Carbon Footprint Reduction On Higher Education Campuses

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www.helblingsearch.com 724.935.7500 Pittsburgh Retained Executive Search The Challenges of Carbon Footprint Reduction on Higher Education Campuses ‐ by Sami Barry Carbon footprint reduction is one of the hottest initiatives within higher education institutions today. There is a push for facilities managers of universities and colleges to operate their campuses in an eco‐ conscious way and more efficiently than ever before. Due to the vast array of strategies available for carbon footprint reduction, programs are complex and entire committees and departments devote their time and efforts to formulate plans that address specific issues and achieve long‐term goals. These plans involve conducting initial assessments, obtaining board approvals, formalizing strategies, developing measurable goals, and communicating the results campus‐ wide. Helbling & Associates spoke with some of our industry colleagues at Duke, Fordham and St. John’s Universities, and the University of Iowa, who were kind enough to elaborate on their institutions’ specific initiatives to reduce their carbon footprints. In 2009, Duke University became involved in the American College & University Presidents’ Climate Commitment which focuses on climate neutrality through campus integrated sustainability programs. Fordham and St. John’s Universities are involved with PlaNYC 2017, which was initiated by Mayor Michael Bloomberg in 2007 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 30% by 2017. Part of PlaNYC 2030, this sub‐plan was signed by ten major universities in New York City that represent over 1% of the city’s total square footage and almost 1.5% of its greenhouse gas emissions. Each professional interviewed emphasized the importance of conducting an initial emissions inventory to gain a comprehensive view of their institution’s weaknesses. This quantitative data provided them an essential foundation from which their plans were developed. While some of our colleagues conducted baseline studies internally, others chose to hire an external consultant to perform them and to develop strategies and outline attainable goals. From the results of those studies, they chose target areas that would offer substantial carbon footprint reduction within an aggressive timeframe. Marc Valera, Vice President for Facilities at Fordham, plays an instrumental role as head of the University’s sustainability committee. Valera explained that after conducting an assessment of utility usage at all university facilities, he and his colleagues were able to identify locations with the highest emissions rates. Those locations were then targeted as initial projects. One such immediate issue was the oil‐burning boiler‐plants on the Bronx Campus. Valera says, “when we updated the controls and switched to natural gas, we saw tremendous savings in emissions”. All new construction on Fordham’s campus is committed to LEED silver certification. They have completed two dormitories at roughly 170,000sf, which are presently LEED Gold. When facilitating any project in existing facilities, Valera says two of their primary goals are energy savings and completing deferred maintenance tasks, and he added that they are focused on “trying to hit the ROI’s in less than 5 years.” Another strategy Fordham deploys is retro‐ commissioning outdated buildings over 20,000sf to reach LEED certification over a series of years. They began this process with the University’s Walsh Library which is the largest end user on campus. Construction Facilities Management Real Estate Engineering There is a push for facility managers of higher educational institutions to operate their campus facilities in an eco‐ conscious way and more efficiently than ever before.

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Carbon footprint reduction is one of the hottest initiatives within higher education institutions today. Helbling & Associates interviews industry colleagues who elaborate on their institutions' specific initiatives to address the issue.

Transcript of Carbon Footprint Reduction On Higher Education Campuses

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www.helblingsearch.com 724.935.7500Pittsburgh

Reta ined Execu t i ve Search

The Challenges of Carbon Footprint Reduction on Higher Education Campuses‐ by Sami Barry

Carbon  footprint  reduction  is   one   of  the  hottest initiatives  within  higher  education  institutions  today.  There  is   a  push  for  facilities managers  of  universities and  colleges   to  operate  their  campuses   in  an  eco‐conscious  way  and more  efficiently  than  ever  before.  Due  to the vast array  of strategies  available for  carbon footprint  reduction,  programs are  complex  and entire committees   and  departments   devote  their  time  and efforts  to  formulate plans  that  address  specific  issues and  achieve  long‐term  goals.  These  plans   involve conducting  initial   assessments,  obtaining  board a p p r o v a l s , f o r m a l i z i n g strategies, developing measurable  goals, and  communicating the  results  campus‐wide.  

