Post on 10-Mar-2020
S A M P L E
CHEMISTRYWritten examination
Day Date Reading time: *.** to *.** (15 minutes) Writing time: *.** to *.** (2 hours 30 minutes)
QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK
Structure of bookSection Number of
questionsNumber of questions
to be answeredNumber of
marksA 30 30 30B 10 10 90
Total 120
• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers, sharpeners,rulersandonescientificcalculator.
• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orcorrectionfluid/tape.
Materials supplied• Questionandanswerbookof41pages• Databook• Answersheetformultiple-choicequestionsInstructions• Writeyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedaboveonthispage.• Checkthatyourname andstudent numberasprintedonyouranswersheetformultiple-choice
questionsarecorrect,andsignyournameinthespaceprovidedtoverifythis.• Unlessotherwiseindicated,thediagramsinthisbookarenotdrawntoscale.• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.At the end of the examination• Placetheanswersheetformultiple-choicequestionsinsidethefrontcoverofthisbook.• Youmaykeepthedatabook.
Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.
©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2017
Version2–April2017
SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certificate of Education Year
STUDENT NUMBER
Letter
CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE) 2 Version2–April2017
SECTION A – continued
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eaQuestion 1
MethaneisarenewableenergysourcewhenitisextractedfromA. naturalgas.B. coalseamgas.C. underthesedimentonoceanfloors.D. decomposingplantandanimalmaterial.
Question 2Whichstatementaboutpetrodieselandbiodieseliscorrect?A. Petrodieselemitssoot(smallcarbonparticles)whenburningisincomplete;biodieselispollutant-free.B. Petrodieselisproducedbydistillingcrudeoil;biodieselisproducedbyesterificationoffattyacids.C. Petrodieselconsistsoflong-chainhydrocarbons;biodieselcontainsbenzeneanditsderivatives.D. Petrodieselhasgreaterviscosityandhenceflowsmoreslowlyalongfuellinesthanbiodiesel.
Question 3Whichoneofthefollowingsubstancespresentinfoodprovidesthelowestamountofenergypergramforthehumanbody?A. tristearin(atriglyceride)B. alanine(anaminoacid)C. cellulose(apolysaccharide)D. fructose(amonosaccharide)
Question 4Asubstancethatcouldbeformedasaproductwhenapolysaccharideundergoesenzyme-catalysedhydrolysisisA. H2OB. CO2
C. C6H12O6
D. CH2OH.CHOH.CH2OH
SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions
Instructions for Section AAnswerall questionsinpencilontheanswersheetprovidedformultiple-choicequestions.Choosetheresponsethatiscorrect orthatbest answers thequestion.Acorrectanswerscores1;anincorrectanswerscores0.Markswillnotbedeductedforincorrectanswers.Nomarkswillbegivenifmorethanoneansweriscompletedforanyquestion.Unlessotherwiseindicated,thediagramsinthisbookarenotdrawntoscale.
Version2–April2017 3 CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE)
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Question 5Insulinisaproteinthatcontrolsaperson’sbloodsugarlevel.Astudenttestedfourseparatesamplesofpureinsulinintheformofsolidcrystals.Inwhichoneofthefollowingtestswouldtheprimarystructureofaninsulinsamplemostlikelybedisrupted?A. Dissolvethecrystalsinhydrochloricacid,addtheenzymepepsin,thenheatthesolution.B. Dissolvethecrystalsinwater,thenblendthesolutionataveryhighspeed.C. Dissolvethecrystalsinsodiumhydroxidesolution,thenheatthesolution.D. Dissolvethecrystalsinwater,thencoolthesolutioninanicebath.
Question 6Agroupofstudentsperformedacid-basetitrationstodeterminethemassofaspirininsometablets.Themanufacturerguaranteedthatthetrueaspirincontentwasbetween300mgand303mgpertablet.Whichsetofresultsforthemassofaspirininthetabletstestedwouldbedescribedasofrelativelyhighprecisionandrelativelylowaccuracy?A. 278mg,280mg,279mg,281mgB. 301mg,299mg,302mg,300mgC. 295mg,301mg,306mg,299mgD. 282mg,312mg,289mg,306mg
Question 7Whenhydrochloricacid,HCl,isaddedtoaluminiumsulfide,Al2S3,thehighlytoxicgashydrogensulfide,H2S,isevolved.Theequationforthisreactionis
Al2S3(s)+6HCl(aq)→2A1C13(aq)+3H2S(g)
Ifexcesshydrochloricacidisaddedto0.200molofaluminiumsulfide,thenthevolumeofhydrogensulfideproducedatstandardlaboratoryconditions(SLC)willbeA. 1.63LB. 4.90LC. 7.35LD. 14.7L
CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE) 4 Version2–April2017
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Use the following information to answer Questions 8 and 9.GhimLiwishestoinvestigatetheeffectofpHontheactivityoftheenzymeprotease.
Question 8GhimLiperformshertestsinflasksthatareplacedinawaterbathtokeeptheflasksandtheircontentsataconstanttemperatureof37°C.Undertheseconditions,thetemperatureatwhichtheexperimentisconductedisreferredtoastheA. control.B. dependentvariable.C. controlledvariable.D. independentvariable.
