The Renaissance

Presented by : Group 1

The Italian Renaissance►Renaissance rebirth►Italian Renaissance rebirth of ancient

Greek & Roman worlds►Characteristics

Secular Urban society (City-states) Age of Recovery New view of human ability & worth

Origins of the Renaissance►European trade with Asia increased

during the 1300s.►2. Italian merchants organized much of

this trade.►3. Trade cities in Italy grew wealthy.►4. They competed to create works that

would increase the prestige of their cities.

Venice

GenoaMilan

Origins of the Renaissance (cont)

►5. Florence became a center for banking, art, culture, and literature.

►6. Cosimo de’ Medici wanted to makeFlorence the most beautiful city.

►7. The Renaissance began in Italy andspread throughout Europe.

Important City-States of the Renaissance

►Florence

►Rome►Venice►Genoa►Milan

Genoa Towers,

PalazzoContarinidel Bovolo,Venice

Façade andbell tower,Santa Mariadel Fiore,Florence

Comunegi Milano,Milan

Italian City States – Not yet the nation of ITALY

Italian Trade Routes – Notice the impact on Italy

Each Italiancity-state hadits own wealthyruler.

Florence►Center of art,

literature, and culture.

► Florence became wealthy from the manufacturing of wool.

► Later Florence became the banking center of Italy.

►The Medici family were the greatest bankers in Florence.

Florence

►The Renaissance started in Florence and spread throughout Europe.

►Competition between the Italian city-states led to advances in literature, architecture, art, music, science, and education.

Medici Family►Ruled Florence, 13th 17th Centuries►Aimed to make Florence the most

beautiful city in the world – Became Patrons of the Arts. Commissioned artist (incl. da Vinci, Raphael & Michelangelo)

►Lorenzo (The Magnificent) – created peace among Italian states, ended w/his death, 2 years later FR invades

Rome

►Home of the Catholic Church

►Popes commissionedfamous artists and architects to beautify Rome. Michelangelo,Raphael, and Botticelli all produced major works in Rome.

Rome►The popes employed the best artists and architects of the Renaissance to build and decorate the most opulent churches in in the world.

►Michelangelo designed the finest example of Renaissance architecture in Rome, the Piazza del Campidoglio (bottom left). He also designed the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica (bottom right).

Venice►Venice was the wealthiest

city-state of the Renaissance.

► It was a port city on the Mediterranean.

►Venice maintained hundreds of merchant ships and warships, and thousands of sailors.

Genoa►Genoa is located on

the Mediterranean.►Genoa was one of two

main port cities in Italy during the Renaissance.

►Genoa was one of the wealthiest city-states of the Renaissance.

►Dominated trade in the Mediterranean

Genoa Harbor

Milan►Milan dominated the inland

trade routes because it was the gateway to Italy from the north.

►Milan is the site of Santa Maria delle Grazie, the cathedral where Leonardo da Vinci painted The Last Supper in the dining hall.

Niccolo Machiavelli ► IT philosopher, diplomat, poet, musician, playwright..►Best known for The Prince – realist politics

Rulers should behave like a lion (aggressive and powerful) and at other times like a fox (cunning and practical)

“The Ends Justify the Means” “It was better to be feared than to be

loved” All this done to keep peace and stabilize

power►1st to publicly suggest immoral behavior for

govt stability

Renaissance Society►Strict Class society

Nobility – most powerful, but smallest group►Strict rules and expectations►Born not made or earned

Townspeople►Wide range of wealth, from rich to poor►Provide goods & services

Peasants – weakest, but largest group►More freedoms as serfdom decreased►Mainly lived in rural areas, so were least

impacted by Renaissance

The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance

Italian Renaissance Humanism

►Stressed that man was the center of the universe and had dignity and value

►Humanism – intellectual movement based on the classics Study – grammar, rhetoric (debate),

poetry, philosophy & history (the Humanities)

►Ren Educations – based on humanism Goal – create complete citizens

►Vernacular Literature – written in common lang Dante, Chaucer, Pizan

Petrarch: “Father of Humanism”

►Petrarch was a scholar and poet who was responsible for the recovery of manuscripts and works of Greek and Roman writers.

►He traveled throughout Europe recovering manuscripts of Cicero and other Roman authors that had been lost in monastery libraries.

►Petrarch, like other writers of the time, wrote in Latin.

Francesco Petrarch

Dante Alighieri► “Father of the Italian

Language”►Wrote The Divine Comedy.►The Divine Comedy is

considered one of the greatest works of Italian and world literature.

►Dante was first to write in the vernacular, the language used in everyday life. Until his time, all European literature was written in Latin.

Dante Alighieri

Insert scanned table

The Artistic Renaissance in Italy

►Rome became the center of Renaissance art in the 1500s. Pope Alexander VI: most notorious of the

Renaissances popes; spent huge sums on art patronage.

