Andrew Laing PhD - Massachusetts Institute of … Laing PhD Energy and the changing workplace....

Andrew Laing PhD Energy and the changing workplace

Copyright 2008 DEGW. All rights reserved.

Offices account for 25% of total CO2 emissions in the US

1 Energy-related CO2 generation only as reported by the Energy Information Agency, Department of Energy, 2007 Energy Outlook; and from Department of Transportation, 2007National Household Transportation Survey;

The workplace and sustainability 6 Billion Metric Tons1 of CO2 equivalents are produced in the US annually


Changing work styles Mobility of work within and outside the office

time of day ©DEGW 2008


The Taylorist Office the consequence of the late Nineteenth Century discovery of ‘Scientific Management’

The Social Democratic Office the consequence of Post Second World War social and economic reconstruction

The Networked Office the consequence of robust, reliable, ubiquitous early Twentieth First Century Information Technology

Frank Duffy, Work and the City, 2008

Three office typologies


Larkin Building

Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Date: 1906

Taylorist


Social Democratic

Centraal Beheer Amersfoort, The Netherlands

Architect: Herman Hertzberger Date: 1974


Networked

BBC Worldwide London

Architect: DEGW Date: 2008

Team Anchor

Creative Resident

Networker

Leadership

Resid

ent

Mob

ile W

orke

r


Technological developments are enabling people to be increasingly mobile, both inside and outside the office

ARRIVE AT MOBILE BASE

CHECK-IN GO TO LOUNGE

INTERACT WITH COLLEAGUES

DEPART

Opportunity 1 More external and internal mobility


Wireless and IP telephony make it easier to achieve planning flexibility by zoning office activities, allowing far greater freedom in space planning

Opportunity 2 Zoning activities


Ubiquitous networks are likely to have a big impact on the ways in which we use time as well as space

Opportunity 3 New conventions in the use of time and space


Distributed working will make it possible for people to balance work and life in different, more convenient ways

Opportunity 4 Better life/work balance


Shared space is growing as a proportion of the space budget. The area given over to individual workstations is declining

Opportunity 5 More shared rather than individually owned space


Knowledge Systems e.g. VPN/Intranet e.g. Home/office

©DEGW 2002

private protected access

individual or collaborative workspace

privileged invited access

collaborative project and meeting space

public open access

informal interaction and workplace

VIRTUAL PHYSICAL

e.g. clubs, airport lounges

e.g. café, hotel lobbies airports (Bryant Park New York)

Knowledge communities e.g. IM, project extranets, video conference

Internet sites e.g. public chat rooms, information sources,

Space environment model

Andrew Harrison, The Distributed Workplace, 2004


Assigned spaces Flex spaces

Total residents

Metric Tons of CO2 per resident per

year3

Traditional assigned space model1 640 0 640 9.2

Flex space model2 400 220 850 6.9

Difference -240 +220 +210 -2.3

Not having to house 210 people in other buildings saves 2,000 MT of CO2 per year – the equivalent emissions of driving a car 5.5 million miles

1 Planning using conventional workplace standards where everyone has assigned space regardless of how much they use it 2 Planning where employees who choose to would take better support for mobility in exchange for using flex rather than assigned space 3 Based on a baseline emissions of 5,880 MT of CO2 in 2007

Flex-space approach will intensify use and drive down per capita energy-related emissions


The average employee commutes for 1 hour and 20 minutes (or 46 miles) per day.

That’s 3.9 Metric Tons of CO2 per person per year

If there are 450 “flex” workers in the future who are better equipped to work anywhere, each might reasonably work remotely once a week1, thereby saving:

360 Metric Tons of CO2 total per year

1 Based on benchmark studies of flex workplaces (excluding telework programs) implemented over the past 3 years.

Greater flexibility will also drive down commuting-related emissions


Annual savings from flex space model:

Annual savings from reduced commuting

Combined annual savings

2,000 Metric tons

360 Metric tons

2,360 Metric tons + =

By comparison, a planned photovoltaic array at the site will reduce annual CO2 by

348 Metric tons

Total CO2 savings potential by adopting a flexible workplace strategy


Changing role of the office

Attracting/retaining the right people

Reinforcing corporate values in an increasingly transient workforce

Cultural integration across local and global communities

Supporting distributed work and driving space harder

Morgan Stanley, DEGW

Google, DEGW

Importance of place in a virtual world Reinforce identity and provide financial, functional, physical flexibility


saving money

managing unpredictable headcounts

energizing culture

new patterns of live/work

business responsiveness

carbon footprint/sustainability

Andrew Laing PhD - Massachusetts Institute of … Laing PhD Energy and the changing workplace....

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