Question 9Inonetest,GhimLiraisesthepHofasolutioncontainingthereactantsandtheenzymeto13.0Whichoneofthefollowingwilloccur?A. Therateofthereactionthattheenzymeiscatalysingwillincrease.B. Thehydrogenbondingholdingtheenzymeinitsshapewillnotbedisrupted.C. AnyNH3
+andCOOHgroupsontheenzymewillbechangedtoNH2andCOO–groups.D. Thenatureofthebondinginteractionsbetweentheenzymeandthesubstratewillremainthesame.
Version2–April2017 5 CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE)
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Question 10Beta-caroteneisfoundnaturallyinorangeandyellowvegetables.Inhumans,itcanbeconvertedtovitaminA1, asshownintheflowchartbelow.
O
OH
beta-carotene
retinal
retinol(vitamin A1)
TheinformationintheflowchartindicatesthatA. allthreecompoundscanbedistinguishedbytheirinfra-redspectra.B. allthreecompoundsareclassifiedassaturatedhydrocarbons.C. allthreecompoundswouldbehighlysolubleinwater.D. retinalisaketone,whileretinolisanalcohol.
CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE) 6 Version2–April2017
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Question 11Themassspectrumofpropanoicacid,CH3CH2COOH,isshownbelow.
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45m/z
50 55 60 65 70 75
100
80
60
40
relativeintensity
20
0
Data:SDBSWeb;http://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp, NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology
Thepeakatm/z74A. representstheparentioncontainingthecarbon-13isotope.B. representsthespecies[CH3CH2COOH]+.C. representsthespeciesCH3CH2COOH.D. iscommonlyknownasthebasepeak.
Question 12Considerthefollowingenergyprofileforaparticularchemicalreaction,whereI,IIandIIIrepresententhalpychangesduringthereaction.
I
II
IIIenthalpy(kJ mol–1) reactants
products
Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A. Theactivationenergyforthereversereactionis(III–II).B. ThenetenergyreleasedfortheforwardreactionisrepresentedbyII.C. TheenergyrequiredtobreakthereactantbondsisrepresentedbyII.D. TheenergyreleasedbytheformationofnewbondsisrepresentedbyI.
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Question 13Theoxidationofsulfurdioxideisanexothermicreaction,asshownintheequationbelow.Thereactioniscatalysedbyvanadium(V)oxide.
2SO2(g)+O2(g)→2SO3(g)
Whichoneofthefollowingenergyprofilediagramscorrectlyrepresentsboththecatalysedandtheuncatalysedreactions?
enthalpy(kJ mol–1)
enthalpy(kJ mol–1)
enthalpy(kJ mol–1)
enthalpy(kJ mol–1)
A. B.
C. D.
catalysed reactionuncatalysed reaction
Key
Question 14Theequationforthefermentationofglucose,C6H12O6,inthepresenceofyeastisshownbelow.
C6H12O6(aq)yeast
2C2H5OH(aq)+2CO2(g)
Data
Reactant or product Concentration (g mol–1)
C6H12O6 180.0
C2H5OH 46.0
CO2 44.0
Whatisthepercentageatomeconomyfortheproductionofethanolbythisreaction?A. 25.6%B. 50.0%C. 51.1%D. 100%
CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE) 8 Version2–April2017
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Use the following information to answer Questions 15 and 16.Thenumberofmoleculespresentinasampleofoxygen,O2,gasincertainconditionshasadistributionofkineticenergiesshownbyCurve1inthegraphbelow.Afteronechangeismadetotheoriginalconditions,asecondcurveisdrawnonthesameaxes(Curve2).Theareasunderthetwocurvesarethesame.
Curve 1
Curve 2number of
O2 molecules
kinetic energy (J) Ea
Question 15WhatchangewasmadetotheoriginalconditionsshownbyCurve1,whichledtothedistributionshownbyCurve2?A. TheO2samplewasheated.B. MoreO2moleculeswereaddedtothecontainer.C. Apowderedcatalystwasblownintothecontainer.D. SomeO2moleculeswereremovedfromthecontainer.
Question 16Onthegraph,EarepresentstheactivationenergyforareactionbetweenO2andanothergas.Underitsfinalconditions,representedbyCurve2,thenumberofmoleculesofO2inthesamplethathavesufficientenergytoreactisrepresentedbytheA. areaunderCurve2totherightofEa.B. maximumheightofCurve2.C. totalareaunderCurve2.D. heightofCurve2atEa.
Version2–April2017 9 CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE)
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Question 17Largedepositsofmethanehydratehavebeendiscovereddeepunderthesedimentontheoceanfloor.Ithasbeensuggestedthatmethanehydratedepositscouldbecommerciallyminedtoprovideacleanfueloncethetrappedmethaneisextracted.Methanehydratehasacomplexstructure.ThesimplifiedformulaformethanehydrateisCH4·6H2O.Theamountofenergyreleasedbythecompletecombustionofmethaneextractedfroma1.00kgsampleofCH4·6H2OatSLCisA. 8.89×102kJB. 7.17×103kJC. 4.30×104kJD. 5.56×104kJ
Question 18InrechargeablebatteriesA. theanodealwayshasanegativepolarity.B. whenthecelldischarges,itactsasagalvaniccell.C. whenthecellrecharges,electronsmustflowintothepositiveelectrode.D. theproductsofthehalf-cellreactionsmigratebackandforthbetweentheelectrodes.
