1 2 Water Properties 3 Carbon Compounds 4 Functional Groups.
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Transcript of 1 2 Water Properties 3 Carbon Compounds 4 Functional Groups.
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Water Water PropertiesProperties
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Carbon Carbon CompoundsCompounds
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Functional Functional GroupsGroups
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Bonding of Bonding of CarbonCarbon
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Water & Water & NatureNature
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PolymersPolymers
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HH22O O PropertiePropertie
ss
CarbonCarboncompouncompoun
dsds
FunctionFunctionalal
GroupsGroups
Bonding Bonding of of
CarbonCarbon
Water inWater inNatureNature PolymersPolymers
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Type of bond Type of bond between between
hydrogens & hydrogens & oxygenoxygen
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What is What is covalent?covalent?
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Polar charge Polar charge on each end on each end of a water of a water moleculemolecule
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What is What is positive positive
hydrogen & hydrogen & negative negative oxygen?oxygen?
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Overall Overall charge on a charge on a
water water moleculemolecule
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What is zero What is zero or no or no charge?charge?
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Bonding that Bonding that causes causes
water to water to cling to cling to itselfitself
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What is What is hydrogen hydrogen
bonding or bonding or cohesion?cohesion?
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Attraction of Attraction of water that water that produces produces surface surface tensiontension
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What is What is cohesion?cohesion?
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Compounds Compounds with with
covalently covalently bonded carbon bonded carbon
atomsatoms
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What is an What is an organic organic
compound?compound?
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Number of Number of covalent covalent
bonds carbon bonds carbon can formcan form
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What is What is four?four?
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Number of Number of electrons electrons
shared in a shared in a triple bondtriple bond
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What is six?What is six?
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Glucose in Glucose in cells has cells has
this carbon this carbon shapeshape
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What is a ring What is a ring structure?structure?
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Carbon shape Carbon shape resulting from resulting from the attachment the attachment of side groups of side groups
to a chainto a chain
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What is a What is a branched branched
chain?chain?
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Effect these Effect these groups have groups have on organic on organic compoundscompounds
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What is What is change the change the properties?properties?
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OHOH-- group group gives this gives this
property to property to organic organic
compoundscompounds
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What is an What is an alcohol or alcohol or
polar?polar?
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-COOH group-COOH group
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What is a What is a carboxyl carboxyl group?group?
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-NH-NH22 group is group is found on this found on this
type of type of macromolecumacromolecu
lele
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What are What are proteins?proteins?
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-PO-PO44 group is group is found on this found on this macromolecumacromolecu
lele
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What are What are nucleic nucleic acids?acids?
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Small subunits Small subunits bonded bonded
together to together to make large make large
carbon carbon compoundscompounds
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What are What are monomers?monomers?
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Simplest Simplest type of bond type of bond between two between two carbon atomscarbon atoms
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What is a What is a single single
covalent covalent bond?bond?
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Repeating Repeating linked carbon linked carbon
units or units or monomers monomers make thismake this
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What is a What is a polymer?polymer?
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Large Large polymers are polymers are
called thiscalled this
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What are What are macromoleculmacromolecul
es?es?
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Process that Process that links monomers links monomers
by removing by removing molecules of molecules of
waterwater
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What is What is condensation condensation
or or dehydration dehydration synthesis?synthesis?
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Allows some Allows some insects to insects to
walk across walk across the top of the top of
waterwater
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What is What is surface surface tension?tension?
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Adhesion and Adhesion and cohesion cohesion
produce this produce this property in property in
plantsplants
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What is What is capillarity?capillarity?
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Responsible Responsible for the for the upward upward
movement of movement of water in water in plantsplants
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What is What is capillarity?capillarity?
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Must occur for Must occur for water to water to
change from change from water into ice water into ice
at 0at 0oCoC
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Lost or gain Lost or gain of a lot of of a lot of
energyenergy
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Extra energy Extra energy absorbed by absorbed by
water to water to change its change its
state breaks state breaks thesethese
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What are What are hydrogen hydrogen bonds?bonds?
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Meaning of Meaning of the prefix the prefix
poly-?poly-?
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What is What is many?many?
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Process that Process that breaks down breaks down
polymerspolymers
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What is What is hydrolysis?hydrolysis?
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Molecule Molecule removed to removed to
break break polymers polymers
into into monomersmonomers
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What is What is water?water?
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Amino acids Amino acids link to make link to make this polymerthis polymer
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What are What are polypeptides polypeptides or proteins?or proteins?
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Backbone Backbone element in element in
organic organic polymerspolymers
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What is What is carbon?carbon?
