Monday, September 8, 2008Monday, September 8, 2008Do-NowDo-NowImperialism-Imperialism- a stronger a stronger

nations attempt to create nations attempt to create empires by dominating empires by dominating weaker nations—weaker nations—economically, politically, economically, politically, culturally, or militarily.culturally, or militarily.

Based on your impressions of Based on your impressions of modern US foreign policy, modern US foreign policy, would you claim the US is would you claim the US is imperialistic? Why or why imperialistic? Why or why not? Use examples.not? Use examples.

ObjectivesObjectivesTo become familiar with the To become familiar with the

concept of imperialism.concept of imperialism.To understand the reasons To understand the reasons

behind the imperialist behind the imperialist climate in the US in late climate in the US in late 1800s-early 1900s1800s-early 1900s

AgendaAgenda Do NowDo Now First Notebook CheckFirst Notebook Check Notes on ImperialismNotes on Imperialism

HomeworkHomework Read Chapter 17, Section 1 Read Chapter 17, Section 1

(pages 582-588) in your (pages 582-588) in your textbookstextbooks

Complete provided Complete provided worksheet (both sides!)worksheet (both sides!)

Bring your books in Bring your books in tomorrow, you will need tomorrow, you will need them for a debating them for a debating activity.activity.

Becoming a World PowerBecoming a World PowerAmerican ImperialismAmerican Imperialism

(1890-1915)(1890-1915)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJPFSNu_QNs

In the late 1800’s, as European nations In the late 1800’s, as European nations took over vast areas in Africa and took over vast areas in Africa and Asia, American leaders looked to Asia, American leaders looked to extend American Influence abroad.extend American Influence abroad.

Why?Why?

Reasons for growth of ImperialismReasons for growth of Imperialismfall into 4 categories:fall into 4 categories:

EconomicEconomic

NationalisticNationalistic

MilitaryMilitary

HumanitarianHumanitarian

Economic FactorsEconomic Factors

Result of Second Industrial RevolutionResult of Second Industrial Revolution– Growth of industry caused an increased Growth of industry caused an increased

need for natural resourcesneed for natural resources– Needed new markets for productsNeeded new markets for products– Needed to maintain open trade relationsNeeded to maintain open trade relations

NationalisticNationalistic

Competition for large empires amongst Competition for large empires amongst several nations resulted in nationalismseveral nations resulted in nationalism– This competition was a result of the need to This competition was a result of the need to

control many different economic marketscontrol many different economic markets

Military FactorsMilitary Factors

Advances in military technology produced Advances in military technology produced European armies and navies that were far European armies and navies that were far superior to those in third world nationssuperior to those in third world nations– Ex. Submarines, schrapnel, percussion caps, Ex. Submarines, schrapnel, percussion caps,

breech loading and cartridge firing rifles, and breech loading and cartridge firing rifles, and pistolspistols

– Growing navies required bases around the worldGrowing navies required bases around the world

Humanitarian FactorsHumanitarian Factors

Humanitarian and religious goals spurred Humanitarian and religious goals spurred imperialism imperialism – Believed had a duty to spread blessing of Believed had a duty to spread blessing of

Western CivilizationWestern Civilization LawsLaws MedicineMedicine ReligionReligion

Heroic Defender PersonaHeroic Defender Persona

Also… Anglo Saxon SuperiorityAlso… Anglo Saxon Superiority

““This powerful race will move down upon This powerful race will move down upon Mexico, down upon south and central Mexico, down upon south and central America, out upon the islands of the sea, America, out upon the islands of the sea, over upon Africa and beyond.”over upon Africa and beyond.”

““Can anyone doubt that the result of this Can anyone doubt that the result of this competition of races will be survival of the competition of races will be survival of the fittest?”fittest?”

Social Darwinism, RacismSocial Darwinism, Racism

European ImperialismEuropean Imperialism

Improved transportation and Improved transportation and communication made it easier for Great communication made it easier for Great Britain, France, & Russia to expandBritain, France, & Russia to expand

Germany joined the race in 1871 when it Germany joined the race in 1871 when it unifiedunified

By 1890, the US was eager to join the By 1890, the US was eager to join the competition.competition.

