon Magsaysay
Award
The six Award recipients in
2011 enlarge the community of
Magsaysay laureates to 290
individuals and organizations
spread across twenty-two countries
of Asia. The award is named after
famous Philippine president who
died in a plane crash in 1957. This
year "five remarkable individualsand one exceptional organization,
from Cambodia, India, Indonesia,
and the Philippines will receive
Asia's highest honor, the 2011
Ramon Magsaysay Award. The
Awardees are:
Alternative Indigenous
Development Foundation, Inc.
(AIDFI), from the Philippines. The
organization is being recognized for
"their collective vision, technological
innovations, and partnership
practices to make appropriate
technologies improve the lives and
livelihoods of the rural poor in upland
Philippine communities and
elsewhere in Asia."
The 44-year-old Harish
Hande, from India, runs his own
solar electric light company that has
lit up over 120,000 households, to
emerge as India's leading solar
technology firm. He is being
recognized for "his passionate and
pragmatic efforts to put solar power
technology in the hands of the poor,
through a social enterprise that
brings customized, affordable, and
sustainable electricity to India's vast
rural populace, encouraging the
poor to become asset creators." He
founded the company SELCO-India
with Neville Williams in 1995. A
doctorate in energy engineering
(solar specialty) from University of
Massachusetts (Lowell) and a IITKharagpur passout, Hande
revolutionised use of solar energy
by developing equipment tailor-
made for the needs of rural Indians.
Hasanain Juaini, from
Indonesia. He is being recognized
for "his holistic, community-based
approach to pesantren education in
Indonesia, creatively promoting
values of gender equality, religious
harmony, environmental
preservation, individual
achievement, and civic engagement
among young students and their
communities."
Koul Panha, from
Cambodia. He is being recognized
for "his determined and courageous
leadership of the sustained
campaign to build an enlightened,
organized and vigilant citizenry who
will ensure fair and free elections -
as well as demand accountable
governance by their elected officials
in Cambodia's nascent democracy."
Nileema Mishra, a lender to
the poor in Maharashtra, is being
recognized for "her purpose-driven
zeal to work tirelessly with villagers
in Maharashtra, India, organizing
them to successfully address both
their aspirations and their
adversities through collective action
and heightened confidence in their
potential to improve their own lives."
The 29-year-old has worked for
empowerment of women in Jalgaondistrict of Maharashtra and has
formed self help groups of over
2,000 women in 15 villages to
provide them livelihood avenues.
Tri Mumpuni, from
Indonesia. She is being recognized
for "her determined and
collaborative efforts to promote
micro hydropower technology,
catalyze needed policy changes,
and ensure full community
participation, in bringing electricity
and the fruits of development to the
rural areas of Indonesia."
Rajiv Gandhi ManavSeva Award-2010
Rajiv Gandhi Manav Seva
Award for the year, 2010 have been
announced today. The Selection
Committee has chosen the following
three individuals for conferment of
the prestigious award. The Awardcarries a cash prize of Rupees One
lakh and a citation to each awardee.
1. Smt. Mira Kagti, Assam-
she has established Shishu Sarothi
in 1987 for providing education,
rehabilitation and training services
to the children suffering from
Cerebral Palsy and persons with
disability. At present her Institute
caters to around 800 children and
their families to cope with and
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Career Makers August 2011, Volume: 084
manage their children`s special
needs.
2. Dr. S.A. Thasleem
Sulthana, Andhara Pradesh-She is
doing service to the orphaned and
mentally handicapped children, and
working for the welfare, rehabilitation
of mentally retarted, hearing
impaired, visually challenged and
physically challenged children.
3. Dr.Mallika Nadda,
Himachal Pradesh-She is a leading
social activist in Himachal Pradesh.
She founded Chetna, at Bilaspur a
civil society initiative with a vision to
integrate physically and mentally
challenged children. She provides
voluntary services and , material in
kind, equipments, surgeryintervention support, clothing etc. to
the children.
In pursuance of the
Government of Indias policy to
support and promote voluntary
action in the area of Child
Development/Welfare, the Ministry
of Women and Child Development,
Government of India instituted the
Rajiv Gandhi Manav Seva Award
for Service to Children in 1994 to
honour individuals who have made
outstanding contribution towards the
cause of children.
The Award was instituted on
20th August,1994, the 50th Birth
Anniversary of the late Prime
Minister, Shri Rajiv Gandhi who had
deep love and concern for children.
Rajiv Gandhi Manav Seva
Award is conferred on three
individuals who make outstanding
contribution in the field of ChildProtection, Child Development or
Child Welfare for over ten years. The
selection for the award is made each
year by a National Selection
Committee.
World Food Prize 2011
John Kufuor of Ghana and
Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva of Brazil
have been awarded this years
World Food Prize for cutting hunger
in half while serving as President of
their nations. It was the first time the
award; created 25 years ago by
Nobel Peace Prize winner Norman
Bourlag, recognized the seminal role
of national leaders in fighting hunger
(both have been presidents of their
respective nations). It should be
noted that some 925 million people,
roughly one-in-seven worldwide, are
chronically hungry. Contribution by
Lula da Silva: With his Zero
Hunger program, Lula gave top
priority to combating hunger and
poverty in Brazil, a rising economic
power of 203 million people, while
president from 2003 to 2010. His
programs included cash aid to poor
families, food purchases from small-
scale farmers and a school meals
program.
Contribution by John Kufuor:
Kufuor, president of Ghana from
2001-09, used public- and private-
sector initiatives to improve food
security and reduce poverty. They
included a program to provide one
meal a day to schoolchildren and
educating farmers on best farming
practices. Ghana, with 25 millioncitizens, was the first nation in sub-
Saharan Africa, to cut hunger in half.
About the award:
The World Food Prize was
created in 1986 by Nobel Peace
Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug with
the help of General Foods, and
since 1990 has been sponsored by
businessman and philanthropistJohn Ruan. The award recognizes
the achievements of individuals who
have advanced human
development by improving the
quality, quantity or availability of food
in the world.
Tenzing Norgay Na-
tional AdventureAward
The Ministry of Youth Affairs
and Sports has announced today
the Tenzing Norgay National
Adventure Award for the year 2010
to recognize the achievements of
persons in the fields of Adventure.