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Energy for Energy for CellsCells
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CarbohydratCarbohydrateses
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ProteinsProteins
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EnzymesEnzymes
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LipidsLipids
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Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids
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Energy Energy forforLifeLife
CarbohydrateCarbohydratess
ProteinProteinss
EnzymEnzymeses
LipidsLipids NucleiNucleicc
AcidsAcids
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Type of carbon Type of carbon to carbon to carbon
covalent bond covalent bond storing the storing the
most energymost energy
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What is a What is a quadruple (4) quadruple (4)
bond?bond?
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MacromoleculMacromolecules that can es that can store the store the
most energymost energy
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What are What are lipids or fats?lipids or fats?
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Original source Original source of energy of energy stored in stored in organic organic
compoundscompounds
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What is What is sunlight?sunlight?
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Energy Energy molecule molecule
stored in cellsstored in cells
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What is What is ATP?ATP?
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Functional Functional group found group found
on ATPon ATP
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What is the What is the phosphate phosphate
group?group?
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Monomer for Monomer for carbohydratecarbohydrate
ss
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What are What are monosaccarhidmonosaccarhid
es?es?
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Three Three simple simple sugarssugars
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What are What are glucose, glucose,
fructose, & fructose, & galactose?galactose?
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General General formula for formula for
any any monosaccharimonosacchari
dede
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What is What is CC66HH1212OO66 or or (CH(CH22O)O)nn??
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Sucrose is Sucrose is this type of this type of carbohydracarbohydra
tete
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What is a What is a disaccharidedisaccharide
??
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Two common Two common polysaccharidpolysaccharid
es found in es found in plantsplants
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What are What are cellulose & cellulose &
starch?starch?
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Monomers Monomers of proteinsof proteins
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What are What are amino amino acids?acids?
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Bond that Bond that forms forms
between between amino acidsamino acids
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What is a What is a peptide peptide bond?bond?
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Two functional Two functional groups found groups found
on amino acidson amino acids
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What are the What are the amino (-NHamino (-NH22) & ) &
carboxyl (-carboxyl (-COOH) groupsCOOH) groups??
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Temperate Temperate and pH can and pH can have this have this
effect on a effect on a proteinprotein
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What is What is change shape change shape or denture?or denture?
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Main Main difference difference among the among the
twenty amino twenty amino acidsacids
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What are the What are the side or R side or R groups?groups?
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Enzymes are Enzymes are this type of this type of
macromoleculmacromoleculee
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What are What are proteins?proteins?
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Reactant Reactant catalyzed by catalyzed by an enzymean enzyme
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What is a What is a substrate?substrate?
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Effect on the Effect on the enzyme enzyme
whenever the whenever the reactant joins reactant joins
itit
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What is What is change change shape?shape?
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Effect on an Effect on an enzyme of enzyme of
changing pH changing pH or or
temperaturetemperature
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What is What is change the change the enzyme’s enzyme’s shape?shape?
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Enzyme lipase Enzyme lipase digests thesedigests these
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What are What are lipids?lipids?
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Can store lots Can store lots of energy of energy
because of a because of a large number large number
of these of these
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What are What are carbon-carbon-
hydrogen hydrogen bonds?bonds?
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Hydrophilic Hydrophilic end of a fatty end of a fatty
acidacid
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What is the What is the carboxyl carboxyl
end?end?
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Alcohol Alcohol forming the forming the backbone of backbone of
fatsfats
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What is What is glycerol?glycerol?
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Makes a fatty Makes a fatty acid acid
saturatedsaturated
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What is all What is all single bonds single bonds
between between carbons in carbons in
chain?chain?
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Two fatty Two fatty acids joined acids joined
with a with a molecule of molecule of
glycerol in cell glycerol in cell membranesmembranes
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What is a What is a phospholipid?phospholipid?
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Five Five elements in elements in
nucleic nucleic acidsacids
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What is What is CHONP?CHONP?
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Pentose Pentose sugar on sugar on
DNADNA
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What is What is deoxyribosedeoxyribose
??
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Copies DNA Copies DNA so proteins so proteins
can be madecan be made
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What is What is RNA?RNA?
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Monomers of Monomers of nucleic acidsnucleic acids
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What are What are nucleotides?nucleotides?
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Along with a Along with a sugar & sugar &
phosphate, the phosphate, the 33rdrd part of a part of a nucleotidenucleotide
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What is a What is a nitrogen-nitrogen-
containing containing base?base?
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Final Final JeopardyJeopardy
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MacromolecuMacromoleculesles
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Cholesterol is Cholesterol is this type of this type of
macromoleculmacromoleculee
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What is a What is a steroid?steroid?
