AXIAL SKELETON Skull Skull and associated bones Associated bones Thoracic cage Ribs Sternum Hyoid...
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Transcript of AXIAL SKELETON Skull Skull and associated bones Associated bones Thoracic cage Ribs Sternum Hyoid...
AXIAL SKELETON
Skull
Skull andassociated
bones
Associatedbones
Thoraciccage
Ribs
Sternum
Hyoid
Auditoryossicles
Face
80
8
14
6
1
29
Cranium
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24
1
26
1
1Vertebralcolumn
Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
SKELETAL SYSTEM
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
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126
Skeletal system, axial components highlighted
Bones of the Face
Figure 7.2a
Lateral Aspect of the Skull
Figure 7.3a
The Skull – Posterior View
Figure 7.2b
Inferior Aspect of the Skull
Figure 7.4a
Frontal bone
Zygomatic bone
Maxilla
Nasal bones
Lacrimal bones
Vomer
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Frontal boneParietal
bone
Occipital bone Temporal
bone
Parietal bones
Occipital bone
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Zygomatic bone
Maxilla
Palatine bones
Sphenoid
Vomer
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone
Temporal bone
Occipital bone
Frontal bone
Name these bones
Cranialbones
Facialbones
SKULL
ASSOCIATED BONES
Auditory ossiclesenclosed in
temporal bones(detailed inChapter 18)
Hyoid bone
6
7
6
1
8
1
2
1
1
1
2
CRANIUM
Occipital bone
Parietal bones
Frontal bone
Temporal bones
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
FACE
Maxillae
Palatine bones
Nasal bones
Inferior nasalconchae
Zygomatic bones
Lacrimal bones
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
Vomer
Mandible
Mandible
Vomer
Facial bones
Maxilla
Zygomaticbone
Nasalbone
Lacrimal bone
Cranial bones
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Frontalbone
Parietal bone
Temporalbone
Parietal bone
Occipitalbone
14
MandiblePosterior view
Occipital condyle
Styloid process
Temporalbone
Squamoussuture
Lambdoidsuture
Sagittal suture
Occipitalbone
Left parietalbone
Right parietalbone
Nasal bones
Superior view
Zygomaticbone
Coronalsuture
Sagittalsuture
Lambdoidsuture
Leftparietal
bone
Rightparietal
bone
Occipital bone
Frontal bone
Zygomaticarch Temporal process
of zygomatic bone
Zygomatic processof temporal bone
Styloid process(temporal bone)
External acoustic(auditory) meatus
(temporal bone)
Lambdoid suture
Squamous suture
Parietal bone
Frontalbone
Coronal suture
Sphenoid
Supraorbitalforamen(frontal bone)
Nasal bone
Lacrimal grooveof lacrimal bone
Ethmoid
InfraorbitalForamen(maxilla)
Maxilla
Zygomaticbone
Lateral view
Mandible
Occipitalbone
Temporalbone
Mental foramen(mandible)
Mandible
Vomer
Inferior nasal concha
Vomer
Maxilla
Nasal bone
Zygomatic bone
Lacrimal bone
Palatine bone
Ethmoid
Temporal bone
Sphenoid
Supraorbital foramen(frontal bone)
Parietal bone
Frontal bone
Coronal suture
Optic canal/foramen(sphenoid bone)
Superior orbital fissure(sphenoid bone)
Inferior orbital fissure
Infraorbital foramen(maxilla)
Middle nasal concha(ethmoid bone)
Perpendicular plateof ethmoid bone
Mental foramen(mandible)
Anterior view
Inferior view,mandible removed
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyle(occipital bone)
Temporal bone
Carotid canal
Foramen lacerum
(Temporal bone)
Zygomatic process of the temporal bone
Palatine bone
Maxilla
Frontal bone
Zygomatic bone
Vomer
Sphenoid
Foramen ovale(sphenoid bone)
Styloid process(temporal bone)
Mandibular fossa(temporal bone)
External auditory (acoustic) meatus
(temporal bone)
Jugular foramen
Lambdoid suture
Occipital bone
Frontal bone
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Temporal bone Carotid canal(temporal bone)
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Jugular foramen