The following four persons
have been selected for the
Adventure Awards for the year
2010:-1. Ms. Reena Kaushal Dharmshaktu
- Land Adventure2.Ms. Mamta Sodha
- Land Adventure3.Shri Dilip Donde
- Water Adventure4. Late Col. Balwant Singh Sandhu
- Life Time Achievement(Posthumously)
Ms. Reena Kaushal
Dharmshaktu has became the first
Indian woment to ski 900 Kms. From
coast of Antarctica to the South
Pole. She did some High Altitude
trekking in the Pindari Valley, MilamValley and Ralam Valley while
working as an instructor. Besides
this, she has been climbing
extensively from 1996.
Ms. Mamta Sodha has
scaled Mount Everst in 2010, she
has scaled island Peak, 20589 fts.,
Shri Kanth Peak 20422 fts, Mun
Peak 16000 fts, Phawara Rang
Peak 21441 fts. She has also
climbed Mount Everest- Eco
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Career Makers August 2011, Volume: 085
Expedition- 29038 fts, Nepal.
Commander Dilip Donde has sailed
Solo on INSV Mhadei undertaking
Solo Circumnavigation of the earth
round the Three Great Capes in
273 days which is a significant and
rare achievement. He is the first
Indian to circumnavigate the earth
solo and under sails and 175th
person in the world to achieve this
feat.
Late Col Balwant Singh
Sandhu possessed excellent
record. A life time devoted to
mountaineering, a highly ethical
conduct and great leadership
qualities. He had actively
encouraged young people to the
outdoor adventure. He wasinstrumental in introduction of IMF
Annual Alpine Style climbing Camps
and continued to oversee there till
the last. He had climbed and trekked
for over 50 years in most ranges of
the Himalayas made the most
number of first ascents of difficult
peaks including first ascent of
Changabang (6870m) in Garhwal
Himalaya in 1974, first ascent to
Phawara Rang (6570) in Spiti, HP
in 1977.
The Awards will be
presented to the above individuals
except late Col. Balwant Singh
Sandhu by Her Excellency the
President of India during the Awards
ceremony to be held on August 29,
2011. Award is being given to late
Col. Sandhu, posthumously and will
be receive by his wife Ms. Helga
Sandhu.
International MerlinAward
The worlds largest
magicians organisation, the
International Magicians Society
(IMS) of USA, has selected noted
illusionist and stunt performer
Gopinath Muthukad of Kerala for this
years prestigious International
Merlin Award. With this Magician
Gopinath Muthukad becomes only
the 2nd Indian magician to receive
the coveted International Merlin
Award, the Oscar of Magic. The first
Indian to receive this award was P.C.
Sorcar Jr.
IMPAC Dublin LiteraryAward
Irish writer Colum McCanns
Let The Great World Spin, a novel
set in the shadow of Philippe Petits
1974 tightrope walk between the
twin towers of the World Trade
Centre, has won the 2011
International IMPAC Dublin Literary
Award, one of the worlds most
lucrative book prizes. Past winners
of the award include Michel
Houellebecq, Orhan Pamuk, and
Gerbrand Bakker, who won last year
for The Twin.
Mercy Ravi Award
The first Mercy Ravi Award
for Woman of Substance has been
given to Delhi Chief Minister Sheila
Dixit for her meritorious service to
the people. The award has been
instituted by Mercy Ravi Foundation,
in memory of Congress leader late
Mercy Ravi, wife of Union Minister
for Civil Aviation and Indian
Overseas Affairs Vayalar Ravi.
INSEAD Award
The renowned business
school and research institution,
INSEAD, has selected Sunil Mittal,
the founder and chief of Bharti En-
terprises with the Business Leader
for the World Award. Beside Mittal,
McKinsey and Company Global MD
Dominic Barton has also bagged the
award for their contribution to busi-
ness and societal growth. It needs
to be mentioned here that, business
leaders who have set new standards
in building successful, sustainable,
global enterprises that span multiple
cultures, embrace diversity and con-
tribute to economic and social pros-
perity, have been honoured with this
award. Dipak C. Jain is the Dean of
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ISSUESISSUESISSUESISSUESISSUES
Translocation of theCheetah in India
The Wildlife Institute of India,
has short-listed three sites, viz,
Shahgarh area in Rajasthan, Kuno
Palpur and Neoradehi Sanctuaries
in Madhya Pradesh, as possiblehabitats for reintroduction of
cheetah. A consultative meeting on
C h e e t a h
reintroduction
in India was
held in
Gajner, Rajas
than on the
9th and 10th
September
2009 which
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was attended by conservation
organizations including International
Union for Conservation of Nature
(IUCN) and other International
Cheetah experts, apart from Central
and State Government officials.
sources for the Cheetah relocation,
along with the cost of such relocation
have not been finalized.
Campaign for Protection
and Welfare ofElephants
The Ministry had constituted
a Task Force on Project Elephant
to recommend measures for a more
effective conservation and
management regime for elephants
in India. The Task Force submittedits report in 2010.One of the
recommendations of the Task Force
is to reach out to the people to
improve conservation and welfare
prospects of the elephant. In this
direction, the Ministry, in partnership
with the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI)
has launched the nationwide Haathi
Mere Saathi campaign by unveiling
the campaign mascot, logo and
website of the campaign during the
Elephant-8 Ministerial Meeting heldin New Delhi on 24th May 2011.
Other details of the campaign have
not been finalized. No amount has
been allocated for this campaign
and the Government has not
incurred any expenditure so far.
Gujarat set to increase
mangrove cover by 120
sq km
Gujarats environment andforests department is aiming to bring
an additional area of 120 sq km
along the states coastline under
mangrove cover by the end of the
financial year 2011-12.
We aim to carry out
plantation of mangroves in 120 sq
km area by the end of this year. This
will increase the mangrove cover in
Gujarat from the present 1,080 sq
km to 1,200 sq km, said Additional
Chief Secretary, Environment and
Forests, Dr S K Nanda.The plantation would stretch
along the 1,600 km coastline of
Gujarat, he said. At the meeting of
the State Wildlife Board (SWD) last
month, Chief Minister Narendra
Modi had stressed on the need of
taking up a mangrove conservation
drive in right earnest, sources said.
He had asked the forest
department officials to focus on two
projects: Biodiversity Wildlife
Conservation and Integrated
Coastal Area Mangrove Protection.
Gujarats mangrove cover is
the second largest in the country,
after West Bengal.
The Gujarat Ecology
Commission is also actively
participating in the plantation drive.
