Post on 17-Jan-2016
The Axial SkeletonSkull: Cranium and Face
Pages 146-152
Three parts comprise the axial skeleton1. Skull2. Vertebral column3. Bony thorax
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Figure 5.8a The human skeleton.
Skull
(a) Anterior view
Thoraciccage
Vertebralcolumn
(ribs andsternum)
Sacrum
Facial bones
Cranium
Clavicle
ScapulaSternumRibHumerus
VertebraRadiusUlna
FemurPatella
Tibia
Fibula
TarsalsMetatarsalsPhalanges
Carpals
PhalangesMetacarpalsThe Sea-blue bones make
up the axial skeleton
Figure 5.8b The human skeleton.
(b) Posterior view
Bones ofpectoralgirdle
Upper limb
Bones ofpelvicgirdle
Lowerlimb
Cranium
Clavicle
Scapula
RibHumerus
VertebraRadiusUlna
Carpals
PhalangesMetacarpalsFemur
Tibia
Fibula
The Sea-blue bones make up the axial skeleton
The Skull:◦ Cranium◦ Facial bones
All bones are joined by sutures◦ Immovable, interlocking joints◦ The mandible is the only freely movable joint
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8 cranial bones protect the brain1. Frontal bone2. Occipital bone3. Ethmoid bone4. Sphenoid bone
5–6. Parietal bones (pair)7–8. Temporal bones (pair)
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There are 14 facial bones. All are paired except for the single mandible and vomer.
Maxillae Zygomatics Palatines Nasals Lacrimals Inferior nasal conchae◦ Mandible (1)
Vomer (1)◦
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Foramen or Canal: ◦ Openings for passage of vessels/nerves
Process: ◦ bony prominence for muscle attachment
Fossa: ◦ depression, usually for articulation
Coronal suture
Parietal bone
Temporal bone
Lambdoid suture
Squamous sutureOccipital bone
Zygomatic process
External acousticmeatus
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Mandibular ramus
Frontal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
Zygomatic boneMaxilla
Alveolar processes
Mandible (body)
Mental foramen
Sphenoidbone
Temporal bone
Internalacoustic meatus
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Foramen magnum
Frontal bone
Ethmoidbone
Cribriform plateCrista galli
Optic canal
Sella turcica (houses pituitary gland)
Foramen ovale
Jugular foramen
Maxilla
Sphenoid bone(greater wing)
Foramen ovale
Carotid canal
Jugular foramen
Occipital condyle
Foramen magnum
Maxilla(palatine process)
Palatine bone
Hardpalate
Zygomatic bone
Temporal bone(zygomatic process)
Vomer
Mandibular fossa
Styloid process
Mastoid process
Temporal bone
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Mandible
Coronal suture
Parietal bone
Nasal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid boneLacrimal bone
Zygomatic bone
Maxilla
Frontal bone
Superior orbitalfissure
Temporal boneOptic canal
Middle nasal conchaof ethmoid bone
Vomer
Inferior nasal concha
Alveolar processes
Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity
Found in:◦ Frontal◦ Ethmoid◦ Sphenoid◦ Maxillary
Functions :lighten the skull; amplify speech
Sinus Infections: infections to the mucosae (mucous membranes) of the sinuses = sinusitis
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Frontal sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Sphenoidalsinus
Maxillarysinus
(a) Anterior view
Frontal sinus
Ethmoid sinus
SphenoidalsinusMaxillarysinus
(b) Medial view
The only bone that does not articulate with another bone; “floating”
Functions:1. movable base for the tongue 2. Attachment site for neck muscles3. Aids in swallowing and speech
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Greater horn
Lesser horn
Body
CRANIUM
“PEST of 6”
Six bones:◦ Parietal◦ Ethmoid◦ Sphenoid◦ Temporal◦ Occipital◦ Frontal
ORBIT “Poor Fat
Suzy Likes Eating Many Zingers”
Parietal Frontal Sphenoid Lacrimal Ethmoid Maxilla Zygomatic
FACE “Many
Monkeys Live In Very Nice Public Zoos”
Mandible Maxilla Lacrimals Inferior
Conchae Vomer Nasal Palatine Zygomatic
Fontanels: fibrous membranes connecting cranial bones◦ Allow skull compression during birth◦ Allow brain growth during pregnancy and infancy◦ Convert to bone within 24 months after birth
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Parietal bone
Posteriorfontanel
Anterior fontanelSphenoidalfontanel
Frontalbone
Temporal bone
Occipital bone
Mastoidfontanel