Imperialism Imperialism

IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM

The policy of setting up The policy of setting up colonies & building up colonies & building up empires by dominating empires by dominating

another nation politically, another nation politically, economically, & socially economically, & socially

- Ambition - Industrial Revolution- Need Resources- Need Trading Markets

- Religion - Nationalism

•England •Italy •France•Germany

• U.S.A • Portugal • Belgium

By 1914 the continent By 1914 the continent of Africa was almost of Africa was almost entirely controlled by entirely controlled by European imperial European imperial powers.powers.These powers looked These powers looked to control the to control the economy, society, and economy, society, and government of the government of the conquered peoples. conquered peoples.

How were European How were European powers able to gain powers able to gain control of most of control of most of

Africa? Africa?

What is Imperialism?What is Imperialism?The policy of setting up The policy of setting up

colonies & building up colonies & building up empires.empires.

Countries look to extract resources & spread Countries look to extract resources & spread their culture.their culture.

Imperial nations convinced themselves Imperial nations convinced themselves that what they were doing was positive that what they were doing was positive

for everyone involved.for everyone involved.

Main Idea – Technological superiority allowed European nations to dominate non-developed areas and establish global empires.

Good? or Good? or Evil?Evil?

Why did it start?Why did it start?

Nationalism

Industrial Revolution

Religion

Why did it start?Why did it start?

Industrial Revolution

Increased need for

Resources

Nations did not have enough

resources in their own country Forces to look

elsewhere for resources

Nations competed for

colonies

Industrial Nations

produced so many goods

that they needed new

markets

Why did it start?Why did it start?

Nationalism

Extreme pride in their country led

them to want more power

More colonies = More Power

Industrial Nations

competed for colonies

Why did it start?Why did it start?

White Man’s Burden

Westerners felt it was their duty to “civilize” the

“backwards” people of the

world

Westerners viewed anyone with different

religion & life as “backwards”

Mission = Spread Mission = Spread Christianity & the Christianity & the

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Why did it start?Why did it start?

Nationalism

Industrial Revolution

Religion

Industrial Powers race to Industrial Powers race to coloniescolonies• Christian Christian

MissionariesMissionaries were were the first “explorers” the first “explorers” of Africa’s interiorof Africa’s interior

• Belgium sent Belgium sent representatives to representatives to negotiate with negotiate with African chiefsAfrican chiefs– Contracts were in Contracts were in

EnglishEnglish– Those who Those who

refused were shotrefused were shot– Chiefs were Chiefs were

forced to give up forced to give up their land their land

In the 1870s, European powers looked to fully colonize Africa. The map shows how Imperialist nations divided the continent.

Berlin Conference – 1884-Berlin Conference – 1884-8585

• To avoid conflict with one To avoid conflict with one another in Africa, European another in Africa, European leaders met in Berlin, leaders met in Berlin, Germany. With little regard or Germany. With little regard or representation for native representation for native Africans, the European Africans, the European powers set about carving up powers set about carving up Africa. Africa.

Liberia & Ethiopia were the only independent African Nations

Berlin Conference Berlin Conference

•The following guidelines The following guidelines were set at the conferencewere set at the conference–Any sovereign power Any sovereign power which wanted to claim any which wanted to claim any territory should inform territory should inform the other powers “in the other powers “in order to ... make good any order to ... make good any claim of their own.” claim of their own.”

Berlin ConferenceBerlin Conference

–Treaties with African Treaties with African rulers were to be rulers were to be considered a valid title considered a valid title to to sovereigntysovereignty..

–Any such annexation Any such annexation should be validated by should be validated by effective occupation. effective occupation.

• Created problems Created problems between African tribesbetween African tribes

• Forced ethnic groups Forced ethnic groups into same nationinto same nation

• Destroyed African Destroyed African cultureculture

• In many parts, In many parts, segregation & class segregation & class system based on color system based on color were introduced were introduced

• Africa has yet to Africa has yet to recover recover corruption, corruption, instability, violence & instability, violence & authoritative regimes authoritative regimes are commonare common

ASIAASIAWhose Next?Whose Next?

British Imperialism in IndiaBritish Imperialism in India MAIN IDEA – The Sepoy Mutiny

resulted in the British gaining full control of India.

Prior to 1850, Chinese & Japanese rulers allowed only limited trade with the West. European powers

turned attention on India

INDIAINDIA Background

• 1700 Once powerful Mogul Empire was falling apart

• 1760s England won the French-Indian War; forcing France out of India

• British East Indian Company took over trading in India

• Company controlled much of India for 100-years

• British forced their culture on India

Prior to 1850, Chinese & Japanese rulers allowed only limited trade with the West. European

powers turned attention on India

Who is this person? Who is this person?

The grandmother of EuropeThe grandmother of Europe

Queen Victoria of England

• Reign - June 1837 to January 1901

• Period of rule known as the Victorian era

• Ruled during peak of Industrial Revolution

• Expanded British Empire

• Ruled over most powerful nation in the world

What does she have in What does she have in common with these bad guys? common with these bad guys?