Question 19
H HC
H
CH C C C H
H HH H
H
H
H
HHH
C
C HH
C
H
HH
C
WhatisthecorrectIUPACsystematicnameforthecompoundshownabove?A. 4,5-dimethylheptaneB. 3,4-dimethylheptaneC. 4-methyl-5-ethylhexaneD. 2-ethyl-3-methylhexane
Question 20CoenzymeQ10isasubstanceproducedbythehumanbody.Itisinvolvedintheprocessofcellularrespiration,whichistheprimarysourceofenergyinbodycells.InwhichoneofthefollowingprocessesiscoenzymeQ10mostlikelyinvolved?A. favouringtheforwardreactionofcellularrespirationB. actingasanantioxidanttoremoveelectronsfromthecellC. enablingthetransportofcarbondioxideawayfromthecellD. changingtheorientationofatomsattheactivesiteofthesubstrate
CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE) 10 Version2–April2017
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Use the following information to answer Questions 21–23.Potassiummetal,K,wasdiscoveredin1807inEnglandbySirHumphryDavy.Small,shinybeadsofmoltenpotassiumwereproducedwhenanelectriccurrentfromanearlybatterywaspassedthroughmoltenpotassiumhydroxide,KOH.Theelectrolyticcellisshowninthediagrambelow.
anode(graphite)
cathode(graphite)
globules ofmolten potassium
molten KOH
strong heat
Question 21Whatcurrentwasflowingthroughthecellif0.152gofmoltenpotassiumwasproducedinthefirstminute?A. 4.00×10–8 AB. 2.42×10–6 AC. 6.25AD. 375A
Question 22 IfinsteadDavyhadelectrolyseda1.0MKOHsolutionat25°C,stillusinggraphiteelectrodes,whatmainproductswouldbeobservedattheanodeandcathode,respectively?A. carbondioxidegas,hydrogengasB. oxygengas,moltenpotassiumC. carbondioxidegas,oxygengasD. oxygengas,hydrogengas
Question 23Today,somemetalsarestillextractedfromtheirmoltencompoundsusingelectrolyticcells.Aluminiumisextractedfromitsmoltenoxide,Al2O3,byelectrolysis.If0.60molofelectronsarepassedthroughmoltenAl2O3,whatamountofaluminiumwillbeproduced?A. 0.20molB. 0.30molC. 0.60molD. 0.90mol
Version2–April2017 11 CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE)
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Use the following information to answer Questions 24 and 25.Titaniumisawidelyusedmetalthatisextractedfromitsore,titaniumdioxide,TiO2,intwostages.
Stage1 Theimpureoxideisconvertedtotitanium(IV)chloride,TiCl4,at1000°C. Theequationforthisreactionis
Reaction1 TiO2(s)+2Cl2(g)+2C(s)→TiCl4(g)+2CO(g)
TheTiCl4isthenpurifiedinanatmosphereofargongas.
Stage2 ThepureTiCl4vapourisreactedwithmoltenmagnesium,Mg,inanatmosphereofargongasat1000°C. Theequationforthisreactionis
Reaction2 TiCl4(g)+2Mg(l)→Ti(s)+2MgCl2(l)
Thisreactiontakesabouttwodays.Thetitaniummetalproducedisthenprocessedtopurifyit.
Question 24Whichstatementaboutthetworeactionsiscorrect?A. TheconjugateoxidisingagentofTiCl4inReaction2isTi.B. TheconjugatereducingagentofCinReaction1isCO.C. Boththecarbonandmagnesiumactasreducingagents.D. InReaction1,chlorinegasoxidisesTiO2toTiCl4.
Question 25Inthetworeactions,themostlikelyroleofargongasistoA. reducetheriskofanexplosionoccurringathightemperatures.B. drivethereactionsforwardtoincreasethepercentageyield.C. excludeoxygenandhencepreventTifromformingoxides.D. actasacatalysttolowerthecostofproduction.
Question 26Hydrogen,H2,isproducedonanindustrialscalefrommethane,CH4.Theequationforthereactionis
2H2O(g)+CH4(g)⇌CO2(g)+4H2(g)
Ifaninertgasisaddedtotheequilibriumsystemataconstanttemperatureandaconstantvolume,theconcentrationofH2willA. increase.B. decrease.C. notchange.D. decreasethenincrease.
CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE) 12 Version2–April2017
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Question 27Whichoneofthefollowingskeletalstructuresrepresentsaprimaryamide?
H
H
H
HN
N
O
O
O
HN
O
H
H
HH
H
HCN
N
H
HH
O
O
A. B.
C. D.
Question 28
NaOH(aq)
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
HCl, solid AlCl3 catalyst NH3 (dissolved in ethanol)X Y Z
Whatarethesemi-structuralformulasofX,YandZforthereactionpathwayshownabove?
X Y Z
A. CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2
B. CH3CH2CHCH2 CH3CH2CHClCH3 CH3CH2CHNH2CH3
C. CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CHCl2 CH3CH2CH2CONH2
D. CH3CH2CHCH2 CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2
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END OF SECTION ATURN OVER
Use the following information to answer Questions 29 and 30.Rubystandardisedacitricacid,C6H8O7,solutionagainstapreviouslystandardisedsodiumhydroxide,NaOH,solution.Theequationforthetitrationreactionwas
C6H8O7(aq)+3NaOH(aq)→Na3C6H5O7(aq)+3H2O(l)
Question 29Ruby’sresultsareshowninthetablebelow.
