3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE

7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE

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Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE)

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The 5 Golden Rules

1. Before using any crop protection product, always read its label

and make sure you understand all safety needs

2. Handle crop protection products carefully at all times to avoidcontact or contamination

3. Maintain sprayers well, fixing, for example, any leaks beforestarting an application.

4. Practice good personal hygiene

5. Use appropriate protective clothing as last line of defence andnot to become careless and increase exposure risks.

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Avoiding exposure risks

Reduce potential contamination through the adoption of good workingpractices:

Always fix leaking sprayers before use. Use nozzles that produce largest drop size advised by label.

(Equipment that produce finer droplets are more likely to causecontamination)

Higher water volume rates are inherently safer than those moreconcentrated. Use within label stated ranges.

Use spraying equipment that meets the FAO recommended specifications.

Always direct the spraying nozzle downwind.

Avoid spraying in very windy conditions. Avoid walking through vegetation that has just been sprayed.

Immediately wash any splashes of undiluted product from the skin and eyes.

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Exposure Studies

Most operator contamination is likely during the mixing processand if using leaking application equipment.

Most contamination during spraying was on the hands, due toleaking trigger assemblies.

Study of Malathion use in greenhouse tomatoes

K. MACHERA1, M. GOUMENOU, E. KAPETANAKIS, A. KALAMARAKIS

and C. R. GLASS

Pesticide Outlook 2002 edited Professor G Matthews

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Exposure Studies cont.

Product absorption rates through bare skin of operators will vary with location on

body and the condition of the skin. Scratches and sores absorb more productthan unbroken skin.

Studies identify not just how much exposure is likely but where, too.

Location on body Relative absorption through bare skin: %

Forearm 8.6

Palm of hands 11.8 Ball of foot 13.5

Abdomen 18.4

Scalp 32.1

Forehead 36.3

Ear canal 46.5 Genitalia 100

Source: University of Florida IFAS Extension

In general - where skin is thinner and where that area has major blood suppliesthen the greater the rate of absorption.

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PPE: Label Information

Every product label will identify the protective equipmentrequirements for both measuring/mixing as well as for application. This information is shown as pictograms to help total

understanding by all product users, and is grouped into the following

activities.

Mixing liquids Mixing solids Application

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PPE: Use of pictograms that help ensure product safety

Use gloves Use face visor Wash hands Use apron

Use boots Use dust mask Use respirator Use coverall

Note: Gloves and boots are tucked into coveralls

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Pictogram for an example of a WHO Class II product

(moderately hazardous)

Harmful

Keep Locked

away

Use long sleevedshirt and long

trousers

wear glovesWhen

handling

concentrate Use face

shield

Wear boots

When

spraying

Wear long

sleeved shirt and

long trousers

Wear boots

Wash after use

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PPE can vary with products and their use

Lower risk of exposure

Higher risk of

exposure

Medium risk of exposure

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PPE Storage and maintenance

Always store protective equipment separately from crop protectionproducts.

Wash gloves, aprons, boots and face shields after use.

Wash spray clothing separately from domestic washing.

Change respirator filters following the manufacturers guidelines.

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PPE: Typical key items

Spraying diluted product solutions:

Boots or non permeable footwear

Coverall, 2 piece suit or long sleeved shirt & long trousers

Broad brimmed hat

For preparing undiluted products also use:

Gloves: Nitrile gloves give best protection Face shield or goggles

Apron

Respirator - needed for volatile products or as shown on thelabel

PPE required by local legislation will be shown on the label

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PPE: Self made equipment

Use plastic bags to replace gloves. Usethese once. Dispose following best practice.

Apron can be made out of a heavy dutyplastic sack. Visor can be made out of an empty clear

plastic drinks bottle and string.

If commercially made gloves, visors or

aprons are not available then, at least:

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Standard (minimal) PPE for body protection when spraying

diluted products

Work Clothes consisting of long sleeved

shirt and long trousers

or

Work Clothes as above but used only forpesticide application

or

2 piece suit specifically designed for use as

PPE or

Coverall specifically designed for use as

PPE

Least

Better

Preferred

Preferred

Order of preference from least to preferred:

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PPE: Further safety considerations when mixing & loading

Factors reducing risks:

Formulation type

Water soluble bags

Low acute tox/irritation Closed transfer system

Small quantities handled

Factors increasing risks:

High acute toxicity/irritation

Solvent based formulations

High vapour pressure

Poor equipment choice/use

Inappropriate container size/type

Standard PPE =Normal Work Clothes

(long sleeved shirt, long trousers)+ Boots

+ Gloves

+ Eye Protection (goggles or face

shield)

+ Dust mask (dry formulations only)

Always read label and follow label recommendations

Standard PPE + extra protection =+ Coverall (double layer)

+ Apron

+ Respiratory protection

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PPE: Safety considerations when spraying

Factors reducing risks:

Tractor mounted sprayer

Well maintained knapsack sprayer

Knapsack spraying with nozzle below waist

height

Tractor with cab

Small area to treat

Spot treatment

Bare soil treatment

Factors increasing risks:

Leaking knapsack

Spraying with nozzle above head height

High crops (tree crops, cotton,...)

Spray gun use in tree crops overheadGlasshouse [confined] crops

Frequent, long term, users who are inadequately

trained

Product characteristics (e.g. High dermal

absorption, volatility,...)