Internalacoustic meatus(temporal bone)
Foramen spinosum(sphenoid bone)
Foramen ovale(sphenoid bone)
Foramen lacerum
Foramen rotundum(spehnoid bone)
Sella turcica(spehnoid bone)
Cribriform plateEthmoid bone)
Crista galli(ethmoid bone)
Foramenmagnum
Coronal suture
Frontal bone
Sphenoid
Sphenoidal sinus
Frontal sinus
Crista galli(ethmoid bone)
Nasal bone
Perpendicular plateof ethmoid bone
Vomer
Maxilla
Mandible
Palatine bone
Styloid process(temporal bone)
Occipital bone
Internal acoustic(auditory) meatus(temporal b one)
Hypophyseal fossa*of sella turcica(sphenoid bone)
Lambdoid suture
Temporal bone
Squamous suture
Parietal bone
* Holds the pituitary gland in the fossa
SPHENOID BONE: Anterior
Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosom
Lesser wings
Greater wings
Sella turcica
Optic foramen
SPHENOID BONE: Anterior and tilted
Superior orbital fissure
Optic (chiasmatic)groove
Lesserwing
Greaterwing
Sellaturcica
Superior surfaceForamenspinosum
Foramenovale
Foramenrotundum
Superiororbitalfissure
Optic foramen (canal)
Sphenoid bone
Foramen rotundum
Anteriorsurface
Orbitalsurface of
greaterwing
Greaterwing
Lesserwing
Sphenoidalsinus
Superiororbitalfissure
Sphenoid bone
Olfactory foramina
Cribiform plate
Crista galiETHMOID BONE
Ethmoid sinuses
Ethmoid BoneCrista gali
Ethmoid Bone
Perpendicular plate
Middle nasal conchae
Anterior view
Perpendicularplate
Middle nasalconcha
Cristagalli
Cribriform plate (contain olfactory foramina)
Ethmoid bone
Maxilla removed so you can see ethmoid and sphenoid bones
Ethmod removed so you can see sphenoid bone
Tilted upward to see hole where crista galli goes
Ethmod with yellow vomer
Ethmod with yellow vomer, side view
Ethmod with white
perpendicular plate meeting yellow vomer
Inferior nasal concha are separate bones
Palatine bones are in brown
Lacrimal bones are
yellow
Palatine bones are in brown, inferior nasal conchae are pink, lacrimal bones are yellow. Nasal bones can be seen at the top. Everything in blue is the maxilla.
Sphenoidalsinus
Nasal conchae(superior, middle,
and inferior)
Optic groove
Crista galli(Ethmoid bone)
Frontal sinus
Sella turcica (sphenoid)
Skull, sagittal section
Internalacousticmeatus(Temporal bone)
Jugularforamen
Head
Teeth (molar)
Ramus
Lateral viewMental
foramen
Body
Mandible
Mandibular foramen
Styloid process(temporal bone)
Mandible
Anterior view
Thyroidcartilage
Lesser horn
Greater horn
Hyoid bone, anterosuperior view
Body
Lesserhorn
Greaterhorn
Mandible and hyoid bones
Hyoid
Posterior viewAnterior/superior view
Frontal suture
Frontal bone
Frontal suture
Coronal suture
Anterior fontanel
Parietal bone
Sagittal suture
Coronalsuture
Lateral view
Temporalbone
MandibleMaxilla
Greater wingof sphenoid
Nasal bone
Sphenoidalfontanel
Coronalsuture
Frontalbone
Parietal bone
Squamous suture
Lambdoid suture
Occipital bone
Mastoidfontanel
Frontal bone
Frontal suture
Frontal bone
Anteriorfontanel
Parietal bone
Parietal bone
Sagittal suture
Lambdoidsuture
Occipitalbone
Posterior fontanel
Superior view
Sagittal suture
Parietal bone
Posterior fontanel
Lambdoid suture
Occipital bone
Fontanels
Figure 7.21a
Fontanels
Figure 7.21b
Fetal Skull
Anterior fontanel
Posterior fontanel
Fetal Skull
Sphenoid fontanelMastoid
fontanel
Ear bones (ossicles)
2 fetalmonths
6 fetalmonths
Newborn 4-year-old
13-year-old
Adult
Sacral
Lumbar
Thoracic
Cervical
MRI scan (sagittal section)Sacralvertebrae
Intervertebraldisc
Lumbarvertebrae
Thoracicvertebrae
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
Lateral viewLateral view
Sacral
Lumbar
Thoracic
Cervical
SPINAL CURVES VERTEBRAL REGIONS
C2
C1
C3C4C5
C6C7
T1T2
T3T4T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
T12
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1
2
3
4
56
789
1011
121
2
3
4
5
L5
S1
Articularprocesses