Helbling & Associates spoke  with  some  of o u r  i n d u s t r y colleagues at Duke, Fordham and St. John’s Universities, and the University  of  Iowa, who were  kind enough to elaborate   on  their  institutions’  specific  initiatives  to reduce their carbon footprints.   

In  2009,  Duke  University  became   involved  in  the American  College  &  University  Presidents’  Climate Commitment  which  focuses  on  climate  neutrality through  campus  integrated  sustainability  programs.  Fordham  and St.  John’s Universities are  involved with PlaNYC  2017,  which  was   initiated  by  Mayor  Michael Bloomberg in 2007 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 30% by  2017.    Part  of PlaNYC 2030, this  sub‐plan was signed by  ten major  universities  in New York City  that represent over 1% of the city’s total  square footage  and almost 1.5% of its greenhouse gas emissions. 

Each  professional   interviewed  emphasized  the importance of conducting an initial emissions  inventory to  gain  a   comprehensive  view  of  their  institution’s  

weaknesses.  This  quantitative  data provided  them  an essential   foundation  from  which  their  plans  were  developed.   While some  of our  colleagues  conducted baseline   studies   internally,  others   chose  to  hire  an external   consultant  to  perform  them  and  to  develop strategies and outline  attainable goals.  From the  results of  those  studies,  they  chose  target  areas  that  would offer  substantial  carbon  footprint  reduction within an aggressive timeframe. 

Marc  Valera,  Vice  President  for  Facilities  at  Fordham, plays  an  instrumental  role as  head of  the  University’s sustainability  committee.  Valera  explained  that  after conducting  an  assessment of  utility  usage   at  all university  facilities, he and his  colleagues  were able to identify  locations with  the highest  emissions   rates.  Those locations  were  then 

targeted as  initial  projects.    One such immediate  issue was the  oil‐burning boiler‐plants  on the  Bronx Campus.  Valera   says,  “when  we   updated  the  controls  and switched to natural  gas, we  saw tremendous  savings  in emissions”.  

All   new  construction  on  Fordham’s   campus  is committed  to  LEED  silver  certification.    They  have completed two dormitories  at roughly 170,000sf, which are  presently  LEED Gold.   When facilitating any  project in  existing  facilities,  Valera  says   two  of  their  primary goals  are  energy  savings  and  completing  deferred maintenance  tasks, and he added that they are  focused on “trying to hit the ROI’s in less than 5 years.”

Another  strategy  Fordham  deploys  is   retro‐commissioning  outdated  buildings  over  20,000sf  to reach LEED certification  over  a  series of  years.    They began  this process  with the University’s  Walsh Library which is the largest end user on campus. 

ConstructionFacilities Management

Real EstateEngineering

There is a push for facility managers of higher educational institutions to operate their campus facilities in an eco‐conscious way and more efficiently than ever before.

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Thus  far,  Fordham  has  seen  a  21%  reduction  in  their carbon emissions through lighting controls,  steam trap maintenance,  building  automation  expansion,  boiler optimization  and  switching  to  natural  gas.    Valera  is quick  to  add  that  the   last  nine   percent  will   be  a challenge.  For  example,  they  are  researching  the potential   implementation of  a  cogeneration  facility  as well  as  a large solar array  plant in order  to reach their ultimate goal of 30%.  Valera says, “We targeted the  low hanging fruit and projects which would give  us  the  most bang  for  our  buck  and  our  new  construction  is   very energy  efficient,  but  building  a  CHP  plant  and  retro‐commissioning  will   take   more  time.  Those  types   of projects  not only entail  getting the  funding in place but we have to work with the  utility  company, go through the regulatory process  for emissions  and all  of that will take   longer.  With  our results   so  far,  we  are hoping to achieve a  30% reduction  by  2013,  four years ahead of schedule.”

He goes  on to say, “All  of this  [carbon  footprint reduction]  is   ultimately going  to  be  mandated by  codes   here   in  New York City.   They  are going to make these  initiatives  into laws  and  give everyone a  few years  to  do  it.    For  an engineer,  you  give  me  a   reasonable   code,  sufficient amount of time to finance and get  the work done, and I’ll  meet the  code.   And really, that’s  the best way to do it.” 

