1 6F.1

UNFCCC - NAI SOFTWARE Sector: Waste

Practical Aspects and Exercises

CGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Hands – on Training Workshop for the African Region

Pretoria, South Africa

18 – 22 September 2006

2 6F.2

CONTENT

Specific details of the UNFCCC -NAI Software use to calculate GHG emissions in the sector Waste.

Practical exercises (to be solved by the participants after the presentation).

3 6F.3

BACKGROUND

The choice of a good practice method is given by the decision threes in the IPCC GPG according to national circumstances.

The UNFCCC -NAI Software contains, basically, the methods of smaller complexity that can use countries for the preparation of inventories.

However, in principle, the software can be used to report the estimated emissions independently of the complexity of used method (Tier 2, 3 etc).

4 6F.4

SECTOR: WASTE

Sector 6: Waste Source Categories and Subcategories Worksheets 6A. CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal 6-1s1 and 6-1sA to 6-1sC (4) 6B1. CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and Sludge

6-2s1 to 6-2s4 (4)

6B2. CH4 Emissions From Industrial Wastewater and Sludge Handling

6-3s1 to 6-3s4 (4)

6B2. Indirect Nitrous Oxide emissions from Human Sewage 6-4s1 (1) (*) 6C. Waste Incineration 6-5s1 (1) (**) (#) Quantity of sheets

Changes in the worksheets with respect to the IPCC Software * To avoid double counting in the UNFCCC –NAI Software was included a column for considering

(decrease) the amount of sewage N applied to soils as sewage sludge (Nsewsludge).

** The UNFCCC – NAI Software includes a worksheet to calculate the emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from waste incineration. In the IPCC software and the IPCC GL, 1996 was not included worksheet for this source category.

5 6F.5

SECTOR: WASTECH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal

SECTOR: WASTE (1) UNFCCC -

NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

6A. CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal

6-1s1 and 6-1A to 6-1C

-IPCC Guidelines do not classify methodological tiers for the waste sector. Methodological tiers 1 and 2 are defined in the IPCC GPG. The two methods can yield quite different estimates Tier 1. Default Method. -Based on the assumption that all potential CH4 is released in the year the waste is disposed. If the amount or composition of waste change rapidly over time this method will not provide an accurate trend. -If the Activity Data are available there are not difficulties to estimate CH4 emission using the Tier 1 Method and the software but it is recommended to use this method only as last alternative until the IPCC 2006 Guidelines are availables. - Most of the factors required to apply this method usually can be obtained or estimated. Default values can also be applied. - It is required to know the population whose waste goes to SWDs (total or urban), the MSW generation rate (country specific or default), and the fraction of MSW disposed of to SWDs (country-specific or default). The parameter with more difficulty is Lo (Methane generation potential) because it needs to know the Degradable organic fraction (DOC) that is based on the composition of waste.

6 6F.6

SECTOR: WASTECH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal

SECTOR: WASTE (2) UNFCCC -

NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

6A. CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal

6-1s1 and 6-1A to 6-1C

Tier 1. Default Method. When applying this method keeps in mind that: 1-If a significant quantity of organic industrial solid waste is disposed on SWDs care should be taken to determine the per capita solid waste generation rate and DOC. 2-DOCf: The default value provided in the IPCC Guidelines is appropriate if lignin C is excluded. If lignin C is included a value in the range 0.5-0.6 should be used. 3-Oxidation factor is assumed as cero except for well managed sites where 0.1 is reasonable. 4-CO2 emissions are reported if combustion is used as a management practice at solid waste disposal sites (CO2 emissions from non-biogenic sources are included in the totals). It is necessary to know the composition of the material that is combusted. 5-Sludge from waste water handling if often disposed of to SWDs. Emissions from this sludge should be included under this category. 6- Add notes in the documentation box of the worksheet clarifying if all SWDs were included and if any industrial sites were included.

7 6F.7

SECTOR: WASTECH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal

SECTOR: WASTE (3)

UNFCCC -NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Tier 2 Methods

Remarks

6A. CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal

First Order Decay (FOD) Method

Tier 2. -It is good practice to use the FOD method, if possible, because it more accurately reflects the emission trend. -Produces a time-dependent emission profile that better reflects the true pattern of the degradation process. -Require data on current as well as historic waste quantities, composition and disposal practices. It is good practice to estimate this historical data is such data are unavailable. -The IPCC Guidelines do not provide default values or methods for the estimation of some key parameters. However, the main difficulties of this method are also related with Lo besides the historical behavior of some variables. Other parameters can be obtained from recommended interval. -With the UNFCCC -NAI software is impossible to calculate the methane emissions, in this source category, using the FOD method (Tier 2). Suggestion: If that approach is used in substitution of the default method, then: 1) Makes the calculations outside of software; 2) Incorporates the results manually in the Sectoral Table and the Tables of Summary of the Inventory, 3) Add note to the documentation boxes of the Tables 6-1s1 and 6-1sA to 6-1B clarifying the used method and results obtained. Provide detailed information in the NIR

8 6F.8

SECTOR: WASTEExercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal (I)

Country A: Year: 2000. Worksheet 6-1s1 to 6-1CData The National Statistics Office provided information related to

solid waste management services in the country. These services are received mainly by 90% of the urban

population. The waste are fundamentally deposited in dumpsites where also are partially burn.