Reasons for Delay in Reasons for Delay in US ImperialismUS Imperialism

1796 President Washington warned the American 1796 President Washington warned the American People to “steer clear of permanent alliances” People to “steer clear of permanent alliances” with other countrieswith other countries

Nation’s rapid economic growth left little interest Nation’s rapid economic growth left little interest in foreign affairsin foreign affairs

Settlement of the West left little interest in foreign Settlement of the West left little interest in foreign affairsaffairs

Then… changesThen… changes

Need for a new frontierNeed for a new frontier Need for new markets to serve Need for new markets to serve

increased domestic productionincreased domestic production Competition changed the country’s Competition changed the country’s

moodmood Suddenly, many desired expansionSuddenly, many desired expansion

To grow economicallyTo grow economicallyTo protect American securityTo protect American securityTo preserve American spiritTo preserve American spirit

US Foreign Policy ChangesUS Foreign Policy Changes 1853 Commodore M.C. Perry convinces 1853 Commodore M.C. Perry convinces

Japan to open trade relations with USJapan to open trade relations with US 1860s US signs several treaties that 1860s US signs several treaties that

expand trade with Chinaexpand trade with China 1866 Sec. Of State, Seward sends troops 1866 Sec. Of State, Seward sends troops

to Mexico when France attempts a colonial to Mexico when France attempts a colonial ventureventure

1867 Seward buys Alaska from Russia1867 Seward buys Alaska from Russia 1867 Seward annexes the Midway Islands1867 Seward annexes the Midway Islands 1875 US signs treaty with Hawaii allowing 1875 US signs treaty with Hawaii allowing

them to sell sugar in US duty freethem to sell sugar in US duty free

Be careful what you wish forBe careful what you wish for Many Americans did not see themselves Many Americans did not see themselves

as potential rulersas potential rulers Wanted new markets abroad and Wanted new markets abroad and

favorable trade relationsfavorable trade relations– Discovered that political & military Discovered that political & military

entanglements followedentanglements followed US would soon find itself in difficult, US would soon find itself in difficult,

bloody, and foreign conflictsbloody, and foreign conflicts Chilean mobChilean mob Rebellion in BrazilRebellion in Brazil Confrontation with England over VenezuelaConfrontation with England over Venezuela Cuban RebellionCuban Rebellion Cuban Exiles take action into own handsCuban Exiles take action into own hands

Discuss: Taking A SideDiscuss: Taking A Side

““Americans are always Americans are always searching for a new searching for a new frontier.”frontier.”– What does this mean for other nations? What does this mean for other nations? – Why should one nation’s interests come Why should one nation’s interests come

before another’s?before another’s?– Does the end justify the means?Does the end justify the means?

HOMEWORKHOMEWORK

Read Chapter 17, Section 1 (pages 582-588) in Read Chapter 17, Section 1 (pages 582-588) in your textbooksyour textbooks

Complete provided worksheet (both sides!)Complete provided worksheet (both sides!)

Bring your books in tomorrow, you will need them Bring your books in tomorrow, you will need them for a debating activity.for a debating activity.

DAY 2DAY 2

Tuesday, September 9, 2008Tuesday, September 9, 2008Do-NowDo-Now RECALL: What factors RECALL: What factors

led to the growth of led to the growth of imperialism around imperialism around the world? List them.the world? List them.

Look at page 583 in Look at page 583 in your book. Why could your book. Why could you say “The sun you say “The sun never sets on the never sets on the British Empire”?British Empire”?

ObjectivesObjectivesTo recognize historic To recognize historic

examples of imperialism.examples of imperialism.ID ways the US began to ID ways the US began to

expand its interests abroad expand its interests abroad in the 1800sin the 1800s

AgendaAgenda Do NowDo Now Homework CheckHomework Check Notes / DiscussionNotes / Discussion Overseas Markets in the Overseas Markets in the

ClassroomClassroom

HomeworkHomeworkRead Chapter 17, Section 2 Read Chapter 17, Section 2

REVIEW & RECALLREVIEW & RECALL

What earlier events in US History What earlier events in US History could have fallen under imperialist could have fallen under imperialist goals?goals?