Quantity Measurement
volumeofNaOHsolution 20.00mL
molarityofNaOHsolution 0.125M
meantitreofC6H8O7solution 23.6mL
Whatwastheconcentrationofcitricacidinthesolution?A. 0.035MB. 0.049MC. 0.105MD. 0.316M
Question 30UnknowntoRuby,theNaOHsolutionsuppliedhadabsorbedsomecarbondioxide,CO2,fromtheair.CO2isweaklyacidicandreactswithNaOH.WhattypeoferrorwillthiscontaminationoftheNaOHleadtointhisanalysis,andwhatwillbeitslikelyeffectonthemeantitreofcitricacid?
Type of error Likely effect on the mean titre of citric acid
A. random greaterthanwouldbeifnocontaminationhadoccurred
B. random lowerthanwouldbeifnocontaminationhadoccurred
C. systematic greaterthanwouldbeifnocontaminationhadoccurred
D. systematic lowerthanwouldbeifnocontaminationhadoccurred
CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE) 14 Version2–April2017
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SECTION B – Question 1–continued
Question 1 (7marks)Whenmakingsaladsandwiches,Tomprefershomemademayonnaiseonhisbread,whileGitaprefersasoft,solidspreadthatismadefromhydrogenatedvegetableoil.Tommakeshismayonnaisewitholiveoil.Whenoliveoilismetabolised,onefattyacidthatisproducedislinoleicacid.Itsskeletalstructureisshownbelow.
O
OH
linoleic acid
Gita’sfavouritevegetableoilspreadismanufacturedfromcanolaoil.Whencanolaoilismetabolised,onefattyacidthatisproducediselaidicacid.Itsskeletalstructureisshownbelow.
O
OH
elaidic acid
a. Onbothoftheskeletalstructuresabove,circleallC=Cdoublebondsthatshowacisconfiguration. 1mark
b. Islinoleicacidclassifiedasanomega-3fattyacidorasanomega-6fattyacid?Justifyyouranswer. 2marks
SECTION B
Instructions for Section BAnswerallquestionsinthespacesprovided.Writeusingblueorblackpen.Givesimplifiedanswerstoallnumericalquestions,withanappropriatenumberofsignificantfigures;unsimplifiedanswerswillnotbegivenfullmarks.Showallworkinginyouranswerstonumericalquestions;nomarkswillbegivenforanincorrectanswerunlessitisaccompaniedbydetailsoftheworking.Ensurechemicalequationsarebalancedandthattheformulasforindividualsubstancesincludeanindicationofstate,forexample,H2(g),NaCl(s).Unlessotherwiseindicated,thediagramsinthisbookarenotdrawntoscale.
Version2–April2017 15 CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE)
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
c. Chooseoneofthefattyacidsbelowbyticking()theboxbesideitandindicateifitissaturated,monounsaturatedorpolyunsaturated. 1mark
linoleicacid
elaidicacid
d. Consideratriglyceridethatcontainsthreelinoleicacidtailsandatriglyceridethathasthreeelaidicacidtails.
Predictwhichofthesetwotriglycerideswouldhavethehighermeltingpoint.Justifyyouranswer. 3marks
CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE) 16 Version2–April2017
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SECTION B – continued
Question 2 (5marks)Amylaseisanenzymethatcatalysesthehydrolysisofstarchandsugarsintoglucose.Therearetwomodelsthatexplainhowenzymeswork:thelock-and-keymodelandtheinducedfitmodel.
a. Applyyourunderstandingofthelock-and-keymodeltodrawandannotateasetofsimplediagramstoexplainhowamylasecatalysesthehydrolysisofadisaccharide. 3marks
b. Ifinsteadtheamylasecatalysesthehydrolysisofadisaccharideaccordingtotheinducedfitmodel,inwhatway(s)wouldtheinteractionbedifferent?Youmayuselabelleddiagramstoexplainyouranswer. 2marks
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
Question 3 (6marks)Thefollowingtablelistsastudent’ssummarynotesaboutfoodchemistry.Itcontainssomecorrectandincorrectstatements.
Statementnumber
Statement
1 Themonomersofstarcharebondedbyglycosidiclinksandthemonomersofproteinsarebondedbypeptidelinks.
2 Thehydrolysisofaproteinrequiresthepresenceofbothanenzymeandacoenzyme.
3 Anenzymecanonlycatalyseaspecificbiochemicalreactiononce,sinceitisconsumedinthereaction.
4 Sucroseisadisaccharideformedbyacondensationreactionbetweenthemonomersglucoseandfructose.
5 Fatshavelowermeltingpointsthanoilsbuttheyarebothclassifiedastriglycerides.
6 Whenanoilishydrolysed,glycerolandthreefattyacidsareproduced.
7 Oxidativerancidityoccurswhenasaturatedtriglycerideisexposedtooxygen.Thiscausesthesaturatedtriglyceridetoformcompoundssuchasaldehydesandketones.