It has helped in regeneration of
mangrove forests through a
community-based approach.
According to the Forest Survey ofIndia - 2009, the highest mangrove
cover in Gujarat is found in Kutch
district (775 sq km), followed by
Jamnagar (157 sq km) and
Bharuch(42 sq km).
The coastal districts of Surat,
Valsad and Navasari in south
Gujarat have the lowest mangrove
cover.
Mangroves comprise several
salt-tolerant plant species that grow
along the inter-tidal zones of rivers
and seas, or estuarine habitats andriver-deltas.
They perform a vital role in
nutrient recycling, coastal protection
and fish breeding. They also provide
firewood, timber, fodder, fruit,
medicinal herbs, etc.
Mangrove forests are
considered to be the most
productive and bio-diverse wetlands
on the earth, Dr Nanda said. The
species can survive in hostile
environment and exhibit a variety of
adaptations, he said, adding they
keep the marine-ecology healthy.
But at present, mangrove
forests are considered to be among
the most threatened habitats in the
world.
Environmental
DamageIn a recent study carried out
by Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB) and Indian Institute of
Technology, Delhi (IITD) under the
aegis of Ministry of Environment and
Forests (MoEF) to assess the
environmental pollution of 88
industrial clusters (indicating
combined effect of all industries in
the area) in different parts of the
country, the internally generated
Comprehensive Environmental
Pollution Index (CEPI) using the
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same methodology indicate that the
pollution level of the coal mines are
much lower compared to the total
pollution level of the clusters
identified by CPCB.
The Minister said that it is
pertinent to mention here that the
Environment Management Plan
(EMP) for each project is prepared
taking into account the likely impact
on environment, ground water,
human beings etc which involves the
holding of Public Hearing with the
stake holders and the officials of the
State Government concerned. The
EMP is finalized addressing the
issues raised by the Stake holders
and placed for approval of Ministry
of Environment and Forests (MoEF).Project proponents have to comply
with the conditions laid by MoEF
while according environment
clearance.
New Tiger Reserves
The in-principle approval
has been accorded by the National
Tiger Conservation Authority for
creation of six new tiger reserves,
and the sites are: (i) Pilibhit (Uttar
Pradesh), (ii) Ratapani (MadhyaPradesh), (iii) Sunabeda (Odisha),
(iv) Mukandara Hills (including
Darrah, Jawahar Sagar and
Chambal Wildlife Sanctuaries)
(Rajasthan), (v) Kudremukh
(Karnataka) and (vi) Kawal
Sanctuary (Andhra Pradesh).
Besides, the States have been
advised to send proposals for
declaring the following areas as
Tiger Reserves: (i) Bor
(Maharashtra), (ii) Suhelwa (UttarPradesh), (iii) Nagzira-Navegaon
(Maharashtra) (iv) Satyamangalam
(Tamil Nadu), (v) Guru Ghasidas
National Park (Chhattisgarh), and
(vi) Mhadei Sanctuary (Goa). Under
section 38V of the Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972 State
governments are authorised to notify
an area as a tiger reserve on
recommendation of the National
Tiger Conservation Authority.
Himachal making
green roads with
plastic waste
Himachal Pradesh plans to
surface 150 km of state roads this
fiscal by adding shredded plastic
waste to tar."Molten plastic with liquid tar
has proven to be more resistant to
water permeation, heat and high
pressure than the normal material,"
Public Works Department (PWD)
Minister Gulab Singh said, reports
IANS. "All PWD divisions are using
plastic for roads. This year the PWD
will build 150 km of roads surfaced
with plastic waste. Last year 42 km
of roads were built using thismaterial," he said.
The Minister said the road
construction cost per km by using
bitumen was around Rs 12 lakh. But
by mixing plastic in the bitumen, the
cost came down to Rs 11 lakh per
km. "The government has so far
collected 104 tonnes of plastic this
year. Of this, 40 tonnes have been
used in construction of roads,"
Gulab Singh said.
The government has beenusing waste plastic, including carry
bags, disposable cups, and
laminated plastics like pouches of
potato chips, pan masala, aluminium
foil and packaging material used for
grocery items, in road surfacing
since 2010. Himachal Pradesh on
October 2, 2009, imposed a ban on
the production, storage, use, sale
and distribution of all types of
polythene bags made of non-
biodegradable materials.
After imposing the ban, the
government launched a campaign
"Polythene Hatao, Paryavaran
Bachao" (remove polythene, save
environment) across the state in
three phases.
To maintain regular supply of
plastic waste for the PWD's road
surfacing projects, the government
has developed a buyback
mechanism. It has asked village
panchayats and urban local bodies
to segregate plastic from other waste
in their areas. The PWD buys plastic
waste at a rate of Rs 4 per kg.
National River Conser-
vation Plan
The Central Government
has allocated funds to various States
under the National River
Conservation Plan (NRCP) for river
water cleaning during the past three
years. The Centrally sponsored
scheme of National River
Conservation Plan (NRCP) covers
polluted stretches of 39 rivers in 185
towns spread over 20 States. The
Central Government supplementsthe efforts of the State Governments
in river conservation by undertaking
pollution abatement works on a cost
sharing basis under the Plan. An
expenditure of Rs.4475 crore has
been incurred and sewage
treatment capacity of 4417 million
litres per day (mld) has been created
so far.
External assistance from
bilateral/ multilateral agencies is
availed of from time to time by the
Government. For the Yamuna Action
Plan (YAP) Phase-I, loan assistance
of Yen 17.77 billion was provided by
the Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA), Government of
Japan and an assistance of Yen
13.33 billion is being availed for YAP
Phase-II from the agency. JICA has
agreed to provide a loan assistance
of Yen 32.571 billion for the next
phase of the Programme.For pollution abatement of
the river Ganga at Varanasi, an
assistance of 11.184 billion Yen is
being availed from JICA. A project
with World Bank assistance for
abatement of pollution of river
Ganga at an estimated cost of
Rs.7000 crore has been approved
in April, 2011. The World Bank will
provide financial assistance of US
$ 1 billion for the project.
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SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY
NASA to launch moonmission in September
NASAs discovery mission
programme GRAIL is making
final launch preparations for its Sept
8 launch from Cape Canaveral Air
Force Station in Florida, the space
agency announced.
The Gravity Recovery And
Interior Laboratory twin spacecraft
are tasked for a ninemonth mis-
sion to explore Earths nearestneighbour in unprecedented detail.