International Drug SmugglerInternational Drug Smuggler • Oversaw a major drug-Oversaw a major drug-

trafficking criminal trafficking criminal organization organization

• Very few current drug Very few current drug cartels can even touch the cartels can even touch the England of the 19England of the 19thth Century Century

• England shipped England shipped tons tons of of opium into China, which it opium into China, which it traded for Chinese goods traded for Chinese goods and for tea.and for tea.

• Created a nation filled Created a nation filled with drug addicts with drug addicts

Queen Victoria of England Queen Victoria of England

Opium Wars Opium Wars

The British East India The British East India Company smuggled opium Company smuggled opium into China, ignoring local into China, ignoring local

laws. China fiercely resisted laws. China fiercely resisted the sale of opium & pleaded the sale of opium & pleaded

for Britain to stop. for Britain to stop.

-Britain won-China forced to give up trading post-China unable to hold foreigners accountable under Chinese laws

•Two wars fought •England easily defeated China•Greatly weakened China •Lin Zexu led movement against sale of opium

Opium War: China v. Opium War: China v. England England

China Response to Pressure from the China Response to Pressure from the WestWest

Main Idea – Western economic and militaristic pressures forced China to open to

foreign trade and influence.

CHINACHINAGeneral BackgroundGeneral Background• Divided into 2-social classesDivided into 2-social classes

– Upper & Lower ClassUpper & Lower Class– Family most importantFamily most important– Arranged marriages Arranged marriages – First born son looks after parents First born son looks after parents

• Great Civilization Great Civilization • Produced all of wants and needsProduced all of wants and needs• Rich in resourcesRich in resources

Prior to 1800, China had limited contact with the West and allowed limited trade with foreign

powers. They viewed Western culture as barbaric.

British look to increase British look to increase tradetrade1800s1800s

After years of imbalanced trading with After years of imbalanced trading with China, England looked to find a product China, England looked to find a product that Chinese were willing to purchase.that Chinese were willing to purchase.

British Traders discovered that Opium British Traders discovered that Opium Trade Trade == Large ProfitsLarge Profits

• British traded Opium for tea & silk British traded Opium for tea & silk LARGE PROFITSLARGE PROFITS

Chinese officials learned about the dangers of opium & looked

to declare it illegal.

Response to Pressure from the Response to Pressure from the WestWest

Warm Up Warm Up A VOICE FROM THE PAST

By what right do they [British merchants] . . . use the poisonous drug [opium] to injure the Chinese people? . . . I have heard that the smoking of opium is very strictly forbidden by your country; that is because the harm caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries.

LIN ZEXU, quoted in China’s Response to the West

Why did Lin Zexu oppose the Opium trade with Britain? Explain.

Opium War (1839-1842)Opium War (1839-1842)• Chinese banned opium Chinese banned opium

& destroyed shipments& destroyed shipments• WAR WAR 1839-1842 1839-1842• England wanted to protect England wanted to protect

their investmenttheir investment• ChinaChina

– Outnumbered BritishOutnumbered British– No cannons No cannons – Outdated NavyOutdated Navy

Outcomes

• British defeated the Chinese

• Signaled the end to Chinese self-rule

• Forced to open more ports

• Great Britain gained control of Hong Kong

Concessions Concessions toto Open Door Open DoorJapan, Russia, Germany, Great Japan, Russia, Germany, Great Britain, & FranceBritain, & France looked to get looked to get special trading rights in Chinaspecial trading rights in China

China forced to make concessionsChina forced to make concessions– Special Rights IncludedSpecial Rights Included

• Rights to develop mineral minesRights to develop mineral mines• Rights to build RailroadsRights to build Railroads• Rights to establish Navy BasesRights to establish Navy Bases• Leases to port cities Leases to port cities

• U.S.A is being left out of U.S.A is being left out of CHINACHINA

Concessions Concessions toto Open Door Open Door• U.S. felt that their

interests were being threatened

• U.S. Proposes Equal Trading Rights in China

• Policy called the OPEN DOOR POLICY

Concessions Concessions toto Open Door Open Door The U.S. proposes Open Door Policy The U.S. proposes Open Door Policy

(1900) (1900) •Major imperial powers agreed to respect trading rights

• Treaties were unequal & unfair to China

EFFECTS

Increased foreigners in China

China remained “free” from colonial rule

Japan eventually ignored Policy (1920s)

Boxer Rebellion (1900) Boxer Rebellion (1900) • Chinese nationalist movement looked to Chinese nationalist movement looked to

expel all foreignersexpel all foreigners• International Force of 20,000International Force of 20,000

– Soldiers from England, France, Germany, Soldiers from England, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan, and the U.S. Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan, and the U.S.

– Despite rebellion China remained weak & Despite rebellion China remained weak & divideddivided

– Number of foreigners increasedNumber of foreigners increased

Boxer Rebellion (1900) Boxer Rebellion (1900) • Movement failed Movement failed

& China fell & China fell almost almost completely in the completely in the control of foreign control of foreign nationsnations

• Strong sense of Strong sense of nationalism nationalism emergedemerged

• Qing Dynasty was Qing Dynasty was forced to accept forced to accept reforms (1911)reforms (1911)

Reviewing Key Ideas & Events Reviewing Key Ideas & Events A.A. What were the outcomes of the What were the outcomes of the

Opium Wars? Opium Wars?

B.B. Why did the Boxer Rebellion fail? Why did the Boxer Rebellion fail?