8 Antioxidantsarereducingagentsthatslowdowntherateofoxidativerancidity.
9 Thedenaturationofaproteinisthebreakingdownofitssecondaryandtertiarystructures.
10 Zwitterionsareionsthatareproducedwhenaproteinisbrokendownbyheat.
a. Identifytwocorrectstatementsbywritingthestatementnumbersintheboxesprovidedbelow. 2marks
Statementnumber Statementnumber
b. Identifytwoincorrectstatementsbywritingthestatementnumbersinthetableprovidedbelow. Explainwhyeachstatementisincorrect. 4marks
Statement number
Explanation
CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE) 18 Version2–April2017
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SECTION B – Question 4–continued
Question 4 (6marks)Claireisanalysingasampleofpainttodeterminetheorganicsolventsthatarepresent.Sheseparatesthedifferentcompoundsandanalyseseachoneusinginfra-red(IR)spectroscopy,and13Cand1HNMRspectroscopy.ClairefindsthatoneofthecompoundsthatsheisolateshasamolecularformulaofC5H10O.Theresultsforthiscompoundforeachtypeofspectroscopyusedareshowninthespectraonpages18–20.Usetheinformationprovidedtoanswerthequestionsonpage21.
wave number (cm–1)
IR spectrum100
50
0
transmittance(%)
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500
Data:SDBSWeb;http://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp, NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology
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SECTION B – Question 4–continuedTURN OVER
200220 180 160 140 120 100 80ppm
60 40 20 0
13C NMR spectrum
Data:SDBSWeb;http://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp, NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology
CHEMISTRY(SAMPLE) 20 Version2–April2017
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SECTION B – Question 4–continued
9 8 7 6 5ppm
4 3 2 1 0
1H NMR spectrum
Data:SDBSWeb;http://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp, NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology
1H NMR data
Chemical shift Splitting pattern
1.0 3
2.4 4
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
a. FromtheIRspectrumofthecompound,identifytheorganicfamilytowhichthiscompoundbelongs.Justifyyouranswerbyreferringtotherelevantwavenumber. 2marks
b. Drawastructuralformulaforthiscompoundthatisconsistentwiththedataprovided.Explainyourreasoningbyreferringtothisdata. 4marks
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SECTION B – Question 5–continued
Question 5 (12marks)Ascorbicacid,alsocalledvitaminC,isanorganicacidthatplaysavitalroleinhumanhealth.ItsmolecularformulaisC6H8O6.CitrusfruitareacommonsourceofvitaminC.Inthefollowingexperiment,theconcentrationofvitaminCpresentinthejuicefromabatchoffreshlysqueezedlemonswasdeterminedbycarryingoutadirectredoxtitrationagainstthetri-iodideion.Thetri-iodideionisproducedwheniodinesolution,I2,andiodidesolution,I–,aremixedtogether.
I2(aq)+I–(aq)→ I3–(aq)
Theoverallredoxreactionoccurringis
C6H8O6(aq)+I3–(aq)→C6H6O6(aq)+2H+(aq)+3I–(aq)
a. Identifytheoxidisingagentinthistitrationreaction. 1mark
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SECTION B – Question 5–continuedTURN OVER
Forthetitration,a20.00mLsampleofpurelemonjuicewasmadeupto250.00mLwithde-ionisedwaterina250mLvolumetricflask.Then,25.00mLaliquotsofthedilutedlemonjuiceweretransferredtoconicalflasksandtitratedagainstapreviouslystandardised2.000×10–4MI3–solution,whichwaslightbrownincolour.Todetectthe endpoint,starchwasaddedwhenthemixturebecameaverypalebrown.Thisstarchindicatorturnedfromdeepbluetocolourlessattheendpoint.Theaveragetitrewasfoundtobe15.65mL.
b. i. Calculatetheamount,inmoles,ofI3–presentintheaveragetitre. 1mark
ii. Calculatetheamount,inmoles,ofC6H8O6presentineach25.00mLaliquotofdilutedlemonjuice. 1mark
iii. CalculatethemolarityofC6H8O6intheoriginalsampleofpurelemonjuice.Hence,statetheconcentrationofvitaminCinthelemonjuice. 3marks
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SECTION B – continued
c. TheskeletalstructuresofvitaminCandvitaminD3areshownbelow.
O O
OO
O
O
H
H
H
H
vitamin C
OH
vitamin D3
i. Aswithmostorganiccompoundsmetabolisedbythehumanbody,vitaminsexistaspairsofopticalisomers.OnlytheopticalisomerofvitaminC,whichisshownintheskeletalstructureabove,occursnaturally.
OntheskeletalstructureofvitaminC,circlethetwochiralcarbons. 2marks
ii. Inhumans,theenzymeknownasL-ascorbateoxidasecanbreakdownonlythenaturallyoccurringopticalisomerofvitaminC.
Explainwhythisenzymewouldnotbreakdowntheotheropticalisomer. 2marks
iii. Theanalysisofthelemonjuiceinpart b.waspossiblebecausevitaminCiswater-soluble.
Intermsofitsstructure,explainwhyvitaminCiswater-solublewhilevitaminD3isnot. 2marks
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
CONTINUES OVER PAGE
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SECTION B – Question 6–continued
Question 6 (6marks)Theglycaemicindex(GI)isavalueassignedtofoodsbasedonhowslowlyorquicklythecarbohydratesinfoodsarebrokendowntocauseanincreaseinbloodsugarlevels.TheGIofpureglucoseisassignedavalueof100.Foodsmaybeclassifiedashavingalow,mediumorhighGIaccordingtothevaluesgiveninthetablebelow.