They will determine the
structure of the lunar interior from
crust to core and advance our un-
derstanding of the thermal evolution
of the moon, Xinhua reported.
The spacecraft twins, GRAIL
A and B, will fly a circuitous route to
lunar orbit taking 3.5 months and
covering approximately 2.6 million
miles (4.2 million km) for GRAIL
A, and 2.7 million miles (4.3 millionkm) for GRAILB.
GRAIL will unlock lunar
mysteries and help us understand
how the moon, Earth and other rocky
planets evolved as well, said Maria
Zuber, GRAIL principal investigator
from the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
GRAILs launch period
opens Sept 8 and extends through
Oct 19.
Astronomers Discov-
ered Largest and Far-
thest Reservoir of
Water
Two teams of astronomers
discovered the largest and farthest
reservoir of water ever detected in
the universe.The water in the reser-
voir is equivalent to 140 trillion times
all the water in the worlds ocean.
The water surrounds a huge feed-
ing black hole, called a quasar more
than 12 billion light years away.
A quasar is powered by an
enormous black hole that consumes
a surrounding disk of gas and dust.
Astronomers studied a quasar
called APM 08279+5255. This qua-sar harbors a black hole 20 billion
times more massive than the sun
and produces as much as energy
as a thousand trillion suns. The wa-
ter vapour was expected to be
present in the early distant universe.
There is water vapour in the Milky
Way but 4000 times less than in the
quasar. It is because most of the
Milky Ways water is frozen in ice.
Worlds longest peri-scope developed for
Kalpakkam reactor
A 10-meter long periscope,
indigenously developed for a
nuclear reactor at the Indira Gandhi
Centre for Atomic Research
(IGCAR) in Kalpakkam and claimed
to be the longest in the world, was
dedicated to the nation today.
The Rs. 3.9-crore periscope,
manufactured by city-based VisualEducation Aids (P) Ltd (VEA) in col-
laboration with IGCAR and others,
was handed over to Bharatiya
Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam (Bhavini),
Kalpakkam, by IGCAR Director S.C.
Chetal.
The periscope is the longest
in the world and would be used in
the Prototype Fast Breeder Reac-
tor to view objects inside the reac-
tor during maintenance.
VEA Director J Balu said theperiscope, to be taken to Kalpakkam
soon, can be remotely operated and
also has motorised facilities for
scanning the area of interest and
image zooming and rotation.
The Applied Spectroscopy
Division, Division of Remote Han-
dling and Robotics and Centre for
Design and Manufacture of Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
Mumbai were also involved in the
two-year long project, Mr. Balu said.
TrES-2b: Darker thanAny Planet or Moon in
our Solar System
Astronomers discovered that
the planet named TrES-2b was
darker than any planet or moon in
our solar system. This planet reflects
less than one percent of the sunlight
falling on it. NASAs Kepler
spacecraft was used by the
astronomers to make this
observation.
TrES-2b was discovered in
2006 by the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet
Survey. It orbits its star at a distance
of only three million miles. The star
heats TrES-2b to a temperature of
more than 1800 degrees Fahrenheit.
TrES-2b orbits the star GSC03549,
which is located about 750 ligh-years
away. It can be observed near the
constellation Draco.
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NASA releases image
of brightly glowing
'Necklace Nebula'
NASA has released a
Hubble Space Telescope image of
a brightly glowing, giant cosmicnecklace of a recently discovered
planetary nebula, aptly named
Necklace Nebula.
The nebula, situated 15,000
lightyears away in the constella-
tion Sagitta, consists of a bright ring,
measuring 12 trillion miles across,
dotted with dense, bright knots of
gas that resemble diamonds in a
necklace. The knots glow brightly
due to absorption of ultraviolet light
from the central stars.
A pair of stars orbiting very
close together produced the nebula,
also called PN G054.203.4.
About 10,000 years ago one
of the aging stars ballooned to the
point where it enveloped its compan-
ion star. This caused the larger star
to spin so fast that much of its gas-
eous envelope expanded into
space. Due to centrifugal force, most
of the gas escaped along the stars
equator, producing a dense ring.
The embedded bright knots
are the densest gas clumps in the
ring. The stars are furiously whirling
around each other, completing an
orbit in a little more than a day.
India-South Africa
CEOs forum
Commerce and Industry
Minister Anand Sharma and his
South African counterpart Rob
Davies will interact with leading cor-
porate bigwigs of the two countries
at the second India-South Africa
CEOs Forum being held in New
Delhi on August 29.
The forum is headed by Tata
Sons Chairman Ratan Tata from the
Indian side and African Rainbow
Minerals Executive Chairman
Patrice Motsepe from South Africa.
The first meeting of the fo-
rum took place in Johannesburg in
August, 2010.
In an official statement,
Sharma said the two countries oc-
cupy similar positions in the global
economic order and it was neces-
sary for both of them to strengthen
bilateral ties."Also, the fact that both our
governments are faced with similar
socio-economic imperatives, it
would be most appropriate for our
governments and industry to step up
bilateral cooperation, intensify
knowledge-sharing and jointly ad-
dress developmental issues," he
said.
The two ministers will also
have bilateral discussions, the state-
ment added.During the first meeting, the
business leaders of both countries
discussed in detail the opportunities
and challenge that bilateral invest-
ment and trade offered and the
bottlenecks that were hampering
India-South Africa business ties.
The forum had also agreed
to jointly explore business opportu-
nities in Africa in diverse fields such
as pharmaceuticals, healthcare,
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SUMMITS/
CONFERENCES
food processing, automobiles, com-
ponents, biotechnology, information
technology, telecommunications,
infrastructure, roads and railways.
Apart from Ratan Tata, other
prominent Indian corporate leaders
that are part of the forum are
Mahindra & Mahindra Vice Chair-
man and Managing Director Anand
Mahindra and Marico CMD Harsh
C Mariwala, among others.
conference on mango
A global conference on
mango was held in Lucknow in June
2011. The main topic was the chal-
lenges facing the crop and its grow-
ers in backdrop of changing climatic
conditions.
17-Nation Emergency
Euro Zone Summit
Held in Brussels
17-nation Euro Zone Summit
was held on 21-22 July 2011 in Brus-
sels, capital of Belgium with the ob-
jective of finalizing a second rescue
package for debt plagued Greece
and calm the financial markets of
Europe. The participating nations
agreed on Marshall Plan for Europe
to revive the financial markets of
Europe.
