2.1 1 CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-on Training Workshop INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES SECTOR.

1 2.1

CGEGreenhouse Gas Inventory

Hands-on Training Workshop

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES SECTOR

2 2.2

SECTION A

IPCC 1996GL Approach and Steps

Definition of IP sector activities Differentiating non-energy and energy related

emissions IPCC source and sub-source categories or

disaggregation Estimation methods

Choice of methods Choice of activity data Choice of default emission factors

Tools facilitating choice of EF and reporting IPCC emission factor database (EFDB) Tools facilitating reporting

3 2.3

SECTION B

GPG2000 Approach and Steps

Good practice principles Choice of methods – Tier structure and selection

criteria GPG2000 potential key sources and decision trees

4 2.4

SECTION C

Problems Using IPCC 1996GLGPG2000 Options/Suggested Approaches

Difficulty in disaggregation of Country relevant Sources

Activity Data (AD) Collection and confidential business information (CBI)

Emissions Estimation methods and Reporting

Inappropriateness of Stoichiometric ratios as EFs

Lack of Emission Factors (2) Lack of AD and EFs

5 2.5

SECTION C

Problems Using IPCC 1996GLand Recommendations

Other specific issues and Use of notation keys in reporting Tables 1& 2 Activity data collection and reporting Institutional arrangements Recommended capacity building

6 2.6

SECTION D

IPCC 1996GL Source Category Specific Problems of AD and EF

GPG2000 Options

7 2.7

SECTION E

Inventory Quality Improvement and Uncertainty Reduction

GPG2000 Approach – QA/QC

8 2.8

SECTION A

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

(IPCC 1996GL)


Approach and Steps

9 2.9


Definition of IP Sector Activities

Non-energy related physical and chemical processes in production activities leading to transformation of raw materials and emissions of GHG (e.g. decomposition reactions)

Non-energy uses (NEU) of feedstock in process reactions or stage processes that do not only release heat but also act predominantly as reducing agent (e.g. metallurgical coke in the smelting of ores in metal production)

10 2.10

IPCC 1996GL Approach and Steps Definition of IP Sector Activities

Feedstock delivered to petrochemical plants and used for manufacture of other products and not for energy purposes (e.g. use of natural gas or other fossils in the manufacture of ammonia)

Production-related emissions NOT classified under IP but under energy sector are GHGs released from fuel combustion of feedstock in production activities as sources of energy / form of energy (i.e. heat, process steam or electricity generation).

11 2.11


Differentiating non-energy and energy related emissions in IPCC 1996GL Vol.3

Cement production section 2.3.1 Lime production , 2.4.1 Soda ash production and use 2.6.1 Ammonia production 2.8.1 and 2.8.2 Silicon carbide 2.11.1 Calcium carbide 2.11.2 Iron and steel 2.13.3.2 Ferro alloys 2.13.5.1 Aluminium 2.13.5.1

12 2.12

Illustration of Non-Energy and Energy Related Emissions

IPCC 1996GL Vol. 3 (Reference Manual)

Differentiation of Non-Energy and Energy Related Emissions in IP sector

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IPCC Source and Sub-source Categories or Disaggregation

Tools for classification: The IPCC inventory software (electronic

version of IPCC worksheet) Emission factor database (EFDB)

14 2.14

Illustration with EFDB and Software

IPCC 1996GL Sources and Sub-source Categories/Disaggregation

15 2.15

GHGs from IP sector

(a) CO2, CH4, N2O(b) HFCs, PFCs, SF6

(c) SO2,CO, NOx, NMVOCs

Relevant source categories

(ref. software long summary)

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General Estimation Methodology

General equation

TOTALij = AD j x EF ij where:

TOTAL ij = process emission (tonne) of gas i from industrial sector j

AD j = amount of activity or production of process material (activity data) in industrial sector j (tonne/yr)

EF ij = emission factor (EF) associated with gas i per unit of activity in industrial sector j (tonne/tonne)

