Carbon compounds.
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Carbon compounds. Organic compounds
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Carbon compounds. Organic compounds. Why carbon counts. One carbon atom can make 4 possible covalent bonds. Living molecules are made from molecules that contain carbon. Carbon bonds can form long chains that can be unlimited in length. Carbon is the most versatile element. . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Carbon compounds.
Carbon compounds.
Carbon compounds.Organic compoundsWhy carbon countsOne carbon atom can make 4 possible covalent bonds. Living molecules are made from molecules that contain carbon. Carbon bonds can form long chains that can be unlimited in length. Carbon is the most versatile element. Covalent bonds are strong- share electrons. Single double or triple bonds of many structures to form many different possilbe compounds. 2Organic compounds Groups of organic molecules that contain carbon: CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic acids
Organic- from living matter. 3Monomers the small subunits that ultimately link together to form larger molecules are calledmonomers. Mono - oneWhen a bunch of monomers join together into a much larger molecule, they form apolymer. Poly- many
Macromoleculesgiant molecules Comprised of monomers that like together through polymerization. many small subunits make one large unitWe consume the macromolecule, but it is later broken down into these smaller monomers to be used in out body.
polymer5What you need to know about carbs!!Carbohydratesare an important source of energy for cells and provide a means of transporting and storing that energy. They are also a structural support.
Add to chart! We think of carbs as bread and pasta but their main use is energy useage. When eat too many carbs we store the sugars. 6Count your carbs!Carbohydrates = energy for cells.Carbohydrates are made of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), or CHO, in an approximate ratio of 1:2:1.All sugars are carbohydrates. Another word for sugar is saccharide.
Count ratio like you count carbs you eat7Carbohydrates Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen1:2:1 ratio Main source of energyC6H12O6
monomerMonosaccharide- monomerGlucose, C6H12O6Galactose, C6H12O6Fructose, C6H12O6
When 2 monosaccharides join together, they form a disaccharide through dehydration synthesis.
Differ in arrangement of atoms. 9Monosaccharides Monomer- monosaccharide simple sugarssucrose common table sugar = glucose + fructoselactose major sugar in milk = glucose + galactosemaltose product of starch digestion = glucose + glucose
These are what carbs are broken down to in our body. We consume them as larger macromolecule. 10Carb review!What is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in a carbohydrate molecule. Why do we need carbohydrates?What is dehydration synthesis?Lipids Fats, oils, waxes, detergentsInsoluble in waterMade of mostly carbon and hydrogen
Bend makes it hard to stack on top of one another so they are more loosely packed. 12HydrophobicLipids are hydrophobic water fearing!!
Lipids are used for long term energy storage. Create structure of the cell membrane.Transmit informationWarmth and protection
Triglyceride Oils and fats Glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acidsButter, oil, lardStore almost twice as many calories as carbohydrates, more energy! Saturated vs unsaturated SaturatedUnsaturatedAnimal fats (meat, eggs, dairy products)Oils ( olive oil, peanut oil)
no double bonds; saturated with hydrogen.Contains double bond.Solid at room temperatureLiquid at room temperature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=HgH6C1itI08
ProteinsContain: nitrogen,(N) carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O)Monomer: amino acids Amino group (NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (COOH) on the other end. What distinguishes amino acids is the R group.
Amino acids are joined together in proteins by peptide bonds.A peptide bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the adjacent amino acid.
Why we need proteinsEach protein has a specific role.Transport HormonalStorage Form muscle/boneEnzymes Fight disease
Protein foldingProteins are chains of amino acids folded up into complex arrangements. First level of organization amino acids in a protein chain held together by peptide bonds.Second level of organization the chain is twisted or folded. (helix or sheet)Third level- the chains themselves are folded to make a 3D structure. Fourth level- 3D structure of multiple protein subunits. 22https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-ctkPUUpUc
Nucleic acidsContain Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Carbon (C), and Phosphorus (P). Monomer- nucleotide5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base.
Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information. DNA and RNANucleic acids
