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Flow Diagram 

• A flow diagram is a graphical means of presenting, describing, or analyzing a process &

movement of material, men etc.

• This is done with the help of all five symbols which represent steps in a chain of steps.

• These all symbols are connected to other one by lines and arrows which represent

sequence and dependency relationships (i.e., X must be done before can be done!.

Objectives Of Flow Diagram 

• The flow chart indicates the sequence of events they do not only show the movement of 

men, material etc but the path of movement can be better visualized by a flow diagram.

• "low diagram is drawn to scale.

• #t shows the relative position of machines, $igs, fi%ture, etc and mar the paths followed

 by men and material.

• 'istance between two locations is indicated in flow diagram.

 Steps in drawing a Flow Diagram 

• 'raw to scale the plan of the wor area.

• ar the relative position of machine tools, benches, store, racs, inspection tables etc.

• "rom the different observations, draw the actual movement of the material or worer on

the diagram.

• #ndicate the direction of movement.

• ar the distances between consequence two locations.

  Types of Flow Diagrams"ollowing types of flow diagrams are used)

• *utline process flow chart (*+!

• "low process chart, which can be further divided into three types)

an type

aterial type

-quipment type• ultiple activity chart lie man and machine chart

• #* chart

  Outline Process Flow Chart (OPC

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An outline process chart is a process chart which gives an overall view of a process by

recording only the main operations and sequences in proper sequence. o, it is obvious

that such a chart requires only symbols for /*perations0 and /inspection0. A brief note of 

the nature of each inspection and operations is written alongside the symbol. Allowed

time where ever, nown, can also be added.

 !"ample*utline process chart for assembly of two plates with rivets is shown. As it is clear, only

operations and inspection are considered here.

  Flow Process Chart 

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A flow process chart is a chart of all the activities involved in a process.

#t is similar to an operations process chart, e%cept that more detail is shown by including

transportations and delays as well as operations, inspections, and storages.  1ot usually used for entire assemblies, it is used for $ust one component (or operator!.

Add in information on2

 i! *peration duration (time to complete!. ii! 'istance traveled (for transport operations!.

3ood for showing savings of a new method.

+rocess charts summarizes the whole process.

They are used to compare the e%isting and the proposed methods.

+rocess is observed, who, what, where, when, and how questions are ased.

-very detail is understood and the chart of the e%isting situation is drawn.

 

Common Symbols

 Division of Flow Process Chart 

"low process chart can be further divided into three types)

 #an type (4ecords what the worer does!

 #aterial type (4ecords what happens to material!

 !$uipment type (4ecords how the equipment is used!

  !"ample of #an type Flow Process Chart *perator +rocess hart (also called Two %anded Process Chart ! for assembly of an

electric tester.

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  !"ample of #aterial type Flow Process Chart  *peration 2 3ear anufacturing

+art number 2 35# 67

ethod 2 +resent

harted by 2 8.1. ittal

Approved by 2 A.. +rasad

'ate 2 69.:.;

   #an #achine Chart 

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A worer5machine chart is used for recording and analyzing the woring relationship

 between operator and machine on which he wors. #t is drawn to time scale. Analysis of 

the chart can help in better utilization of both worer and machine time. The possibility

of one worer attending more than one machine is also sought from the use of this chart.

 !"ample*ne operator operating two machines.

 S&#O Chart 

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A #* hart is another 8eft5<and 4ight5<and chart with the difference that it is drawn

to time scale and in terms of basic motions. #t is used when the wor cycle is highly

repetitive and of very short duration.

 !"ampleAssemble lamps and =olts.

Flow Diagrams 7