►3 Masters of the High Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Raphael

►Sculpture & Architecture are include in Renaissance Art, both drew from Greek & Roman influenences

New Artistic Techniques

►Fresco – watercolor on fresh plaster

►Law of Perspective

►Study of human anatomy

►GOAL – imitate nature

From Michelangelo’s Sketch Book

Remember these guys?Leonardo

Michelangelo

Raphael

Donatelo

Leonardo da Vinci

►Master of realism & perspective

►Studied human anatomy (cadavers) to be as accurate as possible

►Sculptor, painter, astronomer, inventor – a true “Renaissance Man”

Leonardo da Vinci

The Last Supper

A page from one of da Vinci’s notebooks, he “coded” his work by writing backwards. He could read it, but most other people would need a mirror to read it.

Raphael Santi►1 of the top Renaissance painters►Especially known for his “Madonna's” –

paintings of Mary the mother of Jesus►A major artist in the Vatican

Madonna of the Meadows

Madonna del Granduca

Raphael Santi

School of Athens - fresco in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican.

Thought to be Raphael’s masterpiece.

Raphael Santi

The bracketed names are the contemporary characters from whom Raphael is thought to have drawn his likenesses. 6: Pythagoras? 7: Alexander the Great? 12: Socrates? 13: Heraclitus (Michelangelo) 14: Plato holding the Timaeus (Leonardo da Vinci) 15: Aristotle holding the Ethics? 16: Diogenes of Sinope? 17: 18: Euclid or Archimedes with students 20: Ptolemy? R: Apelles (Raphael)

Michelangelo Buonarroti►Painter, sculptor and architect►Most famous for work in Vatican City

Vatican City

St. Peter’s Bascillica (large domed building) – designed by Michelangelo

(St. Peter’s Square – designed by Bernini)

Michelangelo

Well known for his frescoes in the Sistine Chapel.

The ceiling illustrates the stories of the Book of Genesis

The Creation of Adam

The Last Judgement

On the Alter Wall of the Sistine Chapel.

Michelangelo, the sculptor

The Pieta – marble statue of a crucified Jesus being held by his mother Mary.

In St. Peter’s Basilica.

Michelangelo, the sculptor

David – carved from one piece of marble from 1501 to 1504.

Said to be proportionally perfect, though David is 17 feet tall

Architecture► Architectural design

returns to the classical styles of Rome and Greece.

► Public buildings, homes and villas are designed using Greek and Roman architectural styles.

► Renaissance buildings feature columns, domes, and vaulted ceilings.

► Brunelleschi designs the first domed building.

► Perspective becomes important in architecture.

BrunelleschiThe Basilica diSanta Maria del Fiore,Florence, alsocalled the Duomo.

Donato BramanteSt. Peter’s Basilicain Vatican City.Started in 1506;Completed in 1626.

The Printing Press► Johannes Gutenberg was a

German goldsmith and printer.

► Gutenberg was the first to develop movable type. This allowed for mass production of books.

► Gutenberg’s invention revolutionized book-making in Europe.

► Gutenberg was the key figure in spreading the Renaissance.

► His invention of movable type is still considered the most important invention in history.

IMPACT►Much easier to

publish books► Increased literacy►1450-1500, 20

million books printed covering 35,000 topics

►Vernacular Literature – written in common language Dante, Chaucer,

Shakespeare

Writers of the Renaissance

►With the printing press. books become more affordable and more people (mostly wealthy) learn to read

►Dante, Petrarch and Machiavelli were all important writers of the time

►But there were more…

New Words Abound…Alligator Laughingstock

WorthlessCritical Lonely ZanyEquivocal LuggageEyeball Manager Eyesore PukeGloomy Torture

But where did they come from?

William Shakespeare►Shakespeare is considered

the greatest writer and dramatist of all time.

►Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet, Merchant of Venice, Julius Caesar, A Midsummer’s Night Dream, Henry IV, Henry V, Much Ado About Nothing, Twelfth Night, Hamlet and more.

►Shakespeare wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two narrative poems, and other poems.

“All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players there, they have their exits and their entrances, and one man in his time plays many parts….”William Shakespeare

Shakespeare►William Shakespeare (1564-1616)–

Elizabethan era Greatest of English Renaissance authors His work reflected the Renaissance ideas of

classical Greek and Roman culture, individualism and humanism

Wrote comedies, tragedies, histories and sonnets

Known for the “timelessness” of his work Close to 300 movies and TV adaptations have

been made of Shakespeare’s work (e.g. Ten Things I Hate About You, a rendition of The Taming of the Shrew)

Contributions of the Renaissance► Invention of the Gutenberg Press

►The banking industry►Exploration, colonization of world►Expansion of trade►Humanism, individual is the center of the

universe►Reintroduction of Greek and Roman

knowledge and philosophy►Gateway to modern art forms►Expansion of Greek and Roman architecture

and sculpture► Increased scientific knowledge, and desire

to know more

Quiz!

► 1 - 4. Give the 4 important cities that helped widen the idea of the Renaissance

► 5. What is the meaning of renaissance► 6. It is the home of the Catholic Church► 7. The wealthiest city-state of the renaissance► 8. They are the weakest but largest group► 9. He is the Father of Humanism► 10. He is the father of the Italian language► 11 – 12. Give 2 famous artworks by Leonardo da

Vinci► 13 – 14. 2 famous artworks by Michelangelo► 15. Give one more famous renaissance painter