Besides, the nations agreed
on the following measures:
The summit agreed to pour
another 159 billion euros into
Greece to stop debt contagion
across Europe. To ease Greece's
debt repayments on its loans, the
summit agreed to extend them from
7.5 years to between 15 and 30years in some cases, and at a rate
of 3.5 percent, down from 4.5 per-
cent.
The Eurozone leaders wel-
comed the measures undertaken by
the Greek government to stabilize
public finances and reform the
economy as well as the new pack-
age of measures including
privatization recently adopted by the
Greek Parliament.
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PERSONS
Sucheta becomes firstIndian woman to cross
Gobi desert
In a feat that can boost the
spirit of adventure among Indian
women, 33-year-old Sucheta from
Pune, has successfully crossed the
arduous 1,623 km stretch of the
Gobi desert, the largest in Asia and
the fifth in the world, in a multi-
national expedition.
Sucheta, who was part of a
13-member team led by Ripley
Davenport, accomplished the
expedition on 15th July, nine days
before the stipulated 60 day
deadline, braving rigours and heat
of the sands in Mongolia. She
became the first Indian woman to
cross Gobi desert.
Only seven of the 13 stayed
and lasted the course, Sucheta
Kadethankar being one of the three
successful women trekkers alongwith one each from Australia and
Singapore.
Six of them opted out of the
expedition due to either injuries or
of their own volition.
The other expedition
members were drawn from
Australia, England, Scotland, Hong
Kong and Singapore.
The success of Sucheta,
was, however not without minorsetbacks she suffered during the
journey across the Gobi desert.
Sadananda Gowda
sworn in Karnataka
Chief Minister
Lok Sabha member D. V.
Sadananda Gowda was on August
04 sworn in as Chief Minister of
Karnataka, succeeding B.S.
Yeddyurappa, who quit in the wake
of the Lokayukta report on illegal
mining that indicted him. Governor
H. R. Bhardwaj administered the
oath of office to 58-year-old
Devaragunda Venkappa
Sadananda Gowda at the Raj
Bhavan. He is the 26th chief minis-
ter of the State and the second BJP
member after Mr. Yeddyurappa to
hold the position. Mr. Gowda willhave a term of 22 months. Elections
are due in the State in May 2013.
Former Supreme Court
Judge Justice ShivrajV Patil sworn in as
New Lokayukta of
Karnataka
Former Supreme Court
Judge Justice Shivraj V Patil was
sworn in as the new Lokayukta of
Karnataka on 3 August 2011. The
oath was administered by Governor
H R Bhardwaj at Raj Bhavan. Justice
Patil succeeded Justice N Santosh
Hegde who vacated office after
completing eventful five-year tenure.
Justice Patil headed the one-
man committee to inquire into the
2G spectrum allocation issue
recently. The committee studied the
processes and procedures followed
by the Department of Telecommunications in distributing licences and
spectrum between 2001-09. Justice
Patil had joined the bar at Gulbarga
in 1962. He had also served as part-
time lecturer in Seth Shankarlal
Lahoti Law College, Gulbarga from
1967 to 1975 and as Principal of the
same college from 1975 to 1978.
Justice Patil moved to Bangalore in
1979 to exclusively practise in the
Karnataka High Court. He was
Standing Counsel for the Bangalore
Development Authority and Central
Silk Board. He was also the
Advocate for Bangalore University
and Gulbarga University.
He was elevated as Judge of
Karnataka High Court on 29 March
1990. He was later transferred to
Madras High Court. He had also
served as Chief Justice of High
Court of Rajasthan in 1999. Justice
Patil was elevated as Judge of the
Supreme Court in 2000 and retired
in 2005. Justice Patil has written a
book on the life of the great saint
Shree Sharanabasaveswara.
Former Karnataka High
Court Judge Justice R Gururaj was
administered oath of secrecy asUpa-Lokayukta by the Governor.
N A K Browne takesover as IAF chief
Ace fighter pilot Norman Anil
Kumar Browne on Sunday took over
as the 23rd chief of the Indian Air
Force from Air Chief Marshal P V
Naik, who retired after putting in 42
years of service.
Soon after taking over,
Browne said his priorities as IAF
chief would be to "enhance
operational capability, continue with
the modernisation drive of the force
and most importantly to look after
our people."
"To my mind that is the most
important asset that we have," 59-
year-old Browne, who has 3,100
flying hours to his credit, said.
He has taken over as the IAF
chief at a time when the force isundergoing massive modernisation
and is looking to induct a large
number of new weapon platforms,
including the 126 combat aircraft,
the C-17 strategic heavy-lift aircraft
along with a host of different types
of choppers. In his first address to
air warriors, Browne said, "The IAF
is well poised on path of
transforming itself into a potent
strategic force."
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DEFENCE
Russia successfully
test-launches ballistic
missileRussia on August 27 suc-
cessfully test launched its Bulava
inter-continental ballistic missile to
its maximum range of 8,000 km, in
a boost to the country's defence
capabilities.
The missile was fired suc-
cessfully by the White sea-based
Russian nuclear submarine Yuri
Dolgoruky, the Defence Ministry
said. The successful launch of the
Bulava came after a string of set-
backs suffered by this programme.
Only eight of its previous 15
launches were officially declared
successful. "The regular launch of
the missile was conducted at 7:20
am Moscow time from a submerged
position from the regular carrier in
line with the state flight development
tests at a maximum flight range of
the missile," a defence ministry
spokesman was quoted as sayingby Russian news agency Ria
Novosti.
The missile successfully
reached its target in the Pacific
Ocean in accordance with the nec-
essary shipping security measures,
the spokesman said. The success-
ful test of the missile was reported
to President Dmitry Medvedev by
the defence minister Anatoly
Serdyukov. The Bulava, expected to
become Russia's main naval stra-
tegic missile, is capable of carrying
10 warheads with a range of 8,000
km. The first test launch from the
Yuri Dolgoruky was conducted on
June 28, 2011. Before that the mis-
siles were fired from the typhoon-
class Dmitry Donskoy submarine.
The three-stage missile is
specifically designed for deployment
on Borey class nuclear submarines.