St.  John’s   University  is   one   of  the  largest  Catholic universities  in the  country, and like  Fordham,  they  also follow PlaNYC 2017.   They  hired an external consultant to assist them with designing a  strategy  and secured a Director of Sustainability to execute that plan long term.  Brij  Anand, Vice  President  of  Facilities,  says they  have “proposed  and  received  approval   for  a   $25M  capital infusion for energy capital projects, which would reduce their  energy  bill   by  $3.2M  with  the   payback  in  7  ½ years.”  Anand adds, “We realized it was  better for us  to borrow  the money  directly  from the bank and we are implementing  the   20‐odd  projects   related  to infrastructure  upgrades.    A  major  portion  involves establishing a  cogeneration plant on campus.   We hope to have it all done in 3 years.”  

Duke University’s goal  is  to  be carbon neutral  by  2024 which is  also the 100 year anniversary of the institution.  

Russell  Thompson,  Director  of  Utilities &  Engineering, says  that the “big piece of the plan is  on the energy side by  reducing energy  in existing buildings  and striving for ‘LEED Plus’ for new buildings.    ‘LEED Plus’  is setting our own energy  standard within the framework.”   One of Duke’s   more  significant  accomplishments  is   fuel switching where they have reduced the university’s coal usage by 85% since  building the new natural  gas  fueled East Campus Steam Plant.

Throughout their emissions reduction process, Duke will be  working  closely  with  its  utility  company,  Duke Energy.    As  Thompson  discusses,  “[Duke  Energy]  has their  own  initiatives  to  reduce  their  carbon  footprint and ways  of monitoring  it,  so we keep  in  touch with what  they’re  doing as  well.”    Thompson says that  the 

university  is  “looking  at a   cogeneration  plant d o w n  t h e  r o a d , par t i cu la r l y  i f  Duke Energy  doesn’t  meet their  target.    But,  right now,  if  we   did  a   cogen plant in the next 10 years based  upon  what  Duke Energy  has  told  us,  our production  would  be 

more  carbon  intensive   than  theirs.  So,  our  footprint would  increase.”  When  asked  about  long‐term strategies,  Thompson  responded,  “we  are  researching other renewable energy  sources  such as  solar (both PV and thermal) and biomass,  but  have  nothing  concrete as of yet.”

Although  the University  of  Iowa has not  confirmed a formal plan to date, they are  currently  in the  process  of developing a long term strategy  for  the next  ten years. Liz  Christiansen,  the  University ’s  Director  of Sustainability,  explains  “we are  finalizing  our  program and  it will  involve aggressive  energy  conservation and renewable  energy  development  goals  as well  as goals that will address  waste diversion,  reducing  the  carbon footprint  from  university‐related  transportation  and travel,  and  building  sustainability  literacy  among  our students.  We are  basing our metrics  on ones developed by  the University  of Michigan and  they  involve  about 140  different  points   of  measurement  and  energy consumption of all  kinds, air emissions, water use,  land use, waste, procurement, population and cross  cutting and emissions issues.”

“All of this [carbon footprint reduction] is ultimately going to be mandated by codes here in New York City ... and really, that’s the best way to do it.”‐  Marc Valera, Fordham University

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One  of  the   most  significant  challenges  of  these programs   is   developing  goals   while   figuring  campus growth into the equation.  Christiansen says  “one of the biggest  challenges   for  the  University  of  Iowa   is anticipating  its  growth  in  building space over the next 10 years.  That is  certainly an energy  conservation challenge.   As we  grow, we need to make  sure we offset  that  growth and that demand for new energy in other  areas   of  our  organization.  And,  at  the   same  time,  provide energy  that ’s   rel iable,  safe, renewable  and  environmentally friendly.”

Another  common  issue associated with emissions  reduction is having the  manpower  to  execute   such plans.  Thompson  states,  “Our biggest  challenge  is  internal  resources,  particularly  on existing  buildings.    It  takes  quite  a  bit  of  manpower when you’re going after 7M SF in over 100 buildings.”

All  parties  agree  that  measuring  the  success  of  their initiatives  is  critical.    For  example,  St.  John’s  installed meters on every utility  system.   Anand says, “We want to make  sure that  there are real  measured results.    As we   make   our  upgrades,  we  measure   the   energy reduction and see where we came up short.”

