Post on 02-Feb-2016
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The Thirty Years’ WarThe Thirty Years’ War
Christine PowerChristine Power
AP EuroAP Euro
Setting the stage…Setting the stage…
The Holy Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire The quality of emperors The quality of emperors
varied. Some were strong varied. Some were strong and dynamic, others weak and dynamic, others weak and ineffectiveand ineffective
The nobles grew powerful The nobles grew powerful under the reign of the weak under the reign of the weak ruler Rudolf II (r. 1576-1612).ruler Rudolf II (r. 1576-1612).
Peace of AugsburgPeace of Augsburg
Designed to solve religious tensions set Designed to solve religious tensions set off by Lutheranism…it was a temporary off by Lutheranism…it was a temporary peace at best-- it was outdated!peace at best-- it was outdated! Did not recognize Calvinism!Did not recognize Calvinism!
It also promoted a culture of It also promoted a culture of fragmentationfragmentation Own tolls, tariffs, coinsOwn tolls, tariffs, coins Own rules, travel restrictionsOwn rules, travel restrictions
ResultResult
Instead of getting easier, the period Instead of getting easier, the period between 1517 and 1555 was marked between 1517 and 1555 was marked with people choosing between THREE with people choosing between THREE religions:religions: Roman Catholicism (more appealing now Roman Catholicism (more appealing now
because of the Council of Trent)because of the Council of Trent) Lutheranism (a home grown form of Lutheranism (a home grown form of
ProtestantismProtestantism Calvinism (considered to be RADICAL)Calvinism (considered to be RADICAL)
Divided we fall…Divided we fall… Rulers became worried because they Rulers became worried because they
could not control peoplecould not control people H.R.E. was weakened- religion came H.R.E. was weakened- religion came
first, state came secondfirst, state came second Calvinists walked out of the Reichstag Calvinists walked out of the Reichstag
because of religious differences– and because of religious differences– and preventing a tax from passing to raise an preventing a tax from passing to raise an army to defend itself against the Turksarmy to defend itself against the Turks
Formation of the Evangelical Union and the Formation of the Evangelical Union and the Catholic LeagueCatholic League
The spark- 1618The spark- 1618
Ferdinand, a Catholic, comes to the Ferdinand, a Catholic, comes to the throne in Bohemiathrone in Bohemia
The Protestants of Bohemia felt The Protestants of Bohemia felt threatenedthreatened
““Defenestration of Prague”- Ferdinand’s Defenestration of Prague”- Ferdinand’s agents were thrown out the window of a agents were thrown out the window of a Bohemian Protestant noble’s windowBohemian Protestant noble’s window
Part I- Bohemian PeriodPart I- Bohemian Period
Ferdinand elected Emperor of the Ferdinand elected Emperor of the H.R.E…Bohemia RebelsH.R.E…Bohemia Rebels
They elect a Calvinist Frederick V as They elect a Calvinist Frederick V as their lord.their lord. Spain (Cath), Bavaria(Cath), Saxony (Luth) Spain (Cath), Bavaria(Cath), Saxony (Luth)
helps Ferdinandhelps Ferdinand
Battles and ResultsBattles and Results
Battle of White Battle of White Mountain (1620)- Mountain (1620)- Ferdinand is Ferdinand is victoriousvictorious
Bohemia becomes Bohemia becomes CatholicCatholic
Bavaria gains landBavaria gains land
Part II- Danish PeriodPart II- Danish Period
Christian IV of Denmark (Luth) wants to Christian IV of Denmark (Luth) wants to gain territory. Abutting territory on North gain territory. Abutting territory on North Sea is weak and commercially valuable.Sea is weak and commercially valuable. English (Angl), French (Cath) Dutch (Cal) English (Angl), French (Cath) Dutch (Cal)
supported Denmark supported Denmark Bavaria defeats invading Danes and they Bavaria defeats invading Danes and they
grow strongergrow stronger
Part II- Danish Period Cont.Part II- Danish Period Cont.
Emperor Ferdinand seeks out another Emperor Ferdinand seeks out another ally to help-- a Lutheranally to help-- a Lutheran Mercenary Albrecht of Wallenstin Mercenary Albrecht of Wallenstin
Successfully attacks Denmark (1628) and Successfully attacks Denmark (1628) and takes it over… for himselftakes it over… for himself
Ferdinand issues the EDICT OF Ferdinand issues the EDICT OF RESTITUTION (1629).RESTITUTION (1629). Calvinism still illegalCalvinism still illegal Return of Catholic Church lands by LutheransReturn of Catholic Church lands by Lutherans
Part III- Swedish Period Part III- Swedish Period
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (Luth), Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (Luth), supported by:supported by: France (Cath)France (Cath) Dutch (Luth)Dutch (Luth) Brandenburg (Luth)Brandenburg (Luth) Saxony (Luth)Saxony (Luth)
Invades at Breitenfeld (1630). Sweden Wins Invades at Breitenfeld (1630). Sweden Wins against Ferdinand and Wallenstein. Start of against Ferdinand and Wallenstein. Start of modern military tactics.modern military tactics.
Part III- Swedish Period Part III- Swedish Period Cont.Cont.
Battle of Lutzen (1632)Battle of Lutzen (1632) Gustavus Adolphus diesGustavus Adolphus dies Battle is a costly tieBattle is a costly tie
Ferdinand arranges to have Wallenstein Ferdinand arranges to have Wallenstein assassinated (1634)assassinated (1634)
Part III- Swedish Period Part III- Swedish Period Cont.Cont.
PEACE OF PRAGUE (1635).PEACE OF PRAGUE (1635). Protestant states of the H.R.E. agree to a Protestant states of the H.R.E. agree to a
cease fire with Ferdinandcease fire with Ferdinand Sweden refuses to join peace movementSweden refuses to join peace movement
France and the Netherlands support SwedenFrance and the Netherlands support Sweden
Part IV- Swedish-French Part IV- Swedish-French PeriodPeriod
France (Cath) joins the war allied with France (Cath) joins the war allied with Sweden (Luth) and Spain (Cath)Sweden (Luth) and Spain (Cath) Most death and destructionMost death and destruction
1/3 of population dies… largest loss of life in 1/3 of population dies… largest loss of life in Europe since the Black Plague and largest until Europe since the Black Plague and largest until World War II.World War II.
The Treaty of Westphalia The Treaty of Westphalia (1648)(1648)
Ended hostilities within H.R.E.Ended hostilities within H.R.E. Rescinded Edict of RestitutionRescinded Edict of Restitution Reasserted the Peace of AugsburgReasserted the Peace of Augsburg Calvinist gain rights to practice religionCalvinist gain rights to practice religion Holland is officially independent from Holland is officially independent from
HapsburgsHapsburgs Bavaria gained political power in HREBavaria gained political power in HRE
Treaty of Westphalia Treaty of Westphalia cont.cont.
France gains territoryFrance gains territory Brandenburg-Prussia becomes a Brandenburg-Prussia becomes a
powerful statepowerful state Switzerland is recognizedSwitzerland is recognized Pope reduced in power in H.R.E.Pope reduced in power in H.R.E.
Treaty of the PyreneesTreaty of the Pyrenees
France and Spain ended their warFrance and Spain ended their war Hapsburgs are weakenedHapsburgs are weakened Spain is weakenedSpain is weakened