IntroductionCalcium hydroxide was originally introduced

to the field of endodontics in 1920 as a pulp-capping agent, but its uses today are widespread in endodontic therapy.

-Introduction-Forms-Advantages-Disadvantages-properties-Its uses

Forms1st form: liquid + suspended in a solvent.2nd form: paste + suspended in

methylcellulose. In these first two forms material are used like a

varnish.

-Introduction-Forms-Advantages-Disadvantages-properties-Its uses

Forms3rd form: 2-paste system (catalyst and base) +

ingredients such as zinc oxide and calcium phosphate.

A catalyst is present to cause calcium hydroxide to react and form a hard, amorphous compound within matter of min under oral condition.

4th form: contains a polymer resin that can be hardened by illumination.

-Introduction-Forms-Advantages-Disadvantages-properties-Its uses

AdvantagesInitially bactericidal then bacteriostatic.Promotes healing and repair.High pH ( pH= 11 ) stimulates fibroblasts. Neutralizes low pH of acids.Stops internal resorption.Inexpensive and easy to use.

-Introduction-Forms-Advantages-Disadvantages-Properties-Its uses

Disadvantagesdoes not exclusively stimulate dentinogenesisdoes exclusively stimulate reparative dentin.Associated with primary tooth resorption.May dissolve after one year with cavosurface

dissolution.Does not adhere to dentin or resin

restoration.

-Introduction-Forms-Advantages-Disadvantages-Properties-Its uses

PropertiesCOMPONENTS:Compound 1 and 2= paste with calcium

hydroxide ,lc resin and polyphenolics.p/l or p/p ratio= 1 compound.setting reaction= acid base reaction.

-Introduction-Forms-Advantages-Disadvantages-Properties-Its uses

PropertiesSTRUCTURE:arrangement= amorphous matrix, crystalline

fillers.Bonding= covalent; ionicComposition= multiphaseDefects=pores, cracks

-Introduction-Forms-Advantages-Disadvantages-Properties-Its uses

PropertiesPHYSICAL PROPERTIES:LCTE= lowThermal conductivity= insulatorElectrical conductivity= insulator

-Introduction-Forms-Advantages-Disadvantages-Properties-Its uses

PropertiesCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:Solubility- 0.3-0.5

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES:Elastic mod=588Compressive strength >24 hr=138

BIOLOGIC PROPERTIESBiocompatible

-Introduction-Forms-Advantages-Disadvantages-Properties-Its uses

Uses:1) Calcium hydroxide- as intracanal

medicament Most commonly used. It also plays a major

role as an intervisit dressing in the disinfection of the root canal system.

Saturated Calcium hydroxide solution mixed with a detergent is an effective antimicrobial agent suitable for irrigation.

-Introduction-Forms-Advantages-Disadvantages-Properties-Its uses

Uses:2) Calcium hydroxide- as endodontic

sealer: * One major concern is that the calcium

hydroxide content dissolve, leaving obturation voids.

Uses:3) Calcium hydroxide as pulp capping

agent

Calcium hydroxide

Necrotic tissue

Vital Inflamed tissue

Uses:4) Calcium hydroxide in apexificationthere is also deposition of calcified tissue

adjacent to the filling material. the calcified material is continuous with lateral root surfaces.

The closure of apex may be partial or complete but consistently has minute communications with the periapical tissue.

Uses:5) Calcium hydroxide in pulpotomy It is the most recommended pulpotomy

medicament for pulpally involved vital young permanent tooth with incomplete apices.

Uses:Internal resorption may result from :- overstimulation of the primary pulp by the

highly alkaline calcium hydroxide metaplasia within the pulp tissue formation of odontoclasts.

- Also undetected microleakage could allow large numbers of bacteria to overwhelm the pulp and nullify the beneficial effects of calcium hydroxide.

Uses:6) Calcium hydroxide in weeping canals“weeping canal”It happens because pH of periapical tissues is

acidic in weeping stage which gets converted into basic pH by calcium hydroxide.

In these cases tooth with exudates is not ready for filling. For such teeth dry the canals with sterile absorbant paper points  and place calcium hydroxide in canal.

???

Thank You