Glycaemic index (GI) Value
low ≤55
medium 56–69
high ≥70
CarbohydrateswithlowGIvaluesaremoreslowlydigested,absorbedandmetabolised,andcausealowerandslowerriseinbloodglucoselevelsthancarbohydrateswithhigherGIvalues.In2016,aresearchteamatTuftsUniversityundertookastudytodeterminewhetherGIvaluesareaccurateandreproducible.Sixty-threevolunteerswererecruitedforthestudythatinvolvedsixtestingsessionsover12weeks.Eachsessioninvolvedthevolunteersrandomlybeinggivenafoodsampleofwhitebread (asimplecarbohydratethatwasusedasthetestfood)oraglucosedrink(usedasareferencecontrol).Eachfoodsamplecontained50gramsofavailablecarbohydrate.BloodglucoselevelsweremeasuredatmultiplepointsforfivehoursaftereatingandtheGIvaluewascalculatedusingstandardformulas.TheteamfoundthatthemeanGIvalueofwhitebreadforthestudypopulationwas62,placingitinthecategoryoffoodswithamediumGIvalue.However,deviationsaveraged15pointsineitherdirection,effectivelyplacingwhitebreadinallthreeGIcategories.TheteamfoundthatvariationsinGIvaluesdifferedacrossindividualsaswellaswithinthesameindividualbetweentrials,butbiologicalfactorssuchasgender,bodymassindexandphysicalactivityhadonlyaminoreffectonthevariabilityofGIvalues.
a. WhyisglucoseusedasthestandardfordeterminingGIvalues? 1mark
b. Whatismeantbytheterm‘availablecarbohydrate’? 1mark
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
c. Glucoseisusedasthemainfuelbythebrainandnervoussystem,andisthepreferredsourceoffuelformostorgansandmusclesduringexercise.
SuggestwhyathletesmayprefertoincludefoodswithhighGIvaluesintheirdiet. 2marks
d. Withreferencetothefindingsofthestudy,commentonafoodlabelclaimthataproducthasalowGIvalue. 2marks
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SECTION B – Question 7–continued
Question 7 (10marks)Acarmanufacturerisplanningtosellhybridcarspoweredbyatypeofhydrogenfuelcellconnectedtoanickelmetalhydride,NiMH,battery.Arepresentationofthehydrogenfuelcellisshownbelow.
NiMHbattery
H2(g) O2(g)
product outH2(g) → 2H+(aq) + 2e–
A
anode
B
cathodeswitch
polymerelectrolytemembrane
C
Theoverallcellreactionis
2H2(g)+O2(g)→2H2O(g)
a. i. Onthediagramabove,indicatethepolarityoftheanodeandthecathodeincirclesAandB,andidentifytheproductofthereactioninboxC. 2marks
ii. Writeanequationforthereactionthatoccursatthecathodewhentheswitchisclosed. 1mark
Cathodereaction
iii. Giveoneadvantageofusingahydrogenfuelcelltosupplyenergyratherthanusingpetrol, whichismadefromcrudeoil. 1mark
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
b. ThestoragebatterytobeusedinthehybridcarscomprisesaseriesofNiMHcells.MHrepresents ametalhydridealloythatisusedasoneelectrode.Theotherelectrodecontainsnickeloxidehydroxide,NiOOH.TheelectrolyteisaqueousKOH.
electric carmotor
+
–
KOH(aq)
direction of electron flow
Thesimplifiedequationforthereactionattheanodewhilerechargingis
Ni(OH)2(s)+OH–(aq)→NiOOH(s)+H2O(l)+e–
Thesimplifiedequationforthereactionatthecathodewhilerechargingis
M(s)+H2O(l)+e– →MH(s)+OH–(aq)
i. Whatistheoverallequationforthedischargingreaction? 1mark
ii. Intheboxesonthediagramabove,indicatewhichistheMHelectrodeandwhichistheNiOOHelectrode. 1mark
iii. Intheboldboxprovidedabovethecelldiagram,useanarrow,→or←,toindicatethedirectionoftheelectronflowasthecellisdischarging. 1mark
iv. Thebatterydischargedfor60minutes,producingacurrentof1.15A.
Whatmass,ingrams,ofNiOOH,wouldbeusedduringthisperiod? 3marks
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SECTION B – Question 8–continued
Question 8 (10marks)Carbonmonoxide,CO,reactswithammonia,NH3,toproducehighlytoxichydrogencyanide,HCN,aswellascarbondioxide,CO2,andhydrogen,H2.Thisreactionisendothermicandtheequationforthisreactionisshownbelow.
2CO(g)+NH3(g)⇌HCN(g)+CO2(g)+H2(g)
a. i. Writetheexpressionfortheequilibriumconstantforthisreaction. 1mark
ii. Inoneexperiment,amixtureofCOandNH3,togetherwithasuitablecatalyst,wasinjectedintoasealed100mLgassyringeandallowedtocometoequilibrium.
Whentheequilibriummixturewasanalysedataparticulartemperature,thefollowingconcentrationsweredetermined.
[CO]=0.0025M [NH3]=0.00125M [HCN]=0.0042M
Calculatetheequilibriumconstantforthereactionatthistemperature. 2marks
b. AnalyststheninvestigatedtheeffectoftwodifferentchangesontheequilibriumsystembymonitoringtheamountofHCN(inmoles)presentinthegasmixtureoveraperiodoftime.
i. Tick()theappropriateboxinthetablebelowtoshowtheexpectedeffectontheamountofHCN (inmoles)presentinthegasmixtureasaresultofeachchange. 2marks
Change investigated Expected effect on the amount of HCN
Increase Decrease No effect
Halvethevolumeofthegasmixture,keepingthetemperatureconstant.
Returnthevolumeofthegasmixtureto 100mL,theninjectsomepowderedpalladiumintothegassyringe.(PalladiumabsorbsH2gasontoitssurface.)
