Building an EmpireBuilding an Empire

ImperialismImperialism ImperialismImperialism- Stronger - Stronger nations attempt to nations attempt to create empires by create empires by dominating weaker dominating weaker nations – nations – economically, economically, politically or militarily. politically or militarily. (Expansionism)(Expansionism)

Justification Justification of of ImperialisImperialismm

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism – the – the nation’s with the best nation’s with the best technology will survivetechnology will survive

‘‘White Man’s Burden’-White Man’s Burden’- wealthy “advanced” wealthy “advanced” nations have a duty to nations have a duty to civilize and Christianize civilize and Christianize “backward” people“backward” people

Achieve Achieve Military and Military and PoliticalPolitical “Glory” “Glory”

Reasons For Reasons For ImperialismImperialism

Raw materialsRaw materialsNew markets New markets InvestmentsInvestmentsNavy basesNavy basesCitizens are Citizens are

encouraging expansionencouraging expansion

HawaiiHawaii By the 1890’s By the 1890’s populated with U.S. populated with U.S. planters and planters and missionaries. At the missionaries. At the request of U.S. citizens, request of U.S. citizens, U.S. Marines overthrow U.S. Marines overthrow Queen Lili (Liliuokalani). Queen Lili (Liliuokalani). She fails to restore She fails to restore Hawaiian control.Hawaiian control.

AlaskaAlaska Secretary of State Secretary of State William Seward bought William Seward bought Alaska for $7 million Alaska for $7 million from Russiafrom Russia

Seward’s FollySeward’s FollySeward’s iceboxSeward’s icebox

Causes of Causes of Spanish Spanish American American WarWar

18981898

Yellow journalism- Hearst Yellow journalism- Hearst and Pulitzer encourage the and Pulitzer encourage the war with news storieswar with news stories

In 1895 Cubans revolt In 1895 Cubans revolt against harsh conditions against harsh conditions especially on sugar especially on sugar plantations. Spanish move plantations. Spanish move Cubans into prison camps.Cubans into prison camps.

DeLome letter – insults DeLome letter – insults Pres. McKinley (weak)Pres. McKinley (weak)

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Spanish Spanish American American WarWar

The Maine explodesThe Maine explodes Havana HarborHavana Harbor 260 U.S. 260 U.S.

sailors killedsailors killed ““Remember the Maine and Remember the Maine and

kill Spain” kill Spain” T.R. & the Rough Riders in T.R. & the Rough Riders in

CubaCuba John Hay,Sec of State - “The John Hay,Sec of State - “The

Splendid little War” Splendid little War” Manila BayManila Bay in the Philippines in the Philippines

taken by Adm. Deweytaken by Adm. Dewey

Results of Results of Spanish Spanish American American WarWar

Teller Amendment – 1898 U.S. Teller Amendment – 1898 U.S. will not control Cubawill not control Cuba

Cuba becomes a ‘protectorate’Cuba becomes a ‘protectorate’ A new constitution is written A new constitution is written

includes:includes: Platt amendment –Platt amendment –

US has the right to send/return US has the right to send/return troops (military intervention)troops (military intervention)

Cuba can not make agreements Cuba can not make agreements with foreign countries endangering with foreign countries endangering its independenceits independence

US gets Guantanamo BayUS gets Guantanamo Bay

PhilippinePhilippiness

Emilio AquinaldoEmilio Aquinaldo – leader – leader of the Philippines of the Philippines independence movementindependence movement

InsurrectionInsurrection: Aquinaldo : Aquinaldo had been supported by the had been supported by the U.S. against Spain now U.S. against Spain now rebels against the USA.rebels against the USA.

3 years to end the 3 years to end the insurrectioninsurrection

Philippines under U.S. Philippines under U.S. control until 1946control until 1946

U.S. as a U.S. as a World World PowerPower

China 1899 Sec of State John Hay China 1899 Sec of State John Hay asks for an “asks for an “Open Door Policy”Open Door Policy” access for all countries to trade in access for all countries to trade in ChinaChina

1900 U.S. sends troops to put 1900 U.S. sends troops to put down down Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion

Asia 1905 TR mediates treaty to Asia 1905 TR mediates treaty to end the Russian Japanese War – end the Russian Japanese War – TR wins a Nobel Peace PrizeTR wins a Nobel Peace Prize

Great White FleetGreat White Fleet – TR sends 16 – TR sends 16 battleships around the world as a battleships around the world as a sign of power and forcesign of power and force

RoosevelRoosevelt t CorollarCorollaryy

An addition to the An addition to the Monroe Monroe DoctrineDoctrine

TR tells Europe to stay out of TR tells Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere – the Western Hemisphere – U.S. will be the police forceU.S. will be the police force & & will aid Latin American will aid Latin American countries if troublecountries if trouble

““Walk softly and carry a Big Walk softly and carry a Big Stick”Stick”

Seen as a bully by Latin Seen as a bully by Latin AmericaAmerica

Panama CanalPanama Canal 1901 U.S. takes over 1901 U.S. takes over

French program to build French program to build the canalthe canal

Walter Reed: yellow fever Walter Reed: yellow fever from mosquitoesfrom mosquitoes

1914 the canal is 1914 the canal is completedcompleted

Costs $400 million plus Costs $400 million plus $25 million for and $25 million for and $250,000 per year to rent$250,000 per year to rent

1999 Panama Canal 1999 Panama Canal returned to Panama- returned to Panama- treaty made by Pres. treaty made by Pres. CarterCarter

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy

President Taft uses President Taft uses diplomatic efforts diplomatic efforts to encourage and to encourage and protect American protect American investments in investments in foreign countriesforeign countries

Wilson continues ImperialismWilson continues Imperialism

Sends troops to Sends troops to Haiti in 1915 – an Haiti in 1915 – an American American ProtectorateProtectorate

Purchases the Purchases the Virgin Islands in Virgin Islands in 1917 from 1917 from DenmarkDenmark

Key People for ExpansionKey People for Expansion

Teddy Roosevelt – Teddy Roosevelt – Assistant secretary of the Navy – orders Dewey Assistant secretary of the Navy – orders Dewey

to attack the Philippinesto attack the Philippines Fought in the Spanish American WarFought in the Spanish American War

Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough RidersTeddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders

Henry Cabot Lodge & Alfred BeveridgeHenry Cabot Lodge & Alfred Beveridge Pro imperialist senatorsPro imperialist senators

Alfred MahanAlfred Mahan Author who promotes the idea that a strong Author who promotes the idea that a strong

navy is key to being a powerful nationnavy is key to being a powerful nation