DRDO Launches
`PRAHAAR - Surface
to Surface Tactical
Missile
DRDO successfully flight
tested its latest surface to surface
Missile `PRAHAAR from Launch
Complex III, off Chandipur Coast,
ITR, Balasore, Orissa July 21. The
Missile with a range of 150 kms,
comparable to ATACMS Missile of
United States of America, fills the
vital gap between Multi Barrel Rock-
ets and Medium Range Ballistic Mis-
siles. The Missile capable of carry-
ing different types of warheads, op-
erates as battle field support system
to the Indian Army.The Missile with a length of
7.3 meters and diameter of 420 mm
weighing 1280 kgs, and a single
stage solid propulsion system went
to a height of 35 kms before reach-
ing the targets of the range of 150
kms in about 250 seconds.
Equipped with state of the art high
accuracy navigation, guidance and
electro mechanical actuation sys-
tems with latest onboard computer,
it achieved terminal accuracy of lessthan 10 meters.
The Missile with a pay load
of 200 kgs has a fast reaction time,
which is essential for the battle field
tactical missile. The Missile was
launched from a Road Mobile Sys-
tem, which can carry six missiles at
a time and can be fired in salvo
mode in all directions covering the
entire azimuth plane.
The Missile system is devel-
oped to provide Indian Army a cost
effective, quick reaction, all weather,
all terrain, high accurate battle field
support tactical system. The devel-
opment of Missile was carried out
by the DRDO Scientists in a short
span of less than two years.
The flight path of the Missile
was tracked and monitored by the
various Radar systems and Electro
Optical systems located along the
coast of Orissa. An Indian Naval ship
located near target point in Bay of
Bengal witnessed the final event.
The launch operations were
witnessed by Dr. V.K. Saraswat,
Scientific Adviser to Raksha Mantri
and Secretary Defence R & D, Lt
Gen Vinod Nayanar, AVSM, Direc-
tor General of Artillery, IHQ of MoD(Army). A team of scientists headed
by Shri Avinash Chander, Chief Con-
troller R&D, DRDO coordinated the
entire launching operations.
Defence Minister Shri AK
Antony has congratulated the Sci-
entists of DRDO for the successful
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ECONOMY
GLOSSARY
Financial Inclusion
Necessary for Inclu-sive Growth
Financial inclusion is
necessary for inclusive growth. To
extend the reach of banking to those
outside the formal banking system,
the Union Finance Minister ShriPranab Mukherjee in his Budget
Speech 2010-11 had stated that the
Government has decided to provide
appropriate banking facilities to
habitations having population in
excess of 2000 (as per 2001
census) by March, 2012.
Accordingly, 73,000 such
habitations across the country have
been identified and allocated to
Public Sector Banks, Regional Rural
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Banks, Private Sector Banks and
Cooperative Banks for extending
banking services by using the
services of Business
Correspondents and other models,
with appropriate technology back up
by March, 2012.
According to Dr. Rangarajan
Committee Report on Financial
Inclusion (2008), the reach of rural
cooperatives in terms of number of
clients and accessibility is better but
the health of a very large population
of rural credit cooperatives has
deteriorated significantly. RBI
guidelines on KYC (Know Your
Customer) are similar to both
Commercial Banks and Urban
Cooperative Banks.Primary Agriculture
Cooperative Societies (PACS)
affiliated to District Central
Cooperative Banks and State
Cooperative Banks were having a
deposit base of Rs.26,245 crore as
on 31.3.2009 that increased to
Rs.35,286 crore as on 31.3.2010
registering an increase of 34.45%.
The loans issued by such Primary
Societies (PACS) were of the order
of Rs.58,787 crore as on 31.3.2009
and Rs.74,938 crore as on
31.3.2010 registering an increase
27.47% over the previous year.
Urban Poor
The Minister for Housing and
Urban Poverty Alleviation Kumari
Selja has said that as per the data
released by the Planning
Commission, there was an increase
of about 44 lakhs urban poor in thecountry in the year 2004-2005 as
compared to the year 1993-1994.
Poverty figure for the year 2001 and
2011 are not available.
In a written reply in the Lok
Sabha today she said, Government
of India has launched the combined
Rural-Urban Socio-Economic and
Caste Census-2011 in June, 2011
for identification of people below
poverty line in the country. The
Socio-economic and Caste Census
would be carried out by the
respective State Government with
the financial and technical support
of the Government of India.
She said, the Ministry of
Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation
is implementing scheme of Swarna
Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana
(SJSRY) aimed at to provide gainful
employment to the urban
unemployed and under-employed
poor, through encouraging the
setting up of self employment
ventures by the urban poor living
below the poverty line, skills training
and also through providing wage
employment by utilizing their labour
for construction of socially andeconomically useful public assets.
Also, Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission (Basic
Services to the Urban Poor and
Integrated Housing and Slum
Development Programme
components), aimed at providing
basic amenities and affordable to the
urban poor, especially slum dwellers
is being implemented since
December, 2005.
Kumari Selja said, the
Government has recently launched
a new scheme called Rajiv Awas
Yojana (RAY) for the slum dwellers
and the urban poor. This scheme
aims at providing support to States
that are willing to provide property
rights to slum dwellers.
Evaluation of PDS
Evaluation studies of
Targeted Public Distribution System(TPDS) have been done by several
agencies including the Planning
Commission and World Bank. As
per the report of the Programme
Evaluation Organisation (PEO) of
the Planning Commission on
Performance Evaluation of TPDS
(2005), the implementation of TPDS
is hampered due to targeting errors,
prevalence of bogus cards and
diversion of foodgrains from the
supply chain. The World Bank has
prepared a report titled Social
Protection for a Changing India
(2011), which deals with key safety
net, social assistance and social
security programmes including the
Public Distribution System (PDS).
The report indicates that there is a
gap between the release of
foodgrains by the Food Corporation
of India (FCI) and the offtake of
foodgrains by the households, which
is due to leakages/diversion of
allocated foodgrains. This
information was given by the
Minister of State in the Ministry of
Consumer Affairs, Food & Public
Distribution, Prof. K.V. Thomas in
written reply to a question in LokSabha today.
He said that TPDS is
operated under the joint
responsibility of Central
Government and State/UT
Governments. The Central
Government is responsible for
procurement, allocation and
transportation of foodgrains upto the
designated depots of the FCI. The
operational responsibilities for lifting
and distributing the allocated
foodgrains within the States/UTs,
identification of eligible BPL families,
issuance of ration cards to them and
supervision over distribution of
allocated foodgrains to eligible card
holders through the Fair Price Shops
(FPSs) are of the State/UT
Governments.
