7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
1/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
1 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
2/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
The 5 Golden Rules
1. Before using any crop protection product, always read its label
and make sure you understand all safety needs
2. Handle crop protection products carefully at all times to avoidcontact or contamination
3. Maintain sprayers well, fixing, for example, any leaks beforestarting an application.
4. Practice good personal hygiene
5. Use appropriate protective clothing as last line of defence andnot to become careless and increase exposure risks.
2 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
3/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Avoiding exposure risks
Reduce potential contamination through the adoption of good workingpractices:
Always fix leaking sprayers before use. Use nozzles that produce largest drop size advised by label.
(Equipment that produce finer droplets are more likely to causecontamination)
Higher water volume rates are inherently safer than those moreconcentrated. Use within label stated ranges.
Use spraying equipment that meets the FAO recommended specifications.
Always direct the spraying nozzle downwind.
Avoid spraying in very windy conditions. Avoid walking through vegetation that has just been sprayed.
Immediately wash any splashes of undiluted product from the skin and eyes.
3 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
4/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Exposure Studies
Most operator contamination is likely during the mixing processand if using leaking application equipment.
Most contamination during spraying was on the hands, due toleaking trigger assemblies.
Study of Malathion use in greenhouse tomatoes
K. MACHERA1, M. GOUMENOU, E. KAPETANAKIS, A. KALAMARAKIS
and C. R. GLASS
Pesticide Outlook 2002 edited Professor G Matthews
4 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
5/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Exposure Studies cont.
Product absorption rates through bare skin of operators will vary with location on
body and the condition of the skin. Scratches and sores absorb more productthan unbroken skin.
Studies identify not just how much exposure is likely but where, too.
Location on body Relative absorption through bare skin: %
Forearm 8.6
Palm of hands 11.8 Ball of foot 13.5
Abdomen 18.4
Scalp 32.1
Forehead 36.3
Ear canal 46.5 Genitalia 100
Source: University of Florida IFAS Extension
In general - where skin is thinner and where that area has major blood suppliesthen the greater the rate of absorption.
5 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
6/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE: Label Information
Every product label will identify the protective equipmentrequirements for both measuring/mixing as well as for application. This information is shown as pictograms to help total
understanding by all product users, and is grouped into the following
activities.
Mixing liquids Mixing solids Application
6 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
7/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE: Use of pictograms that help ensure product safety
Use gloves Use face visor Wash hands Use apron
Use boots Use dust mask Use respirator Use coverall
Note: Gloves and boots are tucked into coveralls
7 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
8/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Pictogram for an example of a WHO Class II product
(moderately hazardous)
Harmful
Keep Locked
away
Use long sleevedshirt and long
trousers
wear glovesWhen
handling
concentrate Use face
shield
Wear boots
When
spraying
Wear long
sleeved shirt and
long trousers
Wear boots
Wash after use
8 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
9/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE can vary with products and their use
Lower risk of exposure
Higher risk of
exposure
Medium risk of exposure
9 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
10/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE Storage and maintenance
Always store protective equipment separately from crop protectionproducts.
Wash gloves, aprons, boots and face shields after use.
Wash spray clothing separately from domestic washing.
Change respirator filters following the manufacturers guidelines.
10 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
11/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE: Typical key items
Spraying diluted product solutions:
Boots or non permeable footwear
Coverall, 2 piece suit or long sleeved shirt & long trousers
Broad brimmed hat
For preparing undiluted products also use:
Gloves: Nitrile gloves give best protection Face shield or goggles
Apron
Respirator - needed for volatile products or as shown on thelabel
PPE required by local legislation will be shown on the label
11 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
12/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE: Self made equipment
Use plastic bags to replace gloves. Usethese once. Dispose following best practice.
Apron can be made out of a heavy dutyplastic sack. Visor can be made out of an empty clear
plastic drinks bottle and string.