What reasons/policies/philosophies What reasons/policies/philosophies were used to defend these actions at were used to defend these actions at the time?the time?

A Few TermsA Few Terms ImperialismImperialism

Stronger nations attempt to create empires by Stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations—economically, dominating weaker nations—economically, politically, culturally, or militarilypolitically, culturally, or militarily

NationalismNationalismDevotion to one’s nation. Usually suggests that a Devotion to one’s nation. Usually suggests that a nation’s people believe themselves, their ideals, nation’s people believe themselves, their ideals, and their goals to be superior to those of other and their goals to be superior to those of other nations nations

AnnexAnnexTo join a new territory to an existing countryTo join a new territory to an existing country

Banana RepublicBanana RepublicA nickname for Central American nations at this A nickname for Central American nations at this time resulting from a successful fruit trade out of time resulting from a successful fruit trade out of Costa RicaCosta Rica

Pro-ImperialistsPro-Imperialists

Looked to new frontier to keep competitive Looked to new frontier to keep competitive edgeedge

Americans had a “frontier mentality”Americans had a “frontier mentality”– Scouting programsScouting programs

Need to gain access to foreign marketsNeed to gain access to foreign markets Strategic Military reasons (naval bases)Strategic Military reasons (naval bases)

– Great White FleetGreat White Fleet

Anti-ImperialistsAnti-Imperialists

Moral & Political ArgumentsMoral & Political Arguments– Expansionists behavior rejected nation’s Expansionists behavior rejected nation’s

foundation of “right to liberty”foundation of “right to liberty”– Constitution should follow flagConstitution should follow flag

Racial ArgumentsRacial Arguments– Racism: didn’t want to have to absorb Racism: didn’t want to have to absorb

anymore people of different racesanymore people of different races Economic ArgumentsEconomic Arguments

– Involved too many costsInvolved too many costs– Laborers from annexed territories would compete with Laborers from annexed territories would compete with

Americans for jobsAmericans for jobs

NationalismNationalism

Discussion – Discussion –

Nationalism affects identity. Does it Nationalism affects identity. Does it also discourage friendly inter-cultural also discourage friendly inter-cultural relations? Why or why not?relations? Why or why not?

Can you have a nationalist attitude Can you have a nationalist attitude without a sense of superiority?without a sense of superiority?

Opening trade relations with Japan.Opening trade relations with Japan.

SidenoteSidenote - - Art HistoryArt History Europeans who visited Japan in Europeans who visited Japan in

the 1850’s and 1860’s often the 1850’s and 1860’s often returned with Japanese Art.returned with Japanese Art.

Wall scrolls were marked by Wall scrolls were marked by clear, well-defined lines, a clear, well-defined lines, a spare layout, and flat, bold spare layout, and flat, bold colors.colors.

Impressionist painters, Impressionist painters, including Monet, Degas, and including Monet, Degas, and Toulouse-Lautrec collected Toulouse-Lautrec collected Japanese art and applied these Japanese art and applied these techniques to their own work.techniques to their own work.

Cultural effects of opening trade Cultural effects of opening trade relations with Japan.relations with Japan.

ImperialismImperialism

Reasons for Reasons for ImperialismImperialism– EconomicEconomic– NationalisticNationalistic– MilitaryMilitary– HumanitarianHumanitarian

Reasons for US Reasons for US ExpansionExpansion– Promote Economic GrowthPromote Economic Growth– Promote American Promote American

SecuritySecurity– Preserve American SpiritPreserve American Spirit

** Americans did not see ** Americans did not see themselves as potential themselves as potential rulers like Europeans, they rulers like Europeans, they just wanted new markets just wanted new markets & good trade relations& good trade relations