Population

(1000 persons)

Urban fraction MSW generation rate

(kg/cap./day

Methane Recovered

(Gg)

20 000 18% 0,4 0,2

9 6F.9

SECTOR: WASTEExercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal (II)

Other Data: Use the following values for the calculation:

Proportion of waste for each type of SWDSs

Managed 4%

Unmanaged deep 10%

Unmanaged shallow 86%

Fraction of DOC in MSW Fraction of DOC which actually degrades

0,14 0,55

Fraction of C released as Methane Methane Oxidation Factor

0,5 0

10 6F.10

SECTOR: WASTEExercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal (III)

Tasks

Using the UNFCCC -NAI Software:

1. Calculates Net Annual Methane Emissions from solid waste disposal.

2. Verifies the emissions report in the Sectoral and Summary Tables.

3. Fills the Table 8A (Overview Table) for the self evaluation of quality and completeness.

4. Print the used worksheet, the Sectoral Summary Table and the Overview Table (8A).

11 6F.11

SECTOR: WASTEExercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal (IV)

Steps

1. Open the software and select in the Waste sector the worksheet 6-1A to calculate the total annual MSW disposed to SWDSs.

2. Go to the worksheet 6-1C to calculate the Methane Correction Factor (MCF).

3. Go to the Worksheet 6-1s1 to calculate the Net Annual Methane Emissions (Gg).

12 6F.12

SECTOR: WASTEExercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal (V)

RESULTS

Net Annual Methane Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal 11,07 Gg CH4

13 6F.13

TOTAL ANNUAL MSW DISPOSED TO SWDSs

WORKSHEET 6-1A

14 6F.14

METHANE CORRECTION FACTOR

WORKSHEET 6-1C

15 6F.15

NET ANNUAL METHANE EMISSION FROM SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL

WORKSHEET 6-1s1

16 6F.16

NET ANNUAL METHANE EMISSION FROM SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL IN THE

SECTORAL REPORT TABLE

17 6F.17

NET ANNUAL METHANE EMISSION FROM SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL IN THE

SUMMARY REPORT TABLE

18 6F.18

SECTOR: WASTECH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling SECTOR: WASTE (4)

UNFCCC – NAI

SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

6B1. CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and Sludge

6-2s1 to 6-2s4 The IPCC Guidelines describe a single method for calculation CH4 emissions.

-If Activity Data are available there are not difficulties to estimate emission using the software. -Emissions are a function of the amount of waste generated and an EF. Any CH4 that is recovered and flared or used for energy should be subtracted from total emissions. -Good Practice is to use country-specific data expressed in terms of kgCH4/kg BOD removed. If country-specific data are not available, a default value can be used. It is good practice to use a default value of 0.6 kg CH4/kg BOD.

19 6F.19

SECTOR: WASTECH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling SECTOR: WASTE (4)

UNFCCC – NAI

SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

6B1. CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and Sludge

6-2s1 to 6-2s4 The IPCC Guidelines describe a single method for calculation CH4 emissions.

Notes: 1- The IPCC Guidelines provide only one default value of Bo that has to be applied to both COD and BOD. This is not consistent with the observed differences between BOD and COD in raw sewage. 2- If default factors are being used, emissions from wastewater and sludge can be estimate together. 3- CH4 emissions from sludge sent to landfills or used in agriculture are not included in this sector. 4- Sludge incinerated as part of energy recovery should be included in the energy sector.

20 6F.20

SECTOR: WASTEExercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling (I)

Country A: Year: 2000. Worksheet 6-2s1 to 6-2s4

Data The National Statistics Office provided the information included

in the following table.

Population (1000 persons)

Degradable Organic

Component

Fraction of DOC Removed

as Sludge

Methane Recovered

20 0000 13 505 kg BOD/1000 persons/yr

0 0

21 6F.21

SECTOR: WASTEExercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling (II)

Other Data: Use the following values for the calculation:

Wastewater Handling System

Fraction of Wastewater

Treated by the Handling System

Methane Conversion

Factor for the Handling System

Collected (Sewered to plant)

Lagoons

(Anaerobic deep)0,05 0,8

Uncollected

(Treated on site)

Latrines and septic systems

0,1 0,15

With regular sediment removal

22 6F.22

SECTOR: WASTEExercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling (III)

Tasks Using the UNFCCC -NAI Software:1. Calculates Net CH4 emissions.2. Verifies the emissions report in the Sectoral and Summary

Tables.3. Fills the Table 8A (Overview Table) for the self evaluation of

quality and completeness. 4. Print the used worksheet, the Sectoral Summary Table and the

Overview Table (8A).