If commercially made gloves, visors or
aprons are not available then, at least:
12 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
13/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Standard (minimal) PPE for body protection when spraying
diluted products
Work Clothes consisting of long sleeved
shirt and long trousers
or
Work Clothes as above but used only forpesticide application
or
2 piece suit specifically designed for use as
PPE or
Coverall specifically designed for use as
PPE
Least
Better
Preferred
Preferred
Order of preference from least to preferred:
13 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
14/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE: Further safety considerations when mixing & loading
Factors reducing risks:
Formulation type
Water soluble bags
Low acute tox/irritation Closed transfer system
Small quantities handled
Factors increasing risks:
High acute toxicity/irritation
Solvent based formulations
High vapour pressure
Poor equipment choice/use
Inappropriate container size/type
Standard PPE =Normal Work Clothes
(long sleeved shirt, long trousers)+ Boots
+ Gloves
+ Eye Protection (goggles or face
shield)
+ Dust mask (dry formulations only)
Always read label and follow label recommendations
Standard PPE + extra protection =+ Coverall (double layer)
+ Apron
+ Respiratory protection
14 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
15/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE: Safety considerations when spraying
Factors reducing risks:
Tractor mounted sprayer
Well maintained knapsack sprayer
Knapsack spraying with nozzle below waist
height
Tractor with cab
Small area to treat
Spot treatment
Bare soil treatment
Factors increasing risks:
Leaking knapsack
Spraying with nozzle above head height
High crops (tree crops, cotton,...)
Spray gun use in tree crops overheadGlasshouse [confined] crops
Frequent, long term, users who are inadequately
trained
Product characteristics (e.g. High dermal
absorption, volatility,...)
Standard PPE = Standard PPE + Extra protectionNormal Work Clothes +/- Coverall (Double layer)
(Long sleeved shirt, long trousers) +/- Poncho (Partial double layer)+ Boots +/- Gloves
+/- Broad brimmed hat
+/- Eye protection
+/- Respiratory protection
Always read label and follow label recommendations 15 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
16/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE: Tractor mounted, trailed and self-propelled sprayers
Care should be taken to avoid contamination of the driving cab.Take off potentially contaminated clothing and equipment beforegetting in the cab.
The sprayer should be fitted with compartments to seperately storecontaminated and non contaminated clothing and equipment.
Modern sprayers are normally fitted with a clean water supply topermit washing of gloves and hands.
Note also:
Sprayers often fitted with low level induction bowls for productloading safety.
Sprayers often have remote controls such as on/off, hydraulic lift
and fold in part to reduce operator expposure. Nozzles often bayonet fitted to multi holder systems to reduceexposure time when making changes to them.
PPE requirements may be different for knapsack sprayer operators!
16 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
17/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Remember
PPE: Mixing and loading
Boots (non absorbent shoes) Must
Coverall or 2 piece suit or long- Mustsleeved shirt & long trousers
Gloves Must
Face shield/goggles Must
Face mask when handling dusts Must
Apron Recommended
During mixing and loading, your hands are at highest risk forcontamination
Always follow label recommendations
17 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
18/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Remember
PPE: Spraying field and row crops
Spraying field crops with nozzle up to waist height:
Boots
Coverall, 2 piece suit or long sleeved shirt & long trousers
Spraying row and field crops with nozzle above waist height:
Boots Coverall, 2 piece suit or long sleeved shirt & long trousers
Broad brimmed hat
Eye protection
Most common route of exposure is through the skin Always follow label recommendations
18 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
19/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Remember
PPE: Cleaning spray equipment
Boots
Coverall, 2 piece suit or long sleeved shirt & long trousers
Gloves
Face shield or goggles
Clean equipment preferably in an unsprayed area of the field justtreated
Make sure that streams and water courses are not contaminated Neverpour pesticides or washings into sewers, drains, ditches or
rivers
Always follow label recommendations
19 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
20/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Remember
PPE: Properties of gloves
Gloves made of nitrile, rubber or Neoprene are suited for most crop
protection products. Natural rubber gloves do not provide sufficient protection. When used
with solvents such as those in emulsifiable concentrates (ECs) theybecome damaged.
