Alexander’s Empire Chapter 5 Section 4. Key Terms Philip II Macedonia Alexander the Great ...
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Transcript of Alexander’s Empire Chapter 5 Section 4. Key Terms Philip II Macedonia Alexander the Great ...
Alexander’s EmpireChapter 5Section 4
Key Terms Philip II Macedonia Alexander the Great Darius
Philip Builds Macedonian Power Macedonia- located
just north of Greece Lived in mountain
villages and not city-states
Thought of themselves as Greeks
Greeks looked down on them as uncivilized
Philip’s Army 359 Philip II becomes
king of Macedonia Brilliant general and
ruthless politician Well trained army
Organized into phalanxes of 16 men across and 16 deep
Each had a 18 foot pike Used fast moving
cavalry to crush opponents
Conquest of Greece Demosthenes tried
to warn Greeks about Philip
338 BC Macedonia defeats Greece
City-states retained self government
Greece under control of Philip
Conquest of Greece Philip wanted to
invade Persia 336 BC stabbed and
killed at his daughter’s wedding
Alexander became king
Over the next 13 years would be known as Alexander the Great
Alexander Defeats Persia 20 years old when he
became king Taught by Aristotle Learned to ride a horse Command troops Thebes rebelled
Alexander destroyed the city
Killed 6,000 Thebans Survivors sold into slavery Used Thebes as an
example
Invasion of Persia 334 BC uses 35,000
troops 40,000 Persians Met a Grancius River Alexander charged
and defeated the Persians
Darius III-Persian king vowed to crush the invaders
Invasion of Persia 50-75,000 Persians to
face Macedonians Outnumbered Alexander
orders his troops break through a weak point
Army charged straight at Darius
Darius fled followed by his army
Alexander had control over Anatolia
Conquering the Persian Empire Darius tried to
negotiate a truce Alexander rejected the
offer and announced he would conquer the whole Persian Empire
Alexander marched into Egypt in 332 BC
Welcomed as a liberator and crowned pharaoh
Conquering the Persian Empire Founded Alexandria at
the mouth of the Nile Left Egypt for
Mesopotamia 250,000 Persians Fought near ancient
Nineveh Massive phalanx and
cavalry charges crumble Persian lines
Alexander occupies Babylon
Alexander in India Ruled southwest Asia 326 BC Alexander
and his army reached the Indus Valley
Indian army blocked his path
After 11 years and 11,000 miles Alexander agreed to turn back
Alexander in India 323 BC army reaches
Babylon Alexander announces
an organization to his empire
Constructs cities, roads, harbors and conquer Arabia
Alexander get sick and dies at age 32
Alexander’s Legacy Alexander’s generals
fought to control the empire
3 leaders won out Antigonus- Macedonia
and Greek city-states Ptolemy-took title of
pharaoh Selecus-took most of
old Persian Empire Governed with complete
power ignore democracy
Alexander’s Legacy Alexander adopted
Persian dress Married a Persian
women Included Persians
and other peoples in his army
New culture emerged a blend of Greek and Eastern customs