Government closely
monitors the action taken by State/
UT Governments in respect ofirregularities noticed in the
implementation of TPDS.
Complaints as and when received
by Government from individuals and
organizations, as well as through
press reports are sent to the
concerned State/UT Governments
for inquiry and action. During the
year 2010, 174 complaints relating
to implementation of TPDS were
received, which have been sent to
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the States/UTs. Government also
regularly issues advisories to State/
UT Governments and reviews their
performance during meetings and
conferences. Periodic reporting has
been prescribed and utilization
certificate for the foodgrains
allocated are obtained from the
State/UT Governments, Shri
Thomas added.
The Minister said that
strengthening and streamlining of
TPDS is a continuous process. In
consultation with the State/UT
Governments, a Nine Point Action
Plan was evolved in 2006, which
inter-alia includes continuous review
of BPL/AAY list and to eliminate
bogus/ineligible ration cards alongwith strict action to be taken against
the guilty to ensure leakage free
distribution of foodgrains. To
improve functioning of TPDS,
States/UTs have also been advised
to ensure timely availability of
foodgrains at FPSs, greater
transparency in functioning of
TPDS, improved monitoring and
vigilance at various levels and
introduction of new technologies
such as Computerization of TPDS
operations at various levels.
Damodaran Panelsuggested Solution to
All ATM-card Related
Problems
The report on Customer
Service in Banks by a committee
chaired by M. Damodaran, former
Chairman of the Securities and
Exchange Board of India (SEBI) wasreleased on 3 July 2011. The
Reserve Bank of India panel
recommended an increased deposit
insurance cover of Rs.5 lakh so as
to encourage individuals to keep all
their deposits in banks. The
Damodaran panel mentioned that in
case of sick banks, a possibility to
enable customers to immediately
avail themselves of a part of their
insured deposits before the final fate
of sick banks is decided should be
explored.
The recommendations were
made in 3 broad categories:
Home Loans:
The panel recommended
that banks should not imposeexorbitant penal rates towards
foreclosure of home loans. A policy
should be devised to ensure that
customers are not denied of
opportunity to enhance their
economic welfare by making
choices such as switching to other
banks/financial entities to enjoy the
benefits conferred by market
competition. Measures to stop
practices of discriminating betweennew and old customers with identical
risk profiles on the basis of interest
rate offers were to be initiated.
Banks should automatically
provide annual account statement to
home loan customers. All home loan
customers should be permitted a
switchover between fixed to floating
or vice versa at least once during
the loan tenure at an appropriate
and reasonable fee.
The panel recommended
that home loans backed by
insurance products, in any
eventuality, to be automatically
settled by the insurance amount with
minimum inconvenience to the
nominees and heirs. The title deeds
should be returned to the customers
within 15 days after the loan closure
and a suitable compensatory policy
to compensate the customers for
delayed return of title deeds to beput in place.
Banks should ensure
through government subsidy or
insurance that educational loans are
properly priced. The Board
Approved Policy for educational
loans should indicate the minimum
percentage in value or number of
such loans which will be disbursed
to students from rural areas.
Senior Citizens:
There should be prioritised
service to senior citizens, physically
handicapped persons by effective
crowd/people management
available at all branches. The panel
suggested introduction of provisionof the SMS alerts service about
balance in the account at periodic
intervals and about due dates for
submission of important documents.
Automatic updation of the
customers to the senior citizen
category based on the date of birth
would be introduced. Pensioner may
be allowed to submit the annual life
certificate at any of the (linked)
branches and not necessarily at the
home branch.
Rural Areas:
According to the panel banks
should ensure proper currency
exchange facilities and also the
quality of notes in circulation in rural
areas. Branches should be made
functioning at a time convenient to
the customers (agricultural
labourers, workers and artisans).
Other Recommendations:
Exchange facilities for soiled/
torn notes is a right of every citizen
using such facilities and the RBI,
through its agents is to ensure that
no holder of sovereign currency note
is turned away at a bank counter
when the exchange facility is
desired. All banks should implement
the citizens' charter on exchange
facilities of notes and coins adopted
by the Department of Currency
Management, RBI.The panel suggested
documentation of the bank's
approach to develop Client First
Attitude by its employees.
Instant blocking of lost ATM
cards through SMS and immediate
restoration of funds in case of non-
dispensation of cash at an ATM were
some of the other recommendations
made by the Reserve Bank of India's
committee on customer service.
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SPORTS
For compensation to be paid
by the banks for transaction
deficiencies there should be in-built
into the core banking system (CBS)
software. As a measure of risk
management, call centres as well as
the online systems through Net
banking should enable a customer
to fix individual transaction limits for
debit/credit card use, debar or fix
limits for purchase of electronic or
jewellery items.
The panel is in favour of
standardisation of account opening
form by the Indian Banks'
Association (IBA).
Users (utilities, airlines, and
railways) of electronic bank
platforms for making collections mayoffer small discounts to their
customers to favour electronic
payments.
Reserve Bank of Indialaunched Industrial
Outlook Survey for the
July-September 2011
The Reserve Bank of India
on 3 August 2011 launched its
Industrial Outlook Survey for the
July-September 2011 period. The
Industrial Outlook Survey provides
for an insight into the perception of
non-financial public and private
limited companies that are engaged
in manufacturing activities about
their performance and future
prospects.
The responsibility for
conducting the research on behalf
of the central bank was bestowed
on Centre for Research Planningand Action (CERPA). The CERPA is
to get in touch with several
manufacturing companies during
the quarter July-September for
seeking their valuable feedback so
that it can be included in the survey.
The survey is to cover non-financial
private and public limited companies
with a good size/industry
representation. Those manufac
turing companies which are not
approached by CERPA can also
participate in the survey by
downloading the survey schedule
from RBIs official website.
The assessment of business
sentiments for the present quarter
and expectations for the ensuing
quarter are based on qualitative
responses to 20 major parameters.
The parameters include overall
business and financial situations,
demand indicators, price and
employment expectations, profit
margins etc. The survey aimed to
provide useful forward looking inputs
for policymakers, analysts and
businesses. The RBI has been
conducting the Industrial Outlook
Survey on a quarterly basis since1998.
CERPA
CERPA was established in
1972 and conducts social science
research, provides consultancy on
developmental issues, helps
planners and policymakers and
provides charitable services to the
disadvantaged and poor sections of
the country.