Leather, or any other absorbent, gloves are not suitable
Gloves must be worn at mixing and loading or applying granules byhand
Always wash gloves before taking them off Replace gloves regularly
20 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
21/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE: Properties of coveralls / suits
Two (2) piece suits, e.g. long-sleeved shirt and long trousers aregenerally more comfortable than coveralls in tropical agriculturaluse conditions
Use suits which allow easy movement and good air circulation
Ensure pockets have cover flaps to avoid spray drops/liquidentering and accumulating
Buttons or zips must be covered by flaps
Sleeves and legs should have adjustable closurescontinued.
21 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
22/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE: Properties of coveralls / suits cont.
The textile used should be air permeable
Cotton or polyester/cotton blends are appropriate for mostconditions of use
The heavier the fabric, the better inherent protection properties
For woven fabrics, twills are preferable to plain weave
Stitches should be firm and dense to avoid penetration of spraydrops/liquids
..continued
22 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
23/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE: Properties of coveralls / suits cont.
Wash coverall / 2 piece suit regularly, separate from familywashing
Strictly follow washing instructions of the manufacturer tomaintain protection properties
Limited use PPE must be replaced regularly as indicated by themanufacturer
Note:
Exposed, unprotected skin poses highest risk when applying cropprotecting chemicals
Using safe knapsack sprayers after loading the product then thelower parts of the body [arms, legs, chest and abdomen] present thehighest potential for exposure
23 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
24/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
PPE: Respirators and dust masks
Always wash gloves and hands before removing dust masks andrespirators.
Make sure you select the appropriate respiratory protector to meetany hazards described on the products label.
Several recognised standards govern respiratory protectors: The outer packaging should describe the designed uses. Respirators fitted with replaceable filter canisters. Check that the fitted
filters are suitable.
Change dust masks and filters in line with the manufacturers
specifications or sooner or if the item becomes contaminated
24 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
25/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Removal of PPE
When removing PPE when wearing gloves, always washthe gloves before starting. Remove all articles of PPE
before finally removing the gloves.
25 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
26/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Further reading
http://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-
dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-
products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdf
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/PI008
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ageng/safety/ae1107w.htm#respiratory
http://www.protectepi.com.br/_ing/
http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/47/1/61
26 of 28
http://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/PI008http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ageng/safety/ae1107w.htmhttp://www.protectepi.com.br/_ing/http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/47/1/61http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/47/1/61http://www.protectepi.com.br/_ing/http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ageng/safety/ae1107w.htmhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/PI008http://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdfhttp://www.croplife.org/library/attachments/eeb6a978-fff5-4ff2-bd75-dd8b8068f123/6/Guidelines-for-personal-protection-when-using-crop-protection-products-in-hot-climates%20-Oct-2004.pdf7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
27/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Trainer notes
1. Have examples of PPE to demonstrate.
2. Have examples of product labels with contrasting PPE needs.
3. Demonstrate removing gloves without contaminating the skin.
4. Demonstrate the manufacture of a face shield from a PET bottle.
5. Make an apron from a fertiliser sack6. Consider demonstrations using a water solution of a safe [food
additive] dye and a leaking knapsack sprayer - to show where
spray gets onto operator [wearing a white coverall and white linen
gloves]. Or use UV tracer.
27 of 28
7/30/2019 3 Personal Protective Equipment PPE
28/28
www.stewardshipcommunity.com
Questions
1. Explain the meanings of the WHO pictograms.
2. What are the basic requirements when the nozzle is spraying
below waist height.
3. What steps can be taken to reduce the risk of product
exposure when a) mixing and loading b) when using a handheld sprayer.
4. What aspects of spraying increase the risk of contamination
and often require extra PPE?
28 of 28
Top Related