Automotive fuel cell grade hydrogen – … TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD Automotive fuel...
Transcript of Automotive fuel cell grade hydrogen – … TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD Automotive fuel...
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD
Automotive fuel cell grade
hydrogen – requirements and
cost issues
MARANDA seminar
9.10.2017, Espoo, Finland
Jaana Viitakangas
211/10/2017 2
Automotive fuel grade hydrogen
US DoE 2015 Fuel Cell Technologies Market Report, August 2016,
https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/10/f33/fcto_2015_market_repor
t.pdf
Scandinavian Hydrogen
Highway Partnership
http://www.scandinavianhy
drogen.org/shhp/h2-
stations/
H2stations.org
https://www.netinform.de/H2/H2Stations/H2Statio
ns.aspx?Continent=EU&StationID=-1
H2 mobility
http://h2-mobility.de/en/h2-mobility/
FCEV report, IHS Markit, 2016
http://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/automotive/global-hydrogen-
fuel-cell-electric-vehicle-market-buoyed-oems-will-launch-1
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Automotive fuel grade hydrogen – requirements
ISO 14687-2:2012: H2 fuel for road vehicles
Impurity
Level in ISO 14687-
2:2012 (ppm(V))
Hydrogen fuel index 99,97 %
Total non-hydrogen gases 300
Water (H20) 5
Total hydrocarbons (Methane basis) 2
Oxygen (O2) 5
Helium (He) 300
Total nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar) 100
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 2
Carbon monoxide (CO) 0,2
Total sulphur compounds (H2S basis) 0,004
Formaldehyde (HCHO) 0,01
Formic acid (HCOOH) 0,2
Ammonia (NH3) 0,1
Total halogenated compounds 0,05
Max. particulate concentration 1 mg/kg(H2)
Problem of ”total”: a
comprehensive list of
compounds needed
Too tight limits due to the lack
of valid measurements (with
representative conditions)
Problem of measurement: no
traceable approach
Adequate limits
required for
competitive pricing!
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Automotive fuel grade hydrogen – cost
H2
QA
(analysis)
€
€
€
€
€
€
HRS
Currently, the ISO 14687 considers mainly the contaminants from the production process,
and lacks proper consideration of possible impurities from transportation and station.
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Automotive fuel grade hydrogen – cost
H2 fuel quality assurance
Proper H2 fuel QA is required to secure
sufficient quality to avoid impurity induced incidents
Public acceptance
Too tight H2 fuel QACost of H2 fuel
Market penetration
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Automotive fuel grade hydrogen
VTT competence
Hydrogen impurity studies in miniature
automotive-alike test-bench
Studies of the effect of impurities on FC since
2013 (EU funded projects HyQ, HyCoRA,
HYDRAITE)
HyCoRA: HCHO & HCOOH limits could be 200
and 100 x the current ISO limit
Measurement in relevant conditions
Only a very small effect was seen due to 2 ppm
HCHO or 20 ppm HCOOH
Change of standard together with Japanese
results
240 min
~ 15 mV
6.0
H2
2.5
H2
6.0 H2
~1.6 ppm HCHO 2.0
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Automotive fuel grade hydrogen
VTT competence
Currently starting to work
Impurities and the effect of impurities possibly deriving
from LOHC
Impurities and the effect of impurities possibly deriving
from H2 delivery chain, especially from HRS
H2
H2
HRS
811/10/2017 8
Acknowledgements
HyCoRA project: The research leading to these results has received funding
from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)
for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative under grant
agreement n° 621223.
http://hycora.eu/
Thank you