Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico...
-
Upload
alberta-higgins -
Category
Documents
-
view
247 -
download
0
Transcript of Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico...
![Page 1: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Spain’s EmpireIn The Americas
![Page 2: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Aztecs
Moctezuma: The Aztec emperorwho ruled over much of Mexico
Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s
Built their capital, Tenochtitlan, on anisland in the middle of Lake Texcoco
By 1500 the Aztec empire stretchedfrom the Gulf of Mexico to the PacificOcean and included millions of people
![Page 3: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Aztecs
Paid special attention to the sun god
Believed that each day the sun battledits way across the heavens
Believed that the sun required humansacrifices in order to rise each day
Heavy taxes and many revolts
Priests developed complex calendars
Priests performed rituals designedto please the many Aztec gods
Chinampas: Floating gardens
![Page 4: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
IncasBy 1500, their empire stretchedfor almost 2,500 miles along thewest coast of South America
The center of the Incan empirewas the magnificent capital atCuzco located high in the Andes
Cuzco was a holy city to the Incas
The emperor was known as theSapa Inca and was regarded asa god who descended from thesun god
![Page 5: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
IncasMore than 10 million people
Well organized
System of roads coveringmore than 10,000 miles
Skilled engineers
Created terraces:wide steps of land cutout of steep mountainsides
![Page 6: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Superior MilitarySpanish:
• Protected by steel armor• Had guns• Spanish soldiers mounted on horses
Aztecs & Incas:
• Clubs• Bows and arrows• Spears
![Page 7: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Scared of Spanish
Aztec sacred writings predicted that a powerful white-skinned god would come from the east to rule the Aztecs
Moctezuma hearddisturbing reportsof a large housefloating on the sea
Astonishingnewcomersriding horses
Aztecs hesitated to attack at first because they thought the Spanish might be gods
![Page 8: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Weak From Fighting
Incas were weak from fighting amongthemselves over control of their government
![Page 9: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
European Diseases
Chickenpox
Measles
Influenza
Disease alone may have ensuredSpanish victory over the Indians
![Page 10: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ponce De Leon
Traveled through parts of FloridaIn 1513 , looking for a legendaryFountain of Youth
Found no such fountain
![Page 11: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Looked for Fountain of YouthJuan Ponce de Leon
Legendary
Indians claimed that anyone who bathed in itsmagical water would remain young forever.
![Page 12: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
De Soto
From 1539 to 1542, HernandoDe Soto explored Florida andother parts of the Southeast
Search for gold
Reached the Mississippi River
Died along the riverbank withoutfinding the riches he sought
![Page 13: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reached Mississippi River
From 1539 to 1542, HernandoDe Soto explored Florida andother parts of the Southeast
Search for gold
Reached the Mississippi River
Died along the riverbank withoutfinding the riches he sought
![Page 14: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
CoronadoConquistador: Francisco Coronado
Heard legends about “seven cities of gold”
In 1540, he ledan expeditioninto Arizonaand New Mexicoas far as theGrand Canyon
![Page 15: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Explored BorderlandsSpanish search for treasure
Moved north
Spanned present-day US from Florida to California
![Page 16: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Largely Unsuccessful
Ponce de Leon did not finda Fountain of Youth in Florida
Panfilo Narvaez and others werelost at sea after a storm struckhis fleet in the Gulf of Mexico
De Soto died along the MississippiRiver without finding the riches he sought
Strong Indian resistance in the north
![Page 17: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
New SpainEstablished in 1535
The Spanish king put a viceroyin charge to rule in his name
A code called the Laws of theIndies stated how New Spainshould be organized and ruled.
Three kinds of settlements:pueblos, presidios, missions
Included The Borderlands
![Page 18: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Peru
Established in 1535
The Spanish king put a viceroyin charge to rule in his name
A code called the Laws of theIndies stated how Peru shouldbe organized and ruled.
![Page 19: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Laws of the IndiesIn 1535, the king of Spain divided hisAmerican lands into New Spain & Peru
Stated how the colonies of New Spainand Peru should be organized and ruled
The king of Spain set up a strongsystem of government to rule hisgrowing empire
The king put a viceroy in charge ofeach region to rule in his name
The code provided for three kinds ofsettlements in New Spain:pueblos, presidios, and missions
Also set up a strict social system
![Page 20: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pueblos
Towns in New Spain
Centers of farmingand trade
Plaza, or public square, in the middle
Shops and homes lined the four sidesof the plaza
![Page 21: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Presidios
Forts where soldiers livedin New Spain
High, thick walls
Inside were shops, stables,and storehouses for food
Soldiers protected thefarmers who settled nearby
First presidio in the borderlandswas built in 1565 at St. Augustine, Florida
![Page 22: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
MissionsReligious settlements run byCatholic priests and friars
Often forced Indians to liveand work on the missions
Like other Europeans in theAmericas, the Spanish believedthey had a duty to convert theIndians to Christianity
Missionaries gradually spreadacross the Spanish borderlands
![Page 23: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Social Classes
The Laws of the Indies setup a strict social system
People in Spanish colonies weredivided into four social classes:
1. Peninsulares2. Creoles3. Mestizos4. Native Americans
![Page 24: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Peninsulares
Top of the social scale
People born in Spain
Held the highest jobs ingovernment and church
Owned large tracts of landas well as rich gold andsilver mines
![Page 25: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Creoles
People born in the Americasto Spanish parents
Many were wealthy and welleducated
Owned farms and ranches,taught at universities, andpracticed law
Could not hold the jobs thatwere reserved for thepeninsulares
![Page 26: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Mestizos
Mixed Spanish and Indian background
Worked on farms andranches owned bypeninsulares & creoles
Carpenters, shoemakers,tailors, and bankers
![Page 27: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Native AmericansLowest class in Spanish colonies
Treated as conquered people
Kept in poverty for hundreds of years
Spanish government gave settlersencomiendas which were land grantsthat included the right to demandlabor or taxes from Native Americans
Forced to work on ranches, farms,and in gold & silver mines
Death due to hunger, disease, and mistreatment
![Page 28: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
African SlavesSeeking to protect Native Americans Americans, Bartolome De Las Casas suggested Africans be brought as slaves to replace forced Indian laborers
Less likely to die from European diseases
Used to doing hardfarm work in theirhomeland
Atlantic slave trade:The trade of enslavedAfricans across theAtlantic to Americas
Vast majority camefrom West Africa
![Page 29: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
African Slaves
The European demand for African slave labor grew rapidly, not only in New Spain, but elsewhere in the Americas(Caribbean islands, Brazil, British colonies in N. America)
Plantations:Large estates farmedby many workers
Key part ofcolonial economy
![Page 30: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Blend of Cultures
A new way of life took shape in New Spainthat blended Spanish and Indian ways
![Page 31: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Spanish Influences
Spanish settlers brought their own culture to the colonies
Introduced their language, laws, religion, and learning
![Page 32: Spain’s Empire In The Americas. Aztecs Moctezuma: The Aztec emperor who ruled over much of Mexico Settled in central Mexico in the 1300’s Built their.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061517/56649eb55503460f94bbe879/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Native American Influences
Colonists adopted Indian foods
Colonists adopted Indian clothing(poncho and moccasins)
Indian workers used materialsthey knew well (adobe bricks) tobuild libraries, theatres, churches
Indian artists decorated churchwalls with paintings of local traditions