17 2.17


Choice of Methods

For certain industrial processes, more than one estimation methodology is presented. These are: Simplified approach referred to as Tier 1 More detailed methodology referred to as

Tier 2

18 2.18


Choice of Methods

Several options are also provided for certain industrial processes under Tier 1, such as Tier 1a, 1b, 1c; based on data availability and suitability of methods

Order of preference for Tier 1 methods 1a > 1b >1c

Encourages country-specific methods, documented and adequately referenced

19 2.19


Sample tiers by Sub-source Categories

2B1 – Ammonia production (CO2) Tier 1a – AD as natural gas consumption (m3) and

EF (kgC/m3) Tier 1b – AD as ammonia production (tonnes) and

EF (tonne CO2/tonne NH3)

2C5 – Calcium Carbide Production (CO2) T1a – Consumption of petroleum coke (tonnes) and

EF (tonne C/tonne Coke type) T1b – Production of carbide

20 2.20


Tiers by Sub-source Categories

2C – Metal production (Iron and Steel, Al, Ferro-alloys) Tier 1a – Consumption of reducing agent

(tonnes) and EF (tonne C/tonne reducing agent)

Tier 1b – Production of the metal (tonnes) and

EF (tonne CO2/tonne metal)

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PFCs from aluminum production Tier 1a – Direct plant emissions data Tier 1b – Estimation based on plant measurements

and empirical estimation Tire 1c – Based on aluminium production (tonnes)

and default emission factor (kg/tonne Al)

22 2.22



2F – HCFC manufacture (HFC-23 release) Tier 1 – AD (total production in tonnes) and Default

EF (% of total production) Tier2 – Direct emissions from plant specific

measurements using standard methods 2E – Consumption of ODS substitutes (HFCs, PFCs

and SF6) Tire 1a and Tier b – Potential emissions Tier 2 – Actual emissions

23 2.23


Choice of Activity Data

Plant level measurements or direct emissions reports with documented methodologies

Where direct measurements are not available, estimations are based on calculation with plant-specific data

24 2.24


Choice of Activity Data

International data sets (United Nations data sets and Industry associations)

National databases where available from appropriate government ministries (e.g. statistics services, environment ministry, etc.)

Standard production statistics from national statistical publications

25 2.25


Choice of Default Emission Factors

Process-reaction-based EFs (stoichiometric ratios)

Production-based emission factors

Technology-specific emission factors

Reported country-/region-specific plant-level measurements

IPCC emission factors database, a summary for process-reaction-based and technology-based EFs

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Illustrate Use of Emission Factor Database (EFDB) for IP Sector


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Comparability of IPCC Technology-based Default EF and GPG2000 Plant-level EF

The Case of Aluminium Production Inventory in Ghana

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Good Practice Activity Data(Plant-level EF based on Tier 1a method)

CO2 emissions from aluminum production activity data

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

200000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Period (year) production (tonnes)

gross carbon (tonnes) net carbon (tonnes)

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Consumption of Reducing Agent (Anode carbon)

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

gross carbon (tonnes) net carbon (tonnes)

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Net Carbon Consumption

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.300

0.350

0.400

0.450

0.500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

production (megatonnes)

net carbon tonne/tonne al

3 per. Mov. Avg. (net carbon tonne/tonne al)

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Comparability of Good Practice (Plant level and IPCC default)

Process parameterCountry-specific (plant level Tier 2) 7-year average

IPCC default including baking emissions (5%)

Net carbon consumption assuming 98% purity of anode carbon (tonne C/tonne)

0.445

Emission factor(tonne CO2/tonne Al)

1.63 1.58

% difference +3.5%

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Emissions Estimating and Reporting

Use of IPCC GHG Inventory Software


33 2.33

Reporting Tables

Long Summary and Short Summary

(Reference: IPCC GHG Inventory Software)

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SECTION B

Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National

Greenhouse Gas Inventories (GPG2000)


