The Conquistadors Spanish conquest of the Americas.
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Transcript of The Conquistadors Spanish conquest of the Americas.
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The Conquistadors
Spanish conquest of the Americas
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Describe the Diversity that existed amongst native peoples of the Americas prior to the arrival of
Europeans?• Geography = Different
• South = More complex civilizations (Aztecs & Incas).
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What Initially Caused European Exploration and which 2 countries
took the lead?
• A = Looking for new trade routes to Asia.
– 1. Portuguese go South (Africa)– 2. Columbus goes West (North America)
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Portuguese• Prince Henry “The
Navigator”
• Borrowing from Muslim World
• The Caravel•
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Columbus & Spain
• 1492
• Landed 1st in Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic)
• Later Cuba
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Impact of Columbus
• News of the “New World” that Columbus had “discovered” motivated Spain to send men to conquer & colonize the Americas.
• These Spaniards were called Conquistadors.
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Spanish Motivations for Colonizing the New World (Americas)
• The 3-G’s
• Gold
• God
• Glory
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Spanish Attitudes towards Native Americans
• Spaniards thought natives were inferior “savages” because of the way they dressed & their beliefs (they were not Christians).
• Spaniards would force Native Americans to convert to Christianity and to do forced labor. (Mining for Gold and Silver.)
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Why The Conquistadors were able to conquer the People of Central
and South America• Guns, Germs, and
Steel.
• In other words, superior technology, horses, diseases.
• Smallpox is the big killer.
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Hernando Cortes
Took an army of a few hundred men and conquered the Aztecs (1519-1521).
• The Aztecs thought he was a God a first.
• Kidnapped Montezuma, then killed him.• • Built Mexico City on top of Tenochtitlan.
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Francisco Pizarro
• Led 168 Conquistadors and conquered the Inca.
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Spanish Settlement
• Mostly men, so lots of race mixing.
• Missions
• Presidios
• Stretch from Present West coast of USA to bottom of South America.
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Switch to Slave Labor
• Since disease killed so many of the Native Americans, the Spaniards began using African slave labor in the Americas.
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“Columbian Exchange”
• Refers to exchange of goods, diseases, and people between the New World and the Old World.
• Europe, North and South America, and Africa.
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Review
• What 2-factors allowed for European exploration in the 1400s?
• What motivated European Exploration?
• What was Columbus looking for?