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Section 1Spain’s Empire in the Americas

Chapter 2

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Who were the Conquistadores?Spanish explorers who sailed to the Americas

after Columbus’ voyages were known as conquistadores or conquerors searching for gold

Hornando Cortes landed in Mexico in 1519, conquered the Aztecs and took their gold

Aztecs rebelled and regrouped1521 Spanish defeated the Aztecs and claimed

their land (Mexico) for SpainSpanish marched into Tenochtitlan (Spanish

capital) and told Aztec emperor Montezuma he was a God

Spanish conquered Tenochtitlan, burned the capital, laid claims of the new colony, called it New Spain, and renamed the capital Mexico City

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Cont.Most Spanish who settled in America

were men who often married Native American women which created a large population of mestizos

Their decedents live today in Mexico and other Latin America countries and the US

Spanish settled forced Native Americans to work under the encomienda system-system using Native Americans as workers

Treated workers badly, many died from disease

1542 encomienda ended (too brutal) soon Spanish settlers began using African slaves

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Who Settled New Mexico?Spanish eventually moved north to

present day North America, Juan Ponce de Leon- explored present day Florida

Spanish also explored southwestern USSpain sent catholic priest to settle

southwest region, present day New Mexico; to convert Native Americans to Roman Catholic faith

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Native Americans RebelSpanish tried to impose Spanish

culture on Native Americans. Destroyed Native American objects, they considered sacred, forced them to work for them, physically abused them

Pope was a Pueblo religious leader who led an uprising against the Spanish

1680, 1700 Native Americans drove Spaniards back into Mexico, it would be another 14 years before the Spanish reconquered New Mexico

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SOL: Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement

in North America in 1607.

Section 2: Jamestown

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English settlement at JamestownEnglish colonies financed by joint stock company--allowed investors to pool their wealth to fund a colony

1607 the Virginia Company sent 150 colonists to America to build a settlement along the coast of modern-day Virginia called Jamestown in honor of the King James I

English settlement at Jamestown

By winter 1607 only 39 colonists remained aliveDisease and famine

John Smith took control of colony Forced colonists to grow food Help from Powhatan--Native Americans who lived in the area

Colony slowly recovered.In 1609 about 600 new colonists arrived

The “starving time”Only 60 colonists survived

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English Colony Locations

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Jamestown Colony

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John SmithHad to leave Jamestown in

1609 after

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Disney’s Pocahontas

This portrait of Pocahontas and John Smith, from the Disney movie "Pocahontas", is almost

completely fabricated from reality. •She was a child of about twelve

•John Smith was a short man with a beard•No romantic relationship between them

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JamestownColonists began growing tobacco, discovered

they could make great profitVirginia Company started the head right

system in 1618Attempt to lure more settlers to Jamestown,50 acres/ person who came to the colony,

another 50/ each family member that came along

Most who came to America came as indentured servantsAgreed to work for several years to pay

debt in exchange for passage to North America, food, and shelter

1619 first African Americans arrived in North AmericaOriginally treated as indentured servants In decades to come, others would arrive in

North America as slaves

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Settlers Clash with Native AmericansUnlike Spanish, English had no desire

to live among or marry Native Americans

As Jamestown grew, more and more settlers arrive forcing Native Americans off their lands

1622--Native Americans attacked colonial villages, 340 colonists killed

King took over colonyVirginia Company became a royal

colony=colony ruled by kingBy 1644 10,000 English settlers lived in

Virginia

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Economic Differences Split VirginiaWealthy land owners controlled life in the colony

Indentured servants had no money to buy landdid not own land=could not vote, Taxed heavily by the colony governor

forced to live on western edge of Virginia where they were constantly fighting Native Americans

Bacon’s RebellionNathaniel Bacon=wealthy planter

Created an army to fight Native AmericansGovernor Berkley declared the army illegal

Bacon led rebellion against Governor of Virginia Colony

Governor Berkley fled JamestownReturned after Bacon died a month later

**Bacons Rebellion exposed power of former indentured servants in the colony19

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Puritans

Section 3

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Why did Puritans come to America?Puritans were a religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England

Known as Puritans because they wanted to remove some of its Catholic practices

STRICT beliefsEvery worshiper should experience God directly through faith, prayer, and study of the bible, NOT services conducted by a priest

Plymouth ColonySome Puritans believed in trying to change the Church of England, others chose to leave the church and form their own congregations known as Separatists

Pilgrims = a Separatist group Decided to leave England. Arrived in North America in 1620Founded Plymouth Colony

second permanent English colony in North America

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Massachusetts Bay Colony1630 another group of Puritans sailed to North America and started a settlement called the Massachusetts Bay ColonyBy 1640 more than 20,000 English settlers lived there in this region, known as New England

John Winthrop was the settlement’s first governor

Puritan SocietyPuritans wanted to create a society that all would look up to:Male members could voteImportance on family, church, and authority

STRESSED HARD WORK, both men and women

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Dissent in the Puritan CommunityPuritans came to America to practice their

religion in freedom, did not tolerate dissent or the expression of other view points

Roger Williams- minister, preached settlers should not take Native American land and government should not punish those with other points of viewThis angered Puritan leaders and ordered his

arrestSettled new colony which is now Rhode Island

Anne Hutchison- angered church with her beliefsArgued people should interpret the bible on their

ownBanished from colony Went to Rhode Island

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Native Americans Resist Colonial ExpansionSettlers seized Native American lands and forced Native Americans to accept Puritan laws and religion

Native Americans saw Puritans as a threat to their way of life

Pequot War – 1637Pequot tribe went to war with colonistsTotal defeat for Native Americans

King Phillip’s War – 1675Chief Metacom-who the English called

King Phillip, led alliance against settlersLasted one year, English won

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Settlement of the Middle Colonies

Section 4

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The Dutch Found New NetherlandIn 1621, the Dutch founded the colony of New Netherland (present day Albany & New York City)

New Netherland was a diverse colony. People from many different European nations lived in the colony. Free & enslaved Africans lived there.

By 1660, one-fifth, or 20%, of the population was of African descent.

The leaders allowed people the freedom to practice their own religion. As a result, people of many different religious faiths settled there.

Dutch had friendly relations with Native Americans. They were more interested in trading with the Native Americans.

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ContinuedEngland seized control of the Dutch

colony because it stood in the way of England’s plan to unite Northern and Southern colonies.

England’s Duke of York became the new proprietor, or owner, of New Netherland.

He renamed it New York. He separated the southern part of the colony and named it New Jersey.

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The Quakers Settle PennsylvaniaIn order to repay a debt, King Charles II

gave Englishman William Penn a piece of land west of New Jersey.

Penn was a member of a religious group called Quakers.

Quakers believed God’s “inner light” burned inside everyone. They were pacifists, persons who oppose war or violence for any reason. Because of their different beliefs, Quakers suffered persecution (harassment) in England.

Penn’s settlement allowed freedom of religion.

The colony was also granted the right to vote to all adult male settlers & sought friendly relations with Native Americans.

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William Penn

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ContinuedIn order to encourage people to live in

Pennsylvania, Penn advertised his colony in western Europe. This resulted in numerous Germans, Dutch, and French settling there.

George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, founded the colony of Maryland.

James Oglethorpe founded Georgia as a colony for debtors.