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SECTION B – Question 8–continuedTURN OVER
ii. Completetheconcentration–timegraphontheaxesprovidedbelow,toshowwhatwillhappento theconcentrationsofHCNandNH3inanequilibriummixturewhenthevolumeofthegas mixtureissuddenlyhalvedataconstanttemperature. 2marks
Concentration–time graph for the equilibrium system
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006concentration
(mol L–1)
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.010
time (s)
KeyHCNNH3
volume halvedat this point
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SECTION B – continued
c. COgasisproducedwhenahydrocarbonfuel,suchasbutane,C4H10,isburntinalimitedairsupply.
WritethebalancedequationforthecombustionofC4H10inalimitedairsupply,assumingthatCOistheonlycarbon-basedoxidationproduct. 1mark
d. COpoisoningisonedangerfacedbyrescuersenteringaburningbuilding,soitisessentialthatrescuerswearappropriatebreathingapparatus.
HaemoglobininredbloodcellstakesupO2fromtheairinanequilibriumreactionrepresentedbyEquation1.
Equation1 Hb4(aq) + 4O2(aq) ⇌ Hb4O8(aq) K1
haemoglobin haemoglobin-oxygen complex
COmoleculescanalsoattachtohaemoglobinmolecules.TheequilibriumreactioninvolvedisrepresentedbyEquation2.
Equation2 Hb4(aq) + 4CO(aq) ⇌ Hb4(CO)4(aq) K2
haemoglobin haemoglobin-carbonmonoxide complex
IftheconcentrationofCOintheairinsideaburningbuildingincreasesto800ppm,anyonewhoisexposedtothiswillquicklyloseconsciousness,evenifoxygenispresent.Torevivethem,theymustbegivenpureoxygen.
WhatconclusionscanbemadeabouttherelativevaluesofequilibriumconstantsK1andK2? 2marks
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
CONTINUES OVER PAGE
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SECTION B – Question 9–continued
Question 9 (14marks)Agroupofstudentswassetthetaskofinvestigatingthemolarheatofcombustionofglucoseusingprimaryandsecondarydatathatwasobtainedfromtwodifferentexperimentaltechniques.Thefirstexperimentaltechniqueusedtofindthemolarheatofcombustionofglucoseinvolvedcollectingprimarydata.Thestudentssetuptheapparatusasshownbelow.Theyweighedoutasampleofpureglucosepowderintothecrucible,readyforthecombustion.Theyalsoweighedout150.0gofwaterintothecoppercalorimeterpotandmeasuredtheinitialtemperatureofthewater.
Experimental technique 1
stirrer
copper calorimeter pot
water
crucible
pipeclay triangle
tripodglucosepowder
thermometer
clamp
retortstand
heat-proof mat
Beforeburningtheglucosetodetermineanexperimentalvalueofitsheatcontent,thestudentsdecidedtocalculatethepredictedmaximumtemperatureriseofthewater.ThesetofdatatheyusedisshowninTable1.
Table 1. Data for determining the predicted maximum temperature rise of the water
Quantity Measurement
massofglucosepowder 2.002g
massofwater 150.0g
specificheatcapacityofwater 4.182Jg–1°C–1
initialtemperatureofwater 21.3°C
publishedmolarheatofcombustionofglucose 2805kJmol–1
molarmassofglucose 180.0gmol–1
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SECTION B – Question 9–continuedTURN OVER
a. i. UsethedatafromTable1tocalculatethepredictedmaximumtemperatureriseofthewater. 3marks
ii. Thestudentsthensafelyignitedtheglucosepowder.Whenthepowderstoppedburning,thestudentsrecordedtheactualtemperatureriseofthewater.Theydeterminedthatthefinaltemperatureofthewaterwas48.5°C.
Comparetheexperimentaltemperaturerisewiththevaluethatthestudentspredictedandhencecommentontheaccuracyofthevalueoftheheatofcombustionofglucosethatthestudentswouldhaveobtainedusingthisexperimentaltechnique. 2marks
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SECTION B – Question 9–continued
Thesecondexperimentaltechniqueforfindingthemolarheatofcombustionofglucoseinvolvedusingatypicalcommercialbombcalorimeter.Theapparatussetupbythestudentsisshownbelow.
Experimental technique 2
thermometer
insulatedcontainer
sealed vessel glucose powder
stirrer
ignition wire
water
pure oxygen in excess
Thestudentswereabletoobtainthefollowingsecondarydatafromacommercialfoodanalysislaboratory.
Table 2. Electrical calibration of bomb calorimeter
Quantity Measurement
current 1.78A
potentialdifference 5.65V
timecurrentpassed 135s
temperatureriseofwater 1.150°C
Table 3. Combustion of glucose
Quantity Measurement
massofglucose 1.324g
temperatureriseofwater 17.32°C
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SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER
b. i. Showbycalculationthatthecalibrationfactorofthebombcalorimeterobtainedbythestudentsis1180J°C–1. 2marks
ii. Using1180J°C–1asthecalibrationfactorofthebombcalorimeter,calculatethemolarheatofcombustionofglucoseinJmol–1. 3marks
iii. Comparetheexperimentalvaluefrompart b.ii.withthepublishedvalueofthemolarheatofcombustionofglucosegiveninTable1. 1mark
c. i. IdentifyoneofthedesignfaultsofExperimentaltechnique1thatwouldhavecontributedtoitslessaccurateresults. 1mark
ii. ExplainhowthedesignfeaturesofExperimentaltechnique2overcamethedesignfaultidentifiedinpart c.i.toobtainmoreaccurateresults. 2marks
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SECTION B – Question 10–continued
Question 10 (14marks)ForhisextendedVCEChemistryexperimentalinvestigationproject,Chrisdecidedtoinvestigatewhetherthereisarelationshipbetweentherateofthereactionbetweenmagnesium,Mg,andhydrochloricacid,HCl,andtheconcentrationoftheacid.ThefollowingisanextractfromthescientificposterthatChrisproduced.
