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The Thirty Years War Religious Wars’ Grand Finale

2.8

+Failure of Augsburg

Terms of the agreement? Calvinism NOT an option

The truce lasted for 60 years but then there were too many religious differences to keep peace

Catholics, Jesuits, Lutherans, Calvinists, etc.

+Before the war…

Ferdinand II becomes HRE and has goals Bring Hapsburg lands back

to Catholic Church Persecute Protestants…

mostly by raising their taxes

He rules from Bohemia, and he triggers Bohemian Phase

The war begins with the Defenestration of Prague (1618)

+Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)Catholics rule, Protestants drool

Ferdinand II invites Spanish troops to help defeat the Protestants in Bohemia

Protestantism is eliminated in Bohemia

The Danish Phase (1625-1629)

Persecution of Protestants continuesAlbrecht of Wallenstein’s

mercenary army

Denmark comes in to support the poor Protestants

Height of Catholic power during the war

+The Swedish Phase (1630-1635) Catholics retaking

Germany and pushing toward unification

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden takes up Protestant cause Who asked him I

wonder…

Adolphus leads the Protestants to victories over Catholics

+Swedish Sorrows and Catholic Collapse?

Adolphus is killed in the fighting but inspires Protestant revival

Wallenstein threatens to switch sides and is assassinated

French Phase (1635-1648)

France officially joins the Protestant cause to slow down the CatholicsFrance led by Cardinal

RichelieuFrance politics over

religionGermany littered with troops

from France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, China, Mars…you get the picture

Wars drags on for 13 more years

+The Peace of Westphalia (1648)This becomes a huge peace conference

The church (pope) is not involved, nor does the pope sign the treaties

+

+RESULTS OF THE TREATY

Renewal of the Peace of Augsburg…BUT Calvinism is now a legal religion as well Continues to keep Germany divided

Holy Roman Empire dissolved 300+ states given more government rights…

Pope with no role

France, Sweden, and Prussia gain territory

Austrian Hapsburgs are weakened significantly Will never be as powerful again

+RESULTS OF THE THIRTY YEARS WAR

+Between 3-7 million died in the Thirty Years War

+ Germany was physically devastated by the war

+End of the wars of religion

England, the Netherlands, and France will take the lead in European trade, culture and politics