To Do

Make the Macromolecule Build Structure: Monomers and building polymers Important functions Add: Why is the shape important? (Importance of

structure)

Venn Diagram instructionsStation instructionTrackers

CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

Unit 2

Getting Organized

Unit 2: Need to have your Table of Contents Need to have your Vocabulary Sheet

It is REQUIRED!!!!!! This is one of the ways we are all getting 3 and 4’s!

Umm…why are we learning about chemistry in biology?

Why are we learning about Chemistry???

5 elements make up over 90% of your body!

C, H, N, O, P

(Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous)

BECAUSE…..

Every biological process is part of a chemical reaction!

All of the energy we need depends on chemical reactions!

Basic Chemistry REMINDERS…

Chemical symbols are used to represent each element. Found on the Periodic Table

Basic Chemistry REMINDERS…

Compounds are combinations of 2 or more elements.

Biochemistry

Study of the chemicals necessary for living things.

Also called Organic Chemistry.Involves the element carbon (C)

Organic Molecules Organic Molecules Inorganic MoleculesInorganic Molecules

Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms together

Make up living things

Molecules that play an important role in living things

Don’t contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen together

Make up nonliving things

Molecules that also play an important role in living things

Organic vs. Inorganic

Biochemistry• Macromolecules or Polymers are large

molecules that are made up of many repeating subunits or building block molecules known as monomers.

POLYMER

MONOMER

Definitions on NEXT Slide!

Biochemistry

Terms to Know: Monomer – the smallest unit of a substance (the

building block) Example: like one Lego block

Polymer – many monomers linked together to make a large structure; also called macromolecules (many repeating subunits linked together) Example: Lego blocks put together to make a Lego

house

Biochemistry

Types of Organic Molecules (Macromolecules)

1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids

Check Yourself!

1. What are the 4 “Core Organic Molecules”?2. What are the 5 essential elements? (Write

out the full names and the memory trick).3. What is the most important inorganic

compound in life?4. Compare and contrast Organic and

Inorganic molecules.

Properties of Water - Observations

What is the bond between hydrogen and oxygen that make the molecule hard to break? What is the bond that allows water to “stick” together?

Using the medicine dropper, place as many drops of water on the penny as you can with out spilling. Make sure to keep count and record

Observations

After dissolving the sodium hydroxide, write your observations

What do you think happened? (Remember the bonds)

What is adhesion? What is cohesion?

Test Tracking

Every time we have a test we will track our progress towards our BIG GOAL of 85% of HIGHER!

Congratulations to all of you that achieved our BIG GOAL on our first Unit Test

How to do this…. Our tests will be kept in our Tracking Folders (in your

mailboxes) We will each have individual mailbox numbers

You will get these today! For each objective on the test, you will create a bar chart of

your progress…. This will help us keep track of our progress towards our goal

and getting a 3 or 4 on the EOC!!!

Unit 1 Tracking KEY:

GREEN: 85% and higher

YELLOW: 70% - 84%

RED: 69% and below

Quick Write

1. Do you play any sports? If so, list one sport that you play. If not, list any activity you do that requires energy.

2. Why is it important that you eat before an activity?

3. List any foods you can think of that are high in one or more of the following compounds:

– Sugars– Fats– Proteins

Carbohydrates

FUNCTION

Function: to store and release QUICK energy If the energy is not used, it gets stored as FAT (or

LIPIDS)

SUBUNITS

Sugars and StarchesMonomer = monosaccharide (one unit of

sugar) Examples: Glucose & Fructose

Polymer = Polysaccharide (many units of sugar) Example: Starches

The ATOMS & RATIO

Made of CARBON (C), HYDROGEN (H), and OXYGEN (O)

These atoms are found in a special ration:

1:2:1 ratio (Example: C6H12O6)

It LOOKS Like… PicturesMonomer

Polymer

It is IMPORTANT because…

It is made by PRODUCERS in PHOTOSYNTHESIS

GLUCOSE is the sugar made by plants during photosynthesis.

Animals use this glucose to help create cellular energy (ATP)

TESTS

FOR SUGAR: Benedict’s Solution To help remember this: BEN LIKES SUGAR!

FOR STARCH: Iodine To help remember this: I DINE ON STARCH!

Monosaccharides

Monomer = 1 Unit of SUGARExamples:

Glucose Fructose

Monomers are SIMPLE carbohydratesThey give you quick energy and are typically

not very healthy Example: sugars found in candy bars!

