Christófo Colón Christófo Colón [1451-1506][1451-1506]

Christófo Colón Christófo Colón [1451-1506][1451-1506]

Columbus’ Four VoyagesColumbus’ Four Voyages

Columbus’ VoyagesSpanish Conquests Generally

Reasons

ReligiousPolitical

Economic Personal

The Three

G’s

Activity

• Read Columbus’ First Encounters

– How does CC characterize/describe these natives?

– In what ways does he embody the three G’s of the Conquistador?

– What accounts for his bias towards the natives?

Positive and Negative Effectsof Columbus’ Voyages

• Columbian Exchange• Eastern and Western

Hemisphere • Increased

colonization• Changes in gov’t,

science, religion

• Enslavement of people

• Disregard for culture• Destruction of Native

American civilizations• Diseases like small

pox, typhus, measles

• De Las Casas

COMPETE

• With a partner…….– Come up with as many foods that we eat

today that were part of the Columbian Exchange.

– Only rule is…..the Bubba Rule• Shrimp Salad, Shrimp Stew, Fried Shrimp, BBQ

Shrimp….you can fry it, sautee it, broil it….

Magellan’s Route

Global Voyages of Exploration

The Hunt for “El Dorado”

Fernando CortesFernando CortesFernando CortesFernando Cortes

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs

Montezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma II

vsvs..

vsvs..

The Story

• 1519 – Cortes intrigued by stories of GOLD

• Malintzin (aka Dona Marina) – advisor to Cortes

• Montezuma and the ancient prophecy ‘light skinned god”

• Cortes used other tribes to help fight • The Death of Montezuma• The Siege of Tenochtitlan

The Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma IIThe Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma II

Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortésCortés

Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortésCortés

Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro

Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:

The The IncasIncas

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:

The The IncasIncas

AtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpa

vsvs..

vsvs..

The Story

• Spanish priest told Atahualpa he must convert to Christianity but refused and imprisoned

• Promised to reward Pizarro with gold and silver if released, which he agreed to but then killed Atahualpa anyway

• Pizarro easily defeated Incas (modern day Peru)

The Three G’s: Gold (Silver)

Spanish Conquest & Spanish Conquest & ColonizationColonization

Spanish Conquest & Spanish Conquest & ColonizationColonization

ConquistadoresPresidios

Mission

s

EncomiendaSystem

Presidios

• Fortified bases created by the Spanish to protect against pirates and other invaders

Missions

• Catholic church played central rol

in Spanish exploration and settlements

• Missionaries labored to convert

American Indians to christianity

The Encomienda System

• System in Spanish America

• Indian slaves were forced to

work on huge plantation estates

• Treatment was extremely harsh

What are England and France doing at the time?

• Northwest Passage – Western route above the North American continent in the Artic Sea area to get to Asia

• Only setting up temporary colonies at this time for trade

• Only setting up temporary colonies at this time because own country is in political turmoil

The Middle Passage

8-12 million involved during its time

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade

Slave ShipSlave ShipSlave ShipSlave Ship

““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck

““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck

African CaptivesAfrican CaptivesThrown OverboardThrown OverboardAfrican CaptivesAfrican Captives

Thrown OverboardThrown Overboard

European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas

European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas

The Scramble for Empire

A Growing Divide

• During Reformation, Spain remains Catholic while England switches to Protestant back to Catholic, back to Protestant

• Vying for Religious and Political Dominance

Reading: America: LBH

• Read LBH Pages 23-27: “The Rise of England”– Explain the interesting and unfulfilled

relationship between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon

– What was Henry VIII not allowed to do? – Who ruled England after Mary died?– Explain what characteristics made Elizabeth a

great leader? – How does England become a world power?

King Henry VIII – 1509-1547

Henry’s wives

Henry’s Surviving Children

The Elizabethian Era

• Encourages & Sponsors numerous Explorations• Openly Protestant – growing conflict/competition

with Spain• Holds out war with France/Spain for 25 years by

holding out for marriage – Virgin Queen• 1570 – Cold war with Spain after Pope issues

decree absolving English Catholics from obedience to Elizabeth

War with Spain

• Sir Francis Drake – Queen’s Sea Dogs– Circumnavigated globe– Explored as far as CA– Pillaged Spanish treasure ship, Cacafuego –

Emeralds of Queen’s crown

• Burned Spanish towns, looted Catholic churches• Queen Elizabeth knighted him in 1581 – open

act of defiance against Spain• 1588, Spain (financed by Pope) assembled 130

ships, 30,000 men

England Takes Over

• Spanish Armada --- poor leadership, too big, less maneuverable

• English ships – smaller, faster• Massive storms wrecked Armada

• Victory by England broke Spain’s sea power• Long Term Issue: Inflation• English dominance over the seas = more freedom,

more colonization

England’s Reasons

• Military: set up military bases, establish political

dominance

• Economic: need for trading posts if

found the Northwest Passage, new

trading markets with N.A.

• Population: Overcrowding, Chance at Profit,

Religious freedom

Roanoke – The Lost Colony

• 1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh – New Foundland to

Florida - Virginia• 1585-87 – Raleigh’s 2 attempts

– 2nd attempt: John White established colony, returns to England to get more supplies

– Return delayed – War with Spain

• 1590, White returns to Roanoke – Vanished w/o trace - Croatoan

England tries Again

• 25 years passed before England attempted colonization again

• The Charter of 1606, issued by King James I – Jamestown settlement– Joint stock company- How does it work?– 100 men recruited by London company– Many difficulties – Survival is uncertain