Indian Golf Team won
Bronze in a TeamEvent at 48-year old
Nomura Cup in Fiji
An amateur Indian golf team
won bronze in a team event at the
48-year old Nomura Cup in Fiji on
19 August 2011. The competitionwitnessed participation by teams
from 18 countries. The Indians
edged past golf powerhouse and
defending champions Korea by five
strokes for the third place on the fi-
nal day. They finished at a four-day
total of 865, and 5-under on the fi-
nal day.
Indias Khalin Joshi, who
also finished tied third in the indi-
vidual category, saved the day for
his team with a 4-under 68 as team-
mates Faldo Series Asian champion
Abhijeet Chaddha, reigning All-India
winner S Chikkarangappa and
Angad Cheema shot average
scores. The best of three scores
were counted every day for the team
total.
The victory at Fiji came a
fortnight after Indian golfers bagged
silver at the Asia-Pacific Junior
Championships.
World Federation
(BWF)
The Badminton World
Federation (BWF) is the
international governing body for the
sport of badminton. It was foundedin 1934 and was then known as the
International Badminton Federation.
Initially it had only nine member
nations (Canada, Denmark,
England, France, Ireland, Italy,
Netherlands, New Zealand,
Scotland and Wales) but now it
comprises of 165 member states. In
the year 2006 its name was changed
to Badminton World Federation
(BWF). The headquarters of BWF
is situated in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia. Its current president is
Kang Young Joong.
15th Copa America
Uruguay won the Copa
America for a record 15th time after
beating Paraguay 3-0. Two goals
from Diego Forlan and another from
Luis Suarez helped Uruguay beat
Paraguay. The victory gives
Uruguay its first Copa America titlesince 1995. Paraguay had won
Copa America titles in 1979 and
1953 and reached the quarterfinals
at the 2010 World Cup. It is here
mentioned that top teams like
Argentina and Brazil were upset
again in the quarterfinals of this
tournament. Uruguay ousted
Argentina on penalties and
Paraguay eliminated Brazil, also in
a shootout. It is here underscored
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that Argentina has won the title 14
times and Brazil eight times. Brazil
had won four of the past five titles.
About Copa America: The Copa
America was earlier known as South
American Championship. It is an
international football competition fornational teams of South America.
The competition is organized by
CONMEBOL, South Americas
football governing body. It is the
oldest international continental
football competition. This year, the
43rd edition of the tournament was
held in Argentina. Uruguay has now
won the Copa America 15 times,
Argentina 14, Brazil 8 and Paraguay
2 times.
FIFA Womens World
Cup
Japan has won the final of
the Womens World Cup in Frankfurt
beating the USA on penalties 3-1
after a hotly disputed match that saw
each side score twice. With this win
Japan became the first Asian nation
to win the Womens World Cup. The
Japanese denied the U.S. team the
chance to become the first nation to
lift the cup three times. Sweden
finished third and France ended
fourth in the current championship.
About FIFA Womens
World Cup:
The FIFA Womens World
Cup is an international association
football competition organized by
FIFA. The championship has beenawarded every four years since the
inaugural tournament in 1991 held
in China. The inaugural
championship was won by USA.
The world cup 2011 was held in
Germany. The next World Cup will
be hosted by Canada in 2015. The
best performing nations are the USA
and Germany; both have won the
championship twice.
Womens Champions
Trophy, 2011
The Netherlands won the
womens field hockey Champions
Trophy 6-5 on penalties by defeating
Argentina. The 2011 Womens
Hockey Champions Trophy was the19th edition of the Hockey
Champions Trophy for women, it
was held in Amstelveen,
Netherlands. The womens
Champions trophy will be
remembered for the controversy
regarding the fight for the spot in the
final match. After the preliminaries
were over, the final originally was
scheduled to be played between the
Netherlands and South Korea, but
the Argentine side protested against
the second round standing in which
they were ranked third behind Korea
based on goals scored in that round.
After a second appeal by the
Argentine team, the final day
schedule was changed, since the
regulations stated that in case of a
draw in points in the second round,
the total points in the tournament
should be the next tie-breaker.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
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PLACES
Pyeongchang city
The International Olympic
Committee has chosen
Pyeongchang city of South Korea to
host the 2018 Olympic Winter
Games. The other two bid cities
were Munich, Germany, and
Annecy, France. Pyeongchang nar-rowly failed in its bids for 2010 and
2014, losing by three votes to
Vancouver, Canada, for last years
event and by four votes to Sochi,
Russia, for the 2014 event. South
Korea has never hosted the Winter
Games, though the capital city of
Seoul hosted the 1988 Summer
Games. Had it won, Munich would
have been the first city to host both
the summer and Winter Olympics.
The city attracted the Summer
Games in 1972. The Winter Games
have been staged twice in Asia, both
times in Japan Sapporo in 1972
and Nagano in 1998.
Padmanabhaswamy
Temple
Padmanabhaswamy Temple
is one of the most famous Lord
Vishnu Temples in Kerala, South In-
dia. It is also known as Sree Ananda
Padmanabhaswamy Temple. The
shrine is currently run by a trust
headed by the royal family of
Travancore. References to the
temple can be found in the Divya
Prabandha canon of literature writ-
ten by Tamil Alwar. Alvars were the
Tamil Saint poets who lived between
the sixth and ninth centuries AD.
References to Sri Padmanabha
Temple is also said to have in the
Brahma Purana, Padma Purana,
Varaha Purana, and Vayu Purana.
Western Ghats
The Karnataka government
has said that it is not interested in
the UNESCO tag for the Western
Ghats. It is believed that the
UNESCO tag will mean a nogo area
for people, including tribals living in
the forests of the Western Ghats. A
large population resides in the West-
ern Ghats regions, spread across 10
districts - Shimoga, Dakshin
Kannada, Udupi, Chikmagalur,
Uttara Kannada, Hassan, Belgaum,
Dharwad, Hubli and Uttara
Kannada. Of the 176 revenue taluks
in the State, the Western Ghats for-
ests are spread across 59 taluks. It
is not possible for the Government
to force the people out of these re-
gions." Of the 39 forests for nomi-
nation from the Western Ghats in
Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Goa
and Maharashtra, there are 10 for-
est zones in Karnataka for which the
UNESCO tag is being sought.
These include the wildlife sanctuar-
ies at Pushpagiri, Brahmagiri,
Talacauvery and Someshwara,
apart from the Kudremukh national
park.
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