Question under investigation:Istherearelationshipbetweentherateofthereactionbetweenmagnesium,Mg,anddifferentconcentrationsofhydrochloricacid,HCl?
Equation for the reaction: Mg(s)+2H+(aq)→Mg2+(aq)+H2(g)
Experimental design:FourdifferentconcentrationsofHClweretested.Therateofeachreactionwasinvestigatedbymeasuringthevolumeofhydrogen,H2,gasproducedat60-secondintervals.
Hypothesis: Thegreatertheconcentrationoftheacid,thefasterthereactionwillbe.Iexpectthisbecause,forareactiontooccur,H+ionsmustcollidewithMgatoms.Thegreatertheconcentrationoftheacid,themorefrequentlytheH+ionswillcollidewiththesurfaceoftheMgandsothegreatertheamountofH2gasthatwillbeproduced.
a. Inhishypothesis,doesChrisdemonstrateanunderstandingofthechemistrythatisrelevanttothisexperimentalinvestigation?Explainyourreasoning. 2marks
Inhisposter,Chrisoutlinedhowtheexperimentalinvestigationwasconducted.Anextractfromhismethodologyisshowninthetablebelow.
Methodology: First,thevariableswereidentified.ThedecisionsImadeareshowninTable1.
Table 1. The variables identified
Variable Classification Details
massofMg controlledvariable ThefirstpieceofMgribbonwasweighedandmeasured,thenthesamelengthofMgwasusedforeachconcentrationofHCltested.
concentrationofHCl dependentvariable 0.5M,1.0M,1.5Mand2.0MsolutionsofHClweretested.
volumeofHCl controlledvariable 50.0mLwasusedforeachtest,measuredusingagraduatedmeasuringcylinder.
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SECTION B – Question 10–continuedTURN OVER
b. IsChris’sidentificationoftheconcentrationofHClasthedependentvariablecorrect?Giveareasonforyouranswer. 1mark
Chris’sposterincludedadiagramoftheexperimentalset-up,supportedbyshortnotes,asshownbelow.
The experimental set-up:
syringe for injecting HCl
H2 gas collectingin graduatedmeasuring cylinder
stopwatch tabletdeviceto recordresults
sealedreaction flask
magneticstirrer to keepreactantsevenly mixed
water troughbeehive shelf
piece of Mg
Notes:• TimingbegantheinstantIstartedinjectingtheacidfromthesyringeabovetheflaskontothepiece
ofMg.• Thestopwatchwasmountednexttothegraduatedmeasuringcylinder,andthevolumeandtime
wererecordedusingavideoapponatabletdeviceandreplayedinslowmotiontoallowtheresultstobeobtained.
• Theinjectionof20.0mLHClintothesealedreactionflaskimmediatelypushed20.0mLofairoutoftheflaskandintothemeasuringcylinder.IrecordedonlythenetvolumeofH2gasproduced.
c. Identify onefeatureofChris’sexperimentalset-upandnotesabovethatwasdesignedtoimprovetheaccuracyoftheresults.Explainhowthisfeaturecouldimproveaccuracy. 3marks
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SECTION B – Question 10–continued
Chrisalsorecordedhisobservationsonhisposter.
Observations: Forthe2.0MHCl,initiallytherewasveryrapidbubblingintheflask.Thebubblingslowedovertime.AllMgappearedtohavedissolved.Theflaskbecameveryhot.Forthe1.5Mand1.0MHClsolutions,thebubblingwasnotasrapidasforthe2.0MHCl,andforthe0.5MHClitwasmuchslower.Thesolutionswerestillbubblingwhentimingstopped.Theflasksbecamehot,althoughnotashotastheflaskcontaining2.0MHCl.
d. CommentonChris’sobservations,includingthedifferencesintherateofbubblingandhowwelltheexperimenthadbeencontrolled. 3marks
Chrisreplayedhisvideoinslowmotion,recordedhisexperimentalresultsinhislogbookandproducedagraphforhisposter.Thegraphisshownbelow.
Results:Graph of volume of H2 gas produced against time
2.0 M
1.5 M
1.0 M
0.5 M
Key120
100
80
60
40
20
00 100 200 300
time (s)400 500 600
volumeof H2 gas
(mL)
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e. WhatconclusionsmightChrishavestated,givenhisresultsforthequestionunderinvestigationandhishypothesis? 2marks
f. SuggestoneotherquestionChriscouldasktoextendthisexperimentalinvestigationandbrieflyoutlineanexperimentaldesignthatwouldenableChristoanswerthisquestion.Youmaypresentyouranswerasalistofmainstepsorasasimpleflowchart. 3marks
END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK
CHEMISTRY (SAMPLE – ANSWERS)
© VCAA 2017 – Version 2 – April 2017
Answers to multiple-choice questions
Question Answer Question Answer
1 D 16 A
2 B 17 B
3 C 18 B
4 C 19 B
5 A 20 D
6 A 21 C
7 D 22 D
8 C 23 A
9 C 24 C
10 A 25 C
11 B 26 C
12 B 27 B
13 B 28 D
14 C 29 A
15 A 30 D