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Anatomy & PhysiologySkeletal Joints

Chapter 6,7, & 8 

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IV. joints; the junction of 2 or more bones

A. function:

1. to hold bones together

2. to permit movement between bones

a. synarthrosis: no movement

b. amphiarthrosis: slight movement

c. diarthrosis: free movement

B. classification by:

1. function:

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2. structural

a. fibrous joints- connected by fibrous CT, tightly bound to each other, no movement.

a) sutures in the skull

b) distal tibiofibular joint

c) tooth in jaw socket

1) examples:

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Fibrous Joints

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b. cartilaginous joints- cartilage joins one bone to another-- little movement

1. symphsis pubis, the joint between pubic bones

2. joint between rib and sternum, costal cartilage

1) examples:

3. Joints between the vertebrae

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Cartilaginous Joints

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c. synovial joints- movable, complex structure

1) examples:

a) elbow

b) knee

c) hip

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2) structure:

a) joint capsuleb) synovial membrane/fluidc) articular cartilaged) joint cavitye) ligaments

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synovial membranes

synovial fluid / cavityarticular cartilage

joint capsuleligaments

periosteum

Joint Cavity

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3) movements:

1) Gliding2) Flexion 3) Extension4) Abduction,5) Adduction,6) Rotation,7) Circumduction,8) Pronation9) Supination10) Protraction11) Retraction12) Eversion13) Inversion14) Opposition

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abduction

adduction

rotation

circumduction

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gliding

extension

extension

flexion

flexion

opposition

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flexion

extension

flexion

extension

dorsiflexion

plantar flexion

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pronatation

supination

protraction retraction

eversion

inversion

elevation depression

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4) types of:

  

a) plane (gliding) jointsb) hinge jointsc) pivot jointsd) condyloid jointse) saddle jointsf) ball and socket joints

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(f) Ball and socket joint