Approach and Steps

35 2.35


Good Practice Principles

To produce GHG inventories that neither overestimate nor underestimate emissions so far as can be judged based on the principle of TCCCA, namely:

Transparency; Consistency over time; Completeness, Comparability, Accuracy

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Good Practice Principles

To use limited resources more efficiently for key sources

To reduce levels of uncertainty To improve reporting and documentation To apply quality assurance and quality control

(QA/QC) and improve transparency

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Choice of Methods

Identifies potential IP sector key source categories Provides decision-tree analysis for the selected

sources Describes source-category-specific good practice

methods in adapting IPCC 1996GL to country-specific circumstances

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Choice of Methods

Defines tier numbers for alternative names of (unnumbered) methods described in IPCC 1996GL

Provides Good Practice Guidance for various tier levels of assessment (Tier 1, 2, 3) for selected source categories

39 2.39


GPG2000 Potential Key Sources Identified

2A1 – CO2 Emissions from Cement Production

2A2 – CO2 Emissions from Lime Production

2C1 – CO2 Emissions from the Iron and Steel Industry

2B3 & 2B4 – N2O Emissions from Adipic Acid and Nitric Acid Production

2C3 – PFCs Emissions from Aluminum Production 2C4 – Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) emissions from

Magnesium Production 2E1 – HFC-23 Emissions from HCFC-22 Manufacture

40 2.40


GPG2000 Potential Key Sources Identified

2F(1-5) – Emissions from Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS substitutes for HFCs and PFCs used in refrigeration, air-conditioning, foam blowing, fire extinguishers, aerosols, solvents )

2F7 – SF6 Emissions from Electrical Equipment

2F8 – SF6 Emissions from Other Sources of SF6

2E3 – SF6 Emissions from Production of SF6

2F6 – PFC, HFC, and SF6 Emissions from Semiconductor Manufacturing

41 2.41


Decision Trees, and Selection

Criteria for Methods and Structured Tier Levels

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Decision Trees, and SelectionCriteria for Methods and Tier Levels

2A1 – Cement production CO2 Figure 3.1 pg 3.11

2C1 – Iron and Steel Production (CO2) Figure 3.2 pg 3.21

2B1 & 2B2 – Nitric Acid and Adipic Acid (NO2)

2C1 – Aluminum production (PFC)

Figure 3.4 pg 3.32

Figure 3.5 pg 3.40

2C – Use of SF6 in magnesium production (SF6)

Figure 3.6 pg 3.49

2E & 2F – ODS Substitutes Figure 3.11 pg 3.80

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Sample Illustrations of Tier Level Methods in

Adapting IPCC 1996GL Based onNational Circumstances

Reference Annex 3, Table 3 of the IP Handbook

44 2.44

SECTION C

Review of Problems Encountered in Using IPCC 1996GL and

GPG2000 Options

45 2.45

Potential Problems in Preparing IP Sector Inventory

Difficulty in disaggregation of country relevant sources into IPCC categories, particularly sub-source categories not listed in IPCC 1996GL

46 2.46

Mapping National Industry Classification with IPCC Source

Categories

47 2.47

Potential problems in preparing IP Sector inventory

Activity Data Collection and CBI

Direct reporting of emissions without AD and/or EF to national institutions responsible for data collection because of confidential business information (CBI)

48 2.48


Emissions Estimation Methods and Reporting

The reporting of industrial process emissions from non-energy use (NEU) of feedstock produced in combination with fuel combustion under Energy Sector due to the difficulty in differentiation and possible double counting of CO2

Direct plant-level measurement and reporting of industrial process emissions of CO2 from chemical processes or stage processes in combination with fuel combustion emissions from energy uses of feedstock (e.g. CO2 emissions from CaCO3 decomposition and metallurgical coke oxidation in Solvay process)

49 2.49

Potential problems in preparing IP Sector inventory Inappropriateness of Stoichiometric

Ratios as EFs

Where technology-specific or plant-level data are not available, EF(D) are based on stoichiometric ratios of process reactions.

