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Tools of Data CollectionBy,S.G.Isave,Assistant Professor,Tilak College of Education,Pune - India

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Tools • Questionnaire• Interview schedule • observation

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Interview schedule

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Meaning of Interview schedule

• One to one direct communication between researcher and subject for collection of data.

• Series of a questions to be asked in an interview is called interview schedule.

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Types of Interview schedule

• Structured (for research)• Semi-structured ( flexible but

structured)• Non-directive ( free talk on

issues)• Focused ( in depth talk on an

issue ) (Media)

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How to conduct an Interview

• Interview schedule should as per objectives.

• Planning of time, duration, place, mode of recording.

• Follow Formalities.• Respect not to answer right of subject.• Use of appropriate Language.• Positive body language.• Directing the interview. • Questioning – proper stress and tone,

use of sub questions if required.

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Limitations • Hesitation to express• Vague• Time restrictions• Less time for thinking• Subjective • Researcher’s influence• Consciousness • Manipulated/polished/sophisticated/

socially accepted responses may be preferred.

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Questionnaire

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Meaning • Series of questions in written

form.• Indirect interview• Widely used tool

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When to use• Objective tool• Factual data required• Large sample• Minimum cost & time• Crossing Geographical

limitations

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Types • Open• Close• Mixed

• E-mail• Web based

• Live• Distance

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Development of Questionnaire

• Objectives• Content analysis• Combination of Types of

questions.• Sequence of questions.• Statistical techniques.• Questions- clear, correct, to the

point, appropriate nos.,

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Administration of Questionnaire

• Appointment• Take in to confidence• Instructions and expectation• Tackling queries• Postage• Formalities

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Advantages of Questionnaire

• Objectivity • Freedom to think• Flexibility of time• Free to answer.

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Limitations of Questionnaire

• Difficult to analyze.• Environmental effects.• Collection is a challenge• Ambiguous

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Qualities of Good Questionnaire• EXTERNAL -• Instructions• Primary Information• Font style and Type• Grammar• Quality, colour and

size of Paper.• Proper space for

response. • Postage

• INTERNAL -• Clarity and

simplicity of questions

• Validity and reliability

• As per age of subjects.

• Divisions as per Objectives.

• Pilot study

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Interview schedule vs questionnaire

• Live / Real time• Direct questionnaire• More subjective.• Useful for experts, Illiterate people, parents etc.• To know views.• More time per subject.• Variety of data from a

person.• Informal way.• Not easy to analyze

• Flexible • One to one interaction• Researcher note responses.

• Own time of subject.• Indirect interview.• More objectives.• Useful for subjects, teacher,

students etc.• To collect factual data• Min time more info.• Specific data from more

subjects.• Formal way.• Comparatively easier to

analyze.• Rigid • One to many reaction.• Subject notes responses.

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Observation

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Types of Observation• Overt – subject

are aware• Covert -

unaware

• Participant• Non-participant

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Precautions in Observation

• Appropriate tools• Field notes• Informal approach• Building rapport• What to observe• Use of audio visual devices

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Advantages • Natural response• Real collection of a data• All round data• Self experience• Understanding the subject.• Useful for sociological research.• Useful for linear research.

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Limitations • Subjectivity• Temporary form of data is acquired.• Difficult to analyze the data.• Time consumable.• Practical difficulties.

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Lets go beyond content…

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Ask yourself ….

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Can I qualify in first attempt?

……..Yes, Why not !

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If I do this• Believe yourself.• Understand the nature of the exam.• Collect all the units of syllabus.• Don’t be scared of passing

percentage of the exam.

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If I do this..• Prepare seriously.• Don’t just try for experience.• Prepare your own notes.• Practice to write answers.• Avoid Grammatical mistakes.

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If I do this• Solve old question paper with time

management and get it checked from an expert.

• Construct diagrams.• Update your knowledge with books,

periodicals, internet etc.• Discuss with peer, teachers,

successful candidates.

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• Be confident.• Be healthy, because learning is also

physical activity.• Be careful about filling application

form, attaching documents, admit cart,

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All the Best

• If you try hard in proper direction, “You all will qualify in coming SET exam. in first attempt.”

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THANK YOU !