The Thirty Years’ War

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The Thirty Years’ The Thirty Years’ War War Christine Power Christine Power AP Euro AP Euro

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The Thirty Years’ War. Christine Power AP Euro. Setting the stage…. The Holy Roman Empire The quality of emperors varied. Some were strong and dynamic, others weak and ineffective The nobles grew powerful under the reign of the weak ruler Rudolf II (r. 1576-1612). Peace of Augsburg. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of The Thirty Years’ War

Page 1: The Thirty Years’ War

The Thirty Years’ WarThe Thirty Years’ War

Christine PowerChristine Power

AP EuroAP Euro

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Setting the stage…Setting the stage…

The Holy Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire The quality of emperors The quality of emperors

varied. Some were strong varied. Some were strong and dynamic, others weak and dynamic, others weak and ineffectiveand ineffective

The nobles grew powerful The nobles grew powerful under the reign of the weak under the reign of the weak ruler Rudolf II (r. 1576-1612).ruler Rudolf II (r. 1576-1612).

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Peace of AugsburgPeace of Augsburg

Designed to solve religious tensions set Designed to solve religious tensions set off by Lutheranism…it was a temporary off by Lutheranism…it was a temporary peace at best-- it was outdated!peace at best-- it was outdated! Did not recognize Calvinism!Did not recognize Calvinism!

It also promoted a culture of It also promoted a culture of fragmentationfragmentation Own tolls, tariffs, coinsOwn tolls, tariffs, coins Own rules, travel restrictionsOwn rules, travel restrictions

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ResultResult

Instead of getting easier, the period Instead of getting easier, the period between 1517 and 1555 was marked between 1517 and 1555 was marked with people choosing between THREE with people choosing between THREE religions:religions: Roman Catholicism (more appealing now Roman Catholicism (more appealing now

because of the Council of Trent)because of the Council of Trent) Lutheranism (a home grown form of Lutheranism (a home grown form of

ProtestantismProtestantism Calvinism (considered to be RADICAL)Calvinism (considered to be RADICAL)

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Divided we fall…Divided we fall… Rulers became worried because they Rulers became worried because they

could not control peoplecould not control people H.R.E. was weakened- religion came H.R.E. was weakened- religion came

first, state came secondfirst, state came second Calvinists walked out of the Reichstag Calvinists walked out of the Reichstag

because of religious differences– and because of religious differences– and preventing a tax from passing to raise an preventing a tax from passing to raise an army to defend itself against the Turksarmy to defend itself against the Turks

Formation of the Evangelical Union and the Formation of the Evangelical Union and the Catholic LeagueCatholic League

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The spark- 1618The spark- 1618

Ferdinand, a Catholic, comes to the Ferdinand, a Catholic, comes to the throne in Bohemiathrone in Bohemia

The Protestants of Bohemia felt The Protestants of Bohemia felt threatenedthreatened

““Defenestration of Prague”- Ferdinand’s Defenestration of Prague”- Ferdinand’s agents were thrown out the window of a agents were thrown out the window of a Bohemian Protestant noble’s windowBohemian Protestant noble’s window

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Part I- Bohemian PeriodPart I- Bohemian Period

Ferdinand elected Emperor of the Ferdinand elected Emperor of the H.R.E…Bohemia RebelsH.R.E…Bohemia Rebels

They elect a Calvinist Frederick V as They elect a Calvinist Frederick V as their lord.their lord. Spain (Cath), Bavaria(Cath), Saxony (Luth) Spain (Cath), Bavaria(Cath), Saxony (Luth)

helps Ferdinandhelps Ferdinand

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Battles and ResultsBattles and Results

Battle of White Battle of White Mountain (1620)- Mountain (1620)- Ferdinand is Ferdinand is victoriousvictorious

Bohemia becomes Bohemia becomes CatholicCatholic

Bavaria gains landBavaria gains land

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Part II- Danish PeriodPart II- Danish Period

Christian IV of Denmark (Luth) wants to Christian IV of Denmark (Luth) wants to gain territory. Abutting territory on North gain territory. Abutting territory on North Sea is weak and commercially valuable.Sea is weak and commercially valuable. English (Angl), French (Cath) Dutch (Cal) English (Angl), French (Cath) Dutch (Cal)

supported Denmark supported Denmark Bavaria defeats invading Danes and they Bavaria defeats invading Danes and they

grow strongergrow stronger

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Part II- Danish Period Cont.Part II- Danish Period Cont.

