ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

DURING DISASTER

SHARON A J15-MVM-044DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY

COMMUNICATION

Communication (from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to share)

The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium.

DURING A DISASTER

Communication plays an integral role in disaster management.

Response and Recovery phase needs more information and communicative means.

All conventional methods of communication including telephone, Radio, and Television could be down during a Disaster

CASE STUDY NEW YORK CITY WORLD TRADE CENTER ATTACK

During the September 11 attack in 2001, traditional telecommunications were stretched and overloaded. Phone networks along the entire East Coast were congested into uselessness.

Communications between emergency services personnel were limited by a lack of interoperability between departments.

Many fire-fighters died when the towers collapsed because they couldn't receive the warning that the police officers received from the New York City Police Department (NYPD) helicopters.

HURRICANE KATRINA

When Hurricane Katrina, a Category 5 hurricane, hit New Orleans, the emergency communications systems were completely destroyed, including power stations, internet servers, mobile phone towers, and 911 services.

The Federal relief workers' satellite phones weren't interoperable, even when they did work.

A few AM radio stations were able to continue broadcasting throughout the storm, notably WWL Radio, which remained on the air by broadcasting from a closet.

Amateur radio was instrumental in the rescue process and maintained signals when 911 communications were damaged or overloaded

ATTRIBUTES OF EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Time efficiency and speed AffordabilityUser friendlyTwo way communication

ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION MODES

INFRASTRUCTURE INDEPENDENT 1.SHORT WAVE RADIO 2. TWO WAY RADIO 3. WEATHER RADIO 4. SATTELITE COMMUNICATION

INFRASTRUCTURE DEPENDENT 1.AUDIO PUBLIC ADRESS SYSYTEM 2.LED ELECTRONIC SIGNS 3.DIGITAL SIGNAGE 4.GIANT VOICE SYSYTEMS

RADIO WAVES

Radio waves are transmitted based on Earth’s ionosphere which makes them the perfect candidate when it comes to communicating during the worst scenarios of natural disasters.

Short-wave radio which can be used to transmit messages to anyone who has the required equipment to receive.

A long rage Communication system via radio waves, it can be the device that saves many lives when there’s nothing else around.

WEATHER RADIO

This device turns on automatically when there is an emergency broadcast describing hurricane ,tornadoes and its magnitude and emergency actions to be taken letting everyone know there is a bad weather alert.

TWO-WAY RADIO

operates on a several miles range and consists of two devices capable to send and receive messages.

They are quite small and very easy to use First responders prefer to have them in their kit.

AUDIO PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS

A system which can provide audio messaging capability, usually consisting of microphone devices, wiring, and speakers installed in public areas of buildings.

These systems may be vulnerable to electrical disruption or any other event which results in the wires being severed or disconnected.

L.E.D. ELECTRONIC SIGNS

LED Signs are able to communicate effectively in loud environments where audio PA systems can be ineffective.

LED electronic signs use light-emitting diodes to display messages when connected over a network to an emergency communication system.

DIGITAL SIGNAGE

Digital signage monitors are capable of displaying high-resolution videos, pictures, multimedia presentations, text and other high-definition media.

Typically digital signage can provide video, audio, presentation graphics and web page content abilities that can support the communication of an emergency.

GIANT VOICE SYSTEMS

A system focused on providing auditory messaging capability for large outdoor areas,

project voice and sounds over large distances, without the need for a large number of speakers.

These systems are commonly used on military bases and chemical manufacturing plants.

Certain familiar coded sounds used for warning.

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Catastrophic events such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods and/or fire are usually followed by general madness and the lack of a working communication system makes things even worse.

Immediate communication is needed for rescue teams and emergency responders to meet using satellites and satellite systems.

Satellites wont be affected during a Disaster

SMOKE SIGNALS/FLARES

The smoke signal is one of the oldest forms of long-distance communication. It is a form of visual communication used over long distance.

A flare gun is a firearm that launches flares. It is typically used for signalling, as distress signalling, for people at sea or from the ground to aircraft.

EMERGENCY-ORIENTED INSTANT MESSENGERS AND COMPUTER

SCREEN POP-UPS Personal computer instant messengers is a popular and inexpensive

technologies by which to deliver emergency communications to broad or specific audiences in a short period of time.

With this technology, emergency communications will "pop up" on the personal computer screens as a new window that sits on top of any other window that may be open on the screen at the time.

SOCIAL MEDIA

Facebook Twitter whatsapp

Facebook has emerged as an important source of reaching out for help for many people in Chennai.

Users have been posting status messages about friends, family, who are caught in affected areas and in need of rescue or medical help.

Whatsapp has helped people in distress broadcast messages over an active network and to help send locations of the affected people in disaster.

# cyclone hudhud oct 2014 damges caused send by first responders (Andhra Pradesh)

NDRF (National Disaster Response force) collected important vital information from the social media posts and these data were streamlined to the recue team to identify the homes and people in distress

#Chennai floods 2015

CONCLUSION

Emergencies place demands on communication processes that are often significantly different from the demands of non-emergency circumstances

Emergency communication systems often provide or integrate those same notification services but will also include two-way communications typically to facilitate communications between emergency communications staff, affected people and first responders in the field