23 6F.23

SECTOR: WASTEExercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling (IV)

Steps

1. Open the software and select in the Waste sector the worksheet 6-2s1 Estimation of Organic Wastewater and Sludge.

2. Specify in A that the estimation is for “all country”.

3. Enter population data in Column B, and DOC in column C.

4. Specify the Fraction of DOC removed as sludge. The software calculates the Total Domestic/Commercial Organic Wastewater (kg BOD/yr).

24 6F.24

SECTOR: WASTEExercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling (V)

Steps

5. Go to the Worksheet 6-2s2 and specify in the column A the Wastewater Handling Systems used in the country.

6. Enter in B the Fraction of Wastewater Treated by the Handling Systems and in C the Methane Conversion Factor. Enter in E the Maximum Methane Producing Capacity (0,6 kg CH4/kg BOD). The software calculates the Emission Factor for Wastewater Handling System..

7. Go to the Worksheet 6-2s4 and enter in D the Methane Recovered. The software calculates the Net CH4 emissions.

25 6F.25

SECTOR: WASTEExercise 6.1: CH4 Emissions from Domestic and Commercial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling (VI)

RESULTS

Net Annual Methane Emissions from Domestic and Commercial Wastewater and Sludge Handling

8,91 Gg CH4

26 6F.26

ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC WASTEWATER

27 6F.27

ESTIMATION OF EMISSION FACTOR

28 6F.28

CH4 EMISSION FROM DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL

WASTEWATER HANDLING

29 6F.29

CH4 EMISSIONS FROM DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL WASTEWATER HANDLING IN THE SECTORAL

REPORT TABLE

30 6F.30

CH4 EMISSIONS FROM DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL WASTEWATER HANDLING IN THE SUMMARY

REPORT TABLE

31 6F.31

SECTOR: WASTECH4 Emissions from Industrial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling SECTOR: WASTE (5)

UNFCCC -NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

6B2. CH4 Emissions From Industrial Wastewater and Sludge Handling

6-3s1 to 6-3s4 -The method is similar to the one used for domestic wastewater. -The development of EF and AD is more complex because there are many types of wastewater and many different industries.

-If Activity Data are available there are not difficulties to estimate emission using the software. If no national data are available: -Estimate CH4 for all industries using expert judgment or default values for COD data. Suggestion:

1. If is possible, collect or estimate COD data for the 3 or 4 most important type industries with treatment in site:

2. Calculate CH4 emissions from industrial wastewater based on COD from most important industries (e.g. food and beverages, pulp and paper, textiles, petrochemicals etc).

32 6F.32

SECTOR: WASTECH4 Emissions from Industrial

Wastewater and Sludge Handling SECTOR: WASTE (5)

UNFCCC -NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

6B2. CH4 Emissions From Industrial Wastewater and Sludge Handling

6-3s1 to 6-3s4 -The method is similar to the one used for domestic wastewater. -The development of EF and AD is more complex because there are many types of wastewater and many different industries.

Notes: -Typical COD values for some industries provided in the IPCC Guidelines were updated in IPCC GPG (Table 5.4). The units for wastewater generation and COD in this Table are different (but equivalent) to those of the workbook and the software. -The EF calculation in the worksheets 6-3s2 and 6-3s3 should be made for specific industrial wastewater sources. To make this it would be necessary to copy and insert these worksheets several times and to assure the necessary links. Another option is to make an aggregated analysis for each type of Wastewater Handling System used for industry type (or for all the industries). -Possibility of double counting emissions due to some industrial wastewater being released into municipal sewerage systems and accounted under Domestic and Commercial Wastewater. -Possible overestimation of CH4 emissions as a result of the incineration of sludge.

SECTOR: WASTEIndirect N2O Emissions from Human Sewage

SECTOR: WASTE (6)

UNFCCC - NAI

SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

6B2. Indirect Nitrous Oxide emissions from Human Sewage

6-4s1 Default Method -It is based on per capita protein consumption. This method for estimating N2O emissions from N in sewage that is discharged into rivers and/or estuaries is presented in Chapter 4 Agriculture (IPCC GPG) although these emissions are reported under the waste sector (Domestic and Commercial Wastewater). - The method for its application requires knowing the average annual Per Capita Protein consumption in the country, the Population in the Country, the Fraction of N in Protein and the EF (EF6). Country specific and default data may be used. Note: Country – specific values of EF6 must be used with great caution because of the complexity of this emission pathway. -The software can be used directly for the estimation. - To avoid double counting in the UNFCCC –NAI was included a column for considering (decrease) the amount of sewage N applied to soils as sewage sludge (Nsewsludge).