50 2.50

Potential problems in preparing IP Sector inventory Lack of Emission Factors (2)

Lack of development of plant-level EFs, which leads to the estimation of EFs based on top-down ratios calculated as

EF = Emissions/Aggregate AD.

51 2.51

IPCC 1996GL source-category-specific problems

GPG2000 Tier 1 Good Practice Options

Sample Source Category Estimations 2.A.1 Cement Production 2.A.2 Lime Production 2.A.1 Limestone and Dolomite Use 2.C.1 Iron and Steel

Reference Table 2 IP Handbook

52 2.52

Other Specific Problems Encountered in the Use of

IPCC 1996GL

Suggested Approaches/Options

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Notation Keys in Reporting Tables 1& 2

Inappropriate use and/or limited use of notation keys (NO, NE, NA, IE, NE) in UNFCCC reporting Table 1 and Table 2.

54 2.54

NO (not occurring) for activities or processes that do not occur for a particular gas or source/sink category within a country,

NE (not estimated) for existing emissions and removals which have not been estimated,

NA (not applicable) for activities in a given source/sink category which do not result in emissions or removals of a specific gas,

IE (included elsewhere) for emissions and removals estimated but included elsewhere in the inventory (Parties should indicate where the emissions or removals have been included),

C (confidential) for emissions and removals which could lead to the disclosure of confidential information.

Completeness and Transparency in Reporting – Use of Notation Keys

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Activity Data Collection and Reporting

Production data on large point sources may be available in various national institutions in data sets that are not easily converted to greenhouse gas inventory data

Where available, mandatory or voluntary plant-level data are reported as total emissions without relevant AD and EF

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Potential problems in preparing IP Sector Inventory Lack of Emission Factors (1)

Mandatory industry reports (e.g. annual environmental reports) provide only emissions estimates without AD and/or EF

Lack of IPCC default EFs due to differences in IPCC source and sub-source categories and disaggregation of country-relevant sources

57 2.57

Potential problems in preparing IP Sector Inventory

Institutional Arrangements

National institutions and industry associations collect and present data in formats not appropriate for GHG estimation (because they are normally aggregated in data sets relevant for the purposes for which they were collected)

Limited awareness among industry/industry associations about opportunities under the Convention and therefore lack of motivation to develop capacity for reporting GHG inventories

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Potential problems in preparing IP Sector Inventory Institutional Arrangement

Lack of institutional arrangement and clarity over roles and responsibilities of experts carrying out the technical studies

Lack of legal and institutional authority to demand data from industry to carry out the inventories (reporting is basically voluntary)

59 2.59

Potential problems in preparing IP Sector Inventory Institutional Arrangement

Non-involvement of universities and/or research centres in climate change efforts that could develop into a more sustainable inventory system

Lack of mainstreaming of climate change data collection by national statistical services and industry associations

Lack of QA/QC and uncertainty analysis by data collection institutions

60 2.60

Intuitional arrangement problems

Recommended Capacity-building

Establish a national working group of relevant stakeholders for plant-level verification and peer review of the inventory report

Organize a capacity-building seminar for all institutions and relevant GHG-contributing industries to disseminate the IP inventory data sets, to inform about the need for QA/QC and plant-specific good practice in developing and reporting AD and EFs in greenhouse gas inventory data sets

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Intuitional Arrangement Problems

Recommended Capacity-building

Adapt IPCC 1996GL and GPG2000 and develop country- specific workbooks documenting methods, AD, EFs to increase transparency and preserve institutional memory

In a capacity-building workshop, disseminate information about the opportunities for emission reduction under the Convention and the Financing Mechanisms under the Protocol to encourage industry participation

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Review and Assessment ofActivity Data and Emission Factors

Data Status and Options

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Inventory Quality Improvement and Uncertainty Reduction

QA/QC APPROACH

2.1 1 CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-on Training Workshop INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES SECTOR.

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Transcript of 2.1 1 CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands-on Training Workshop INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES SECTOR.