Standard PPE = Standard PPE + Extra protectionNormal Work Clothes +/- Coverall (Double layer)

(Long sleeved shirt, long trousers) +/- Poncho (Partial double layer)+ Boots +/- Gloves

+/- Broad brimmed hat

+/- Eye protection

+/- Respiratory protection

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PPE: Tractor mounted, trailed and self-propelled sprayers

Care should be taken to avoid contamination of the driving cab.Take off potentially contaminated clothing and equipment beforegetting in the cab.

The sprayer should be fitted with compartments to seperately storecontaminated and non contaminated clothing and equipment.

Modern sprayers are normally fitted with a clean water supply topermit washing of gloves and hands.

Note also:

Sprayers often fitted with low level induction bowls for productloading safety.

Sprayers often have remote controls such as on/off, hydraulic lift

and fold in part to reduce operator expposure. Nozzles often bayonet fitted to multi holder systems to reduceexposure time when making changes to them.

PPE requirements may be different for knapsack sprayer operators!

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Remember

PPE: Mixing and loading

Boots (non absorbent shoes) Must

Coverall or 2 piece suit or long- Mustsleeved shirt & long trousers

Gloves Must

Face shield/goggles Must

Face mask when handling dusts Must

Apron Recommended

During mixing and loading, your hands are at highest risk forcontamination

Always follow label recommendations

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Remember

PPE: Spraying field and row crops

Spraying field crops with nozzle up to waist height:

Boots


Spraying row and field crops with nozzle above waist height:

Boots Coverall, 2 piece suit or long sleeved shirt & long trousers

Broad brimmed hat

Eye protection

Most common route of exposure is through the skin Always follow label recommendations

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Remember

PPE: Cleaning spray equipment

Boots


Gloves

Face shield or goggles

Clean equipment preferably in an unsprayed area of the field justtreated

Make sure that streams and water courses are not contaminated Neverpour pesticides or washings into sewers, drains, ditches or

rivers

Always follow label recommendations

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Remember

PPE: Properties of gloves

Gloves made of nitrile, rubber or Neoprene are suited for most crop

protection products. Natural rubber gloves do not provide sufficient protection. When used

with solvents such as those in emulsifiable concentrates (ECs) theybecome damaged.

Leather, or any other absorbent, gloves are not suitable

Gloves must be worn at mixing and loading or applying granules byhand

Always wash gloves before taking them off Replace gloves regularly

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PPE: Properties of coveralls / suits

Two (2) piece suits, e.g. long-sleeved shirt and long trousers aregenerally more comfortable than coveralls in tropical agriculturaluse conditions

Use suits which allow easy movement and good air circulation

Ensure pockets have cover flaps to avoid spray drops/liquidentering and accumulating

Buttons or zips must be covered by flaps

Sleeves and legs should have adjustable closurescontinued.

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PPE: Properties of coveralls / suits cont.

The textile used should be air permeable

Cotton or polyester/cotton blends are appropriate for mostconditions of use

The heavier the fabric, the better inherent protection properties

For woven fabrics, twills are preferable to plain weave

Stitches should be firm and dense to avoid penetration of spraydrops/liquids

..continued

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PPE: Properties of coveralls / suits cont.

Wash coverall / 2 piece suit regularly, separate from familywashing

Strictly follow washing instructions of the manufacturer tomaintain protection properties

Limited use PPE must be replaced regularly as indicated by themanufacturer

Note:

Exposed, unprotected skin poses highest risk when applying cropprotecting chemicals

Using safe knapsack sprayers after loading the product then thelower parts of the body [arms, legs, chest and abdomen] present thehighest potential for exposure

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PPE: Respirators and dust masks

Always wash gloves and hands before removing dust masks andrespirators.

Make sure you select the appropriate respiratory protector to meetany hazards described on the products label.

Several recognised standards govern respiratory protectors: The outer packaging should describe the designed uses. Respirators fitted with replaceable filter canisters. Check that the fitted

filters are suitable.

Change dust masks and filters in line with the manufacturers

specifications or sooner or if the item becomes contaminated

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Removal of PPE

When removing PPE when wearing gloves, always washthe gloves before starting. Remove all articles of PPE

before finally removing the gloves.

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Further reading

http://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-

dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-

products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdf

http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/PI008

http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ageng/safety/ae1107w.htm#respiratory

http://www.protectepi.com.br/_ing/

http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/47/1/61

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http://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/PI008http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ageng/safety/ae1107w.htmhttp://www.protectepi.com.br/_ing/http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/47/1/61http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/47/1/61http://www.protectepi.com.br/_ing/http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ageng/safety/ae1107w.htmhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/PI008http://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdf


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Trainer notes

1. Have examples of PPE to demonstrate.

2. Have examples of product labels with contrasting PPE needs.

3. Demonstrate removing gloves without contaminating the skin.

4. Demonstrate the manufacture of a face shield from a PET bottle.

5. Make an apron from a fertiliser sack6. Consider demonstrations using a water solution of a safe [food

additive] dye and a leaking knapsack sprayer - to show where

spray gets onto operator [wearing a white coverall and white linen

gloves]. Or use UV tracer.

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Questions

1. Explain the meanings of the WHO pictograms.

2. What are the basic requirements when the nozzle is spraying

below waist height.

3. What steps can be taken to reduce the risk of product

exposure when a) mixing and loading b) when using a handheld sprayer.

4. What aspects of spraying increase the risk of contamination

and often require extra PPE?

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3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE

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