Fordham has been benchmarking  emissions  along  the way while  Duke measures its  success  by  conducting an annual  carbon  inventory  assessment.    Each  of Duke’s strategies  has   a   different  target  of  reduction  and  a growth estimate figured in.    “We projected that out to 2024  to  show  our  targets  and  where we  are  on  the curve,” Thompson says.

Mitigating  the   challenges   of  these  programs  and tracking  their  success  demand  a  campus‐wide commitment.  Therefore,  it  is   essential   for  these institutions   to  inform  staff,  faculty,  students,  and  the community  as   a   whole  of  their  initiatives.  All universities  highlighted within have  sustainability  web sites  where  they  outline  their  goals,  strategies,  and results.    Fordham  also  implemented  an  online Web‐based  util ity  tracking  system  for  monitoring consumption, cost, carbon footprint, and budgets. 

St.  John’s   Anand  emphasized  the  importance  for institutions   to  have  their  entire  campus  communities 

actively  engaged  in  establishing  programs   while simultaneously  developing new practices  that will  help reduce   their  carbon  footprint.    One  such  program recently  initiated  on  the  University’s  Queens  Campus 

focused  simply  on  changing behavior.    Students  living  in  the Residence  Village’s   six  separate dormitories   used  a   web‐based application in a  competition to see who  could  achieve  the   most significant energy  reduction over  a two‐week  period.    The  program will  continue to be available online so  that  resident  students   can continue to monitor and optimally reduce their use of electricity.

St.  John’s  also  offers   various c o u r s e s   i n  s u s t a i n a b i l i t y, encouraging  students   to  have   a 

broader  perspective.    “Our  mindset  is   that,  once students  have  the basics,  they  become  informed  and responsible citizens moving forward”, says Anand.

While  these   colleagues  represent  a   small   sample   of universities  and  colleges  that  are  executing  emissions reduction plans,  their efforts and challenges  are similar to  those  of  higher  education  institutions   across   the country.  Developing  and  implementing  an  effective, comprehensive   program  takes  planning,  constant efforts and consistently   monitored results.   When one goal  is  met, a  new goal is created.   “Going green”  is  an initiative that will have no end ‐  it will  be a continual process   as  renewable  resources   and  technologies progress.

“Our mindset is that, once students 

have the basics, they become informed and responsible citizens moving forward.”‐  Brij Anand, St. John’s University

- Sami Barry performs Strategic Market Development for Helbling & Associates and has been with the firm since 1994.

She is a member of the International Facility Management Associationʼs Pittsburgh Chapter as well as the Green Building

Alliance of Pittsburgh.

To subscribe to Helbling’s quarterly newsletter, visit our home page at www.helblingsearch.com and click on the green button on the bottom right.

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Plan Initiated:2007

Program:PlaNYC 2017

Goal:30% reduction in carbon emissions by 2017

Energy Strategy:Capital infusion of $25M for infrastructure upgrades“Greening campus buildings through ventilation, 

heating, lighting & “high performance” window glass

Measurement:Meters on all utility systems

Results Thus Far:25% reduction in consumption

Future Considerations:Cogeneration facility

Solar

Plan Initiated:   2005

Program:    PlaNYC 2017

Goal:   30% reduction in carbon emissions by 2017

Energy Strategy: Targeting projects with greatest emissions reductions

Updating controlsSwitching to natural gas

Measurement:  Benchmarking emissions

Results Thus Far:   21% reduction in carbon emissions

Future Considerations:   Cogeneration facility

   Solar

St. John’s U

niversity

Ford

ham U

niversity

Plan Initiated:In progress

Developing plan that will address:Sustainability literacy among students and staff

Renewable energy developmentCarbon footprint reduction 

Energy conservationWaste diversion

Metrics will be based upon ones developed by University of Michigan which include:

Energy consumptionWater and land use

Air emissionsProcurementCross cutting

Waste diversion

University of Io

wa

Plan Initiated:2009

Program:  American College & University Presidents’ Climate 

Commitment 

Goal:   Carbon Neutral by 2024

Energy Strategy:Reducing energy in existing buildings

Striving for LEED plus for all new buildingsFuel switching

Measurement:  Annual Carbon Inventory Assessment

Results Thus Far: 75% reduction in coal usage

Future Considerations: Cogeneration facility

BiomassBiogasSolar

Thermal

Duke

 University