Emperor Ferdinand seeks out another Emperor Ferdinand seeks out another ally to help-- a Lutheranally to help-- a Lutheran Mercenary Albrecht of Wallenstin Mercenary Albrecht of Wallenstin

Successfully attacks Denmark (1628) and Successfully attacks Denmark (1628) and takes it over… for himselftakes it over… for himself

Ferdinand issues the EDICT OF Ferdinand issues the EDICT OF RESTITUTION (1629).RESTITUTION (1629). Calvinism still illegalCalvinism still illegal Return of Catholic Church lands by LutheransReturn of Catholic Church lands by Lutherans

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Part III- Swedish Period Part III- Swedish Period

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (Luth), Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (Luth), supported by:supported by: France (Cath)France (Cath) Dutch (Luth)Dutch (Luth) Brandenburg (Luth)Brandenburg (Luth) Saxony (Luth)Saxony (Luth)

Invades at Breitenfeld (1630). Sweden Wins Invades at Breitenfeld (1630). Sweden Wins against Ferdinand and Wallenstein. Start of against Ferdinand and Wallenstein. Start of modern military tactics.modern military tactics.

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Part III- Swedish Period Part III- Swedish Period Cont.Cont.

Battle of Lutzen (1632)Battle of Lutzen (1632) Gustavus Adolphus diesGustavus Adolphus dies Battle is a costly tieBattle is a costly tie

Ferdinand arranges to have Wallenstein Ferdinand arranges to have Wallenstein assassinated (1634)assassinated (1634)

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Part III- Swedish Period Part III- Swedish Period Cont.Cont.

PEACE OF PRAGUE (1635).PEACE OF PRAGUE (1635). Protestant states of the H.R.E. agree to a Protestant states of the H.R.E. agree to a

cease fire with Ferdinandcease fire with Ferdinand Sweden refuses to join peace movementSweden refuses to join peace movement

France and the Netherlands support SwedenFrance and the Netherlands support Sweden

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Part IV- Swedish-French Part IV- Swedish-French PeriodPeriod

France (Cath) joins the war allied with France (Cath) joins the war allied with Sweden (Luth) and Spain (Cath)Sweden (Luth) and Spain (Cath) Most death and destructionMost death and destruction

1/3 of population dies… largest loss of life in 1/3 of population dies… largest loss of life in Europe since the Black Plague and largest until Europe since the Black Plague and largest until World War II.World War II.

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The Treaty of Westphalia The Treaty of Westphalia (1648)(1648)

Ended hostilities within H.R.E.Ended hostilities within H.R.E. Rescinded Edict of RestitutionRescinded Edict of Restitution Reasserted the Peace of AugsburgReasserted the Peace of Augsburg Calvinist gain rights to practice religionCalvinist gain rights to practice religion Holland is officially independent from Holland is officially independent from

HapsburgsHapsburgs Bavaria gained political power in HREBavaria gained political power in HRE

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Treaty of Westphalia Treaty of Westphalia cont.cont.

France gains territoryFrance gains territory Brandenburg-Prussia becomes a Brandenburg-Prussia becomes a

powerful statepowerful state Switzerland is recognizedSwitzerland is recognized Pope reduced in power in H.R.E.Pope reduced in power in H.R.E.

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Treaty of the PyreneesTreaty of the Pyrenees

France and Spain ended their warFrance and Spain ended their war Hapsburgs are weakenedHapsburgs are weakened Spain is weakenedSpain is weakened

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The thirty years disruptive war in europe

The thirty years disruptive war in europe

After Thirty Years: The Falklands War of 1982

After Thirty Years: The Falklands War of 1982

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Thirty years war Peace of Westphalia

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Helfferich Ed. Thirty Years War -- Defenestration0001

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The End of the Thirty Years War

The End of the Thirty Years War

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