POLYSACCHARIDES

Polymer = Many Units of SUGARExamples:

Starch sugars in plants (made of many repeating glucose molecules)

Glycogen energy storage in animal muscle Cellulose found in plant cell walls; animals can not

digest

Polysaccharides are COMPLEX carbohydratesThey are better for you than SIMPLE

carbohydrates Examples: brown rice, potatoes, pasta, bread

They typically END in…

-OSE

Example: glucOSE, fructOSE, lactOSE

What happens when they are not used?

They turn into FAT

Stations

Station 1: Organic vs. InorganicStation 2: Carb QuestionsStation 3: Build the Macromolecule-Label as a Carb-Glue the pieces down-Describe the FUNCTION-Describe the IMPORTANCE

Do Now

1. What are the subunits of a Carbohydrate?2. What is the test for a sugar?3. What is the test for a starch?4. What are the atoms of a Carb?5. What is the special ration of the atoms?6. What is the FUNCTION of a carb?

Lipids

FUNCTION of LIPIDSFunction:

Stored, long-term energy Very concentrated Twice as much energy as carbohydrates

Insulation Keeps you warm (think of the blubber on a whale!)

Body Padding Cushions body organs

Cell membranes PhosphoLIPID Bilayer Fat surrounds all of your cells and helps support the cell

Commonly called fats, oils and waxes

SUBUNITS

1 GLYCEROL and 3 FATTY ACIDSMonomer = long chains of 1 glycerol and 3

fatty acidsGLYCEROL

3 FATTY ACIDS

The ATOMS & RATIO

Made of CARBON (C), HYDROGEN (H), and OXYGEN (O)

RATION?THERE IS NO SPECIFIC RATION!! Lipids have the same ATOMS as carbohydrates, but lipids do not have a specific ration like carbohydrates do.

It LOOKS Like…

Pictures

2003-2004

Molecular Structure of Fat

not a chain (polymer) = just a “big fat molecule”

glycerol

fatty acid

fatty acid

fatty acid

TESTS

BROWN PAPER BAG TEST!If there IS a grease stain, then lipids are

present!

Saturated vs. Unsaturated

SATURATEDSATURATED

• Saturated – bonds in molecule are UNBENDABLE

• Tend to clog arteries• Typically from animals

(fats, butter, lard)

UNSATURATEDUNSATURATED

• Unsaturated – some bonds in molecule BENDABLE

• Better, but can still clog arteries

• Typically from plants (oils)

2003-2004

It’s IMPORTANT for your CELLS…

Cell membranes are made out of lipids phospholipids heads are on the outside touching water

“like” water (hydroPHILIC) tails are on inside away from water

“scared” of water (hydroPHOBIC) forms a barrier

between the cell & the outside

Stations

Station 1: Lipids QuestionsStation 2: Carbs vs. LipidsStation 3: Lipid molecule build-Label as a LIPID-Glue the monomers together on your paper-Describe the FUNCTION-Describe the IMPORTANCE

Lipids = FatsFunction

Stored Energy, support, insulation

Atoms

C, H, O

Important

Make up the CELL membrane (phospholipids)

Subunits

3 Fatty Acids & Glycerol Pictures

Test

Brown Paper Bag Test

Brown Paper Bag Test

Building A LIPID Macromolecule

Building our own Monomers and Polymers!

CarbsCarbs LipidsLipids

Carbs or Lipids?!

Cheese Bread Chocolate Cream PastaButter Fruit Cake Sausage Oil

Whiteboard Challenge

Quickly record your answer to the questions

Do not shout out or share answers

When I say “Boards Up,” flip answers to the front

1

What are the subunits of a Carbohydrate?

2

Draw the structure of Glucose

3

What are the 3 subunits of a Lipid

4

What is a Lipid?

5

What is one of the functions of a Carb?

6

What is one of the functions of a Lipid?

7

What are the 5 essential elements?

8

What is the range for an Acid?

9

What is the range for a Base?

10

What is the role of a buffer?

11

What is the test for a SUGAR?

12

What is the test for a STARCH?

13

What is the TEST for a LIPID?

14

What are the 3 elements in both CARBS and LIPIDS?

15

What is the RATION of atoms in a CARB?

Carb vs. Lipid

Compare and Contrast Carbs and Lipids

Exit Ticket

A student performed a food test on her lunch. The Iodine test and Brown paper bag test came back positive. What organic molecules were in her lunch?

A. Starches onlyB. Sugars and starchesC. Starches and lipidsD. Lipids and sugars

1. Carbohydrates are made of ________ & ___________.

2. Lipids are made of _________ & _______.

1. Lipids are tested using the __________.

1. Sugars are tested using the ____________.

1. Starches are tested using the ___________.