The European Conquest of the Americas
description
Transcript of The European Conquest of the Americas
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Christófo Colón Christófo Colón [1451-1506][1451-1506]
Christófo Colón Christófo Colón [1451-1506][1451-1506]
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Columbus’ Four VoyagesColumbus’ Four Voyages
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Columbus’ VoyagesSpanish Conquests Generally
Reasons
ReligiousPolitical
Economic Personal
The Three
G’s
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Activity
• Read Columbus’ First Encounters
– How does CC characterize/describe these natives?
– In what ways does he embody the three G’s of the Conquistador?
– What accounts for his bias towards the natives?
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Positive and Negative Effectsof Columbus’ Voyages
• Columbian Exchange• Eastern and Western
Hemisphere • Increased
colonization• Changes in gov’t,
science, religion
• Enslavement of people
• Disregard for culture• Destruction of Native
American civilizations• Diseases like small
pox, typhus, measles
• De Las Casas
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COMPETE
• With a partner…….– Come up with as many foods that we eat
today that were part of the Columbian Exchange.
– Only rule is…..the Bubba Rule• Shrimp Salad, Shrimp Stew, Fried Shrimp, BBQ
Shrimp….you can fry it, sautee it, broil it….
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Magellan’s Route
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Global Voyages of Exploration
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The Hunt for “El Dorado”
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Fernando CortesFernando CortesFernando CortesFernando Cortes
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
Montezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma II
vsvs..
vsvs..
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The Story
• 1519 – Cortes intrigued by stories of GOLD
• Malintzin (aka Dona Marina) – advisor to Cortes
• Montezuma and the ancient prophecy ‘light skinned god”
• Cortes used other tribes to help fight • The Death of Montezuma• The Siege of Tenochtitlan
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The Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma IIThe Death of The Death of Montezuma IIMontezuma II
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Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortésCortés
Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortésCortés
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Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro
Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
AtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpaAtahualpa
vsvs..
vsvs..
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The Story
• Spanish priest told Atahualpa he must convert to Christianity but refused and imprisoned
• Promised to reward Pizarro with gold and silver if released, which he agreed to but then killed Atahualpa anyway
• Pizarro easily defeated Incas (modern day Peru)
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The Three G’s: Gold (Silver)
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Spanish Conquest & Spanish Conquest & ColonizationColonization
Spanish Conquest & Spanish Conquest & ColonizationColonization
ConquistadoresPresidios
Mission
s
EncomiendaSystem
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Presidios
• Fortified bases created by the Spanish to protect against pirates and other invaders
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Missions
• Catholic church played central rol
in Spanish exploration and settlements
• Missionaries labored to convert
American Indians to christianity
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The Encomienda System
• System in Spanish America
• Indian slaves were forced to
work on huge plantation estates
• Treatment was extremely harsh
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What are England and France doing at the time?
• Northwest Passage – Western route above the North American continent in the Artic Sea area to get to Asia
• Only setting up temporary colonies at this time for trade
• Only setting up temporary colonies at this time because own country is in political turmoil
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The Middle Passage
8-12 million involved during its time
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Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade
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Slave ShipSlave ShipSlave ShipSlave Ship
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““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck
““Coffin” Position Coffin” Position Below DeckBelow Deck
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African CaptivesAfrican CaptivesThrown OverboardThrown OverboardAfrican CaptivesAfrican Captives
Thrown OverboardThrown Overboard
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European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas
European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas
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The Scramble for Empire
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A Growing Divide
• During Reformation, Spain remains Catholic while England switches to Protestant back to Catholic, back to Protestant
• Vying for Religious and Political Dominance
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Reading: America: LBH
• Read LBH Pages 23-27: “The Rise of England”– Explain the interesting and unfulfilled
relationship between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
– What was Henry VIII not allowed to do? – Who ruled England after Mary died?– Explain what characteristics made Elizabeth a
great leader? – How does England become a world power?
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King Henry VIII – 1509-1547
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Henry’s wives
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Henry’s Surviving Children
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The Elizabethian Era
• Encourages & Sponsors numerous Explorations• Openly Protestant – growing conflict/competition
with Spain• Holds out war with France/Spain for 25 years by
holding out for marriage – Virgin Queen• 1570 – Cold war with Spain after Pope issues
decree absolving English Catholics from obedience to Elizabeth
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War with Spain
• Sir Francis Drake – Queen’s Sea Dogs– Circumnavigated globe– Explored as far as CA– Pillaged Spanish treasure ship, Cacafuego –
Emeralds of Queen’s crown
• Burned Spanish towns, looted Catholic churches• Queen Elizabeth knighted him in 1581 – open
act of defiance against Spain• 1588, Spain (financed by Pope) assembled 130
ships, 30,000 men
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England Takes Over
• Spanish Armada --- poor leadership, too big, less maneuverable
• English ships – smaller, faster• Massive storms wrecked Armada
• Victory by England broke Spain’s sea power• Long Term Issue: Inflation• English dominance over the seas = more freedom,
more colonization
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England’s Reasons
• Military: set up military bases, establish political
dominance
• Economic: need for trading posts if
found the Northwest Passage, new
trading markets with N.A.
• Population: Overcrowding, Chance at Profit,
Religious freedom
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Roanoke – The Lost Colony
• 1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh – New Foundland to
Florida - Virginia• 1585-87 – Raleigh’s 2 attempts
– 2nd attempt: John White established colony, returns to England to get more supplies
– Return delayed – War with Spain
• 1590, White returns to Roanoke – Vanished w/o trace - Croatoan
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England tries Again
• 25 years passed before England attempted colonization again
• The Charter of 1606, issued by King James I – Jamestown settlement– Joint stock company- How does it work?– 100 men recruited by London company– Many difficulties – Survival is uncertain