Frida Purwanti

ADAPTASI BIOTA LAUT

DEFINITION

• An adaptation is a physical, physiological or behavioral characteristic that has developed to allow an organism to better survive in its environment

• Adaptations are the result of evolution, and may occur when a gene mutates, or changes by accident

• That mutation causes the organism to better survive and reproduce, and it passes on that trait to its offspring. It can take many generations to develop an adaptation

ADAPTATIONS FORM

• Structural

eq. thick, impermeable shells to reduce water loss and radiation effects

• Behavioural

eq. seeking small crevices for shelter to reduce the drying effects of the wind

• Physiological

eq. an ability to lower metabolic rates during exposed periods to minimise oxygen

consumption

In group of 31. find another examples for each

form2. find another examples to some

environmental factors

TASK 1

Bentuk mulut & gigi ikanBentuk ekor

- Tube worm msk kedalam tube- Ikan paus mengambil oksigen ke permk- Kamuflase

- Banyak minum air- Mengembungkan badan

Throughout the oceans, marine organisms must deal with several things :

• Regulating salt intake • Obtaining oxygen • Adapting to water pressure • Dealing with wind, waves and changing

temperatures • Getting enough light

Pada hewan dan tumbuhan tingkat rendah tekanan osmosisnya kurang lebih = tekanan osmosis air laut sehingga tidak terlalu mengalami kesulitan untuk beradaptasi

Pada hewan tingat tinggi, seperti ikan yang mempunyai tekanan osmosis jauh lebih rendah daripada tekanan osmosis air laut

Cara adaptasi :

• banyak minum• air masuk ke jaringan secara osmosis melalui usus• sedikit mengeluarkan urine• pengeluaran air terjadi secara osmosis• garam-garam dikeluarkan secara aktif melalui insang

ADAPTASI TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN BERKADAR GARAM TINGGI

FISH ADAPTATIONS

• Gills take oxygen out of the water so that the fish can "breathe" underwater. (Many other marine organisms, like shrimp and sea slugs also have gills.)

• Most fish have a streamlined shape as well as a tail and fins to help them move easily and quickly through the water

• A swim bladder (or the liver) helps the fish control its buoyancy and stay at a certain depth

MARINE MAMMALS

Mammals do not have gills and cannot breathe underwater; however, they can hold their breath for long periods of time. Some seals can hold their breath for 45 minutes and some whales can hold their breath for over an hour

Most marine mammals have either tails or webbed feet and their "arms" have evolved into flippers. Their bodies also have a streamlined shape

Mammals are warm-blooded and need insulation to keep their body temperature from dropping. They have either a thick layer of blubber (fat) or very thick fur

COMMON ADAPTATION OF INTERTIDAL ORGANISMS

• Larger shell volume allows more water storage to allows some species to resist desiccation longer

• Mussels close up when the tide goes down

• Limpet & chiton clamp down to avoid desiccation

• Crabs store water in gill chambers and can move to concealed areas or into the water if necessary

• Anemones close up & secrete mucous

• Echinoderms move into tide pools

SOME SPECIALIZED ADAPTATIONS

1. Camouflage

2. Venom or poison, stinging cells

3. Armor

4. Specialized Appendages: fins, tentacles, claws, etc

5. Symbiotic relationships in which both organisms benefit

1. CAMOUFLAGE

Many ocean organisms use camouflage to ambush prey or to hide from predators

2. VENOM OR POISON, STINGING CELLS

Jellyfish have tentacles that hang down from its bell. The tentacles contain stinging

cells called nematocysts that stun or paralyze prey

3. ARMOR

The Reef Lobster's hard shell protects it

The Porcupine fish puffs up and sharp spines stick out when it is disturbed or frightened

4. SPECIALIZED APPENDAGES

The graceful Eagle Ray has elongated fins that act like wings helping it to glide and "fly" through the water

5. SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS

In symbiotic relationships, each organism benefits from the other

The benefit can be protection from predators, the removal of parasites or diseased tissue or can be a source of food for one or both organisms

Cari contoh lain & keuntungan yg didapat dari siombiosis biota laut

TASK