34 6F.34

SECTOR: WASTEEmissions from Waste Incineration

SECTOR: WASTE (7)

UNFCCC - NAI SOFTWARE

MAIN CATEGORIES

Tier 1: Worksheets

Remarks

6C. Waste Incineration

-This source category was not included in the Workbook and the IPCC Software, therefore there are not Worksheets. -In the Reference of the IPCC GL Manual it is described a general approach and is provided references to methods available for some of the gases. -The UNFCCC – NAI Software includes a worksheet to calculate the emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from waste incineration. In the IPCC software and the IPCC GL, 1996 was not included worksheet for this source category.

Emissions from this source category can be estimated using the UNFCCC – NAI software. -In the IPCC GPG, 2003 are provided approaches to determine the emissions of CO2 and N2O (emissions of CH4 are not likely to be significant). -The method for its application requires knowing waste inputs into the incinerator, EF and the burn out efficiency of combustion. Country specific and default values may be used. -The most accurate estimates can be developed by determining the emissions for each type of waste (e.g. municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, clinical waste and hazardous waste). Notes: 1-Only CO2 emissions resulting from the incineration of carbon in waste of fossil origin (e.g. plastics, certain textiles, rubber, liquid solvents and waste oil) should be included in the emission. 2- CO2 emissions from combustion used as a management practice at SWDs are to be included under Solid Waste Disposal. 3- Emissions without energy recovery have to be reported in the Waste Sector, while emissions with energy recovery should be reported in the Energy Sector.

35 6F.35

NEW WORSHEET 6-5S1 INCLUDED IN THE UNFCCC –NAI SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATING EMISSIONS FROM WASTE INCINERATION

36 6F.36

SECTOR: WASTEExercise for self evaluation 1: CH4 from Solid Waste

Disposal on Land (I)

Country A: Year: 2000.

Data The Environment Ministry provided data on the solid

wastes disposal in the country during the year 2000. It also provided results from studies carried out on the solid wastes characterization.

Determine the CH4 emissions from the disposition of solid wastes on the land using the CMNUCC-NAI software.

Verify in the Sectoral Report Table and the Summary Tables of the Inventory the report of results obtained.

37 6F.37

SECTOR: WASTEExercise for self evaluation 1: CH4 from Solid Waste

Disposal on Land (II)

COUNTRY A: YEAR 2000. DATA RELATED WITH SOLID WASTES DISPOSAL

Urban population of the country 8666744 persons

MSW generation rate 0,68 kg/capita/day

Fraction of MSW disposed to SWDSs 1

Proportion of waste for each type of SWDSs

Managed 0,7

Unmanaged-shallow 0,3

Fraction of DOC in MSW 0,18

Recovered Methane per year (Gg) 0

38 6F.38

SECTOR: WASTEExercise for self evaluation 1: CH4 from Solid Waste

Disposal on Land (III)

RESULTS

CH4 emissions from solid waste disposal on land 113,73 Gg CH4

39 6F.39

SECTOR: WASTEExercise for self evaluation 2: CH4 from Industrial

Wastewater Handling (I)

Country A: Year: 2000.

Data The Environment Ministry provided data on the industrial

wastewater handling in the country during the year 2000. Determine the CH4 emissions from this source category

using the CMNUCC-NAI software. Verify in the Sectoral Report Table and the Summary

Tables of the Inventory the report of results obtained.

40 6F.40

SECTOR: WASTEExercise for self evaluation 2: CH4 from Industrial

Wastewater Handling (II)

COUNTRY A: YEAR 2000. DATA RELATED WITH INDUSTRIAL

WASTEWATER HANDLING

Product Total Industrial output (t/year) or

(hl/year)

Degradable Organic

Component

(kg COD/m3 wastewater)

Wastewater Produced

(m3/t product) or (m3/hl product)

Canneries 40300 6 0,5

Beer (hl) 1331000 2,9 0,5

Dairy products 200000 2,7 7

Vegetable oils 25200 0,8 3,1

Soft drinks (hl) 1084300 2 4,3

41 6F.41

SECTOR: WASTEExercise for self evaluation 2: CH4 from Industrial

Wastewater Handling (III)

COUNTRY A: YEAR 2000. DATA RELATED WITH INDUSTRIAL

WASTEWATER HANDLING

Type of treatment Fraction of wastewater treated

MCF Maximum Methane Producing Capacity

Lagoons 10% (0,1) 90% (0,9) 0,25 kg CH4/kg DC

42 6F.42

SECTOR: WASTEExercise for self evaluation 2: CH4 from Industrial

Wastewater Handling (IV)

RESULTS

Net CH4 emissions from industrial wastewater handling 0,34 Gg CH4

6B.43

Thank you