Vertebralarch
Vertebralbody
Superior view
Inferior articularfacet
Inferior articularprocess
Inferiorarticular
facet
Lateral and inferior view
Vertebralforamen
Arrow passingthrough vertebral
foramen
Transverseprocess
Superiorarticularprocess
Inferiorarticularprocess
Vertebralbody
Spinousprocess
Pedicle
Inferior view
Superior articularprocess
Transverseprocess
Pedicle
Vertebral body
Spinousprocess
Typical lumbar vertebra
Lateral view
Arrow passingthrough vertebralcanal
Vertebral bodyVertebral body
Transverse process
Intervertebraldisc
Intervertebraldisc
Spinous process
Superior articular process
Intervertebralforamen
Lamina
Superior articular facet
Inferiorarticularprocess
Posterior view
Inferiorarticular
facet
Vertebra prominens
C7
C6
C5
C4
C3
C2
C1
Typical cervical vertebra, lateral view
Superior articular facet
Superior articular process
Inferior articular process
Inferior articularfacet
Spinous process
Spinous process
Transverse process Vertebral body
Location of transverse foramen
Typical cervical vertebra, superior view
Vertebral body
Superior articularprocess
Superior articular facetTransverse
process
Spinousprocess
Lamina
Transverse foramen
Pedicle
Vertebralforamen
Vertebralarch
Superiorarticularfacet of axis
Maxilla
Inferior articularfacet of atlas
Dens of axis
Vertebral bodyof atlas
C3 vertebralbody
Mandible
X-ray of superior cervical vertebrae,anterior-posterior view
Typical cervical vertebra
Transverseprocess
Transverseforamen
Vertebralforamen
Posteriortubercle
Vertebralforamen
Superiorarticular facet
Superiorarticular process
Atlas, superior view
Atlas, inferior view
Inferior articularfacet
1st cervical vertebra (C1) or atlas
Spinousprocess
Lamina
Axis, superior view Axis, inferior view
Vertebralforamen
Transverseforamen
Transverseprocess
Pedicle
Superiorarticular
facet
Dens
Vertebralbody
Vertebralforamen
Vertebralbody
Pedicle
LaminaSpinousprocess
Transverseforamen
Superiorarticularprocess
Transverseprocess
Inferiorarticularprocess
Inferiorarticular
facet
2nd cervical vertebra (C2) or axis
Axis (C )
Atlas (C )1
2
Dens
Transverseligament
Articulated atlas andaxis; superior andposterior view
Thoracic vertebra, lateral view
Inferior articularprocess
Inferior vertebral notch
Superior costal facetfor head of rib
Inferiorcostal facet
Transverseprocesses
Pedicle
Spinousprocess
Superiorarticular facet
Transversecostal facet
Spinousprocess
Intervertebralforamen
Spinousprocess
of vertebraprominens
Inferior costalfacet for head
of rib
Vertebralbody
Superiorarticular process
Thoracic vertebrae, lateral view
T5
T6
T7
T8
T4
T3
T2
T1
C7
T9
T10
T11
T12
Typical thoracic vertebra
Transversecostal facetfor tubercle
of rib
Superiorcostalfacet
Superiorcostalfacet
Vertebralbody
Transversecostal facet
Spinous process
Lamina
Pedicle
Transverse process
Superiorarticular facet
Superiorarticular process
Inferiorcostal facet
Vertebralforamen
Thoracic vertebra, superior view
Transverseprocess
Superiorarticular
facet
Thoracic vertebra, posterior view
Spinousprocess
Lamina
Lateral view
Superior articular process
Vertebralbody
Spinousprocess
VertebralbodySpinous
process
Transverse process
Inferior articular process
Pedicle
Inferior articular facet
Lumbar vertebra
Vertebralbody
Vertebralforamen
Superiorarticular
facet
Spinous process
Superiorarticularprocess
Lamina
Transverseprocess
Pedicle
Vertebralforamen
Vertebralbody
Superiorarticular
facet
Lumbar vertebra, superior view
Posterior surface Lateral surface Anterior surfaceCoccyx
SacrumSacrum
Sacrum and coccyx
Anterior view
Jugular notch
T12
12
Manubrium
Sternum Body
Xiphoidprocess
Costalcartilages
Floating ribs(ribs 11–12)
Vertebrochondral ribs
(ribs 8–10)
T11
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
True ribs(ribs 1–7)
False ribs(ribs 8–12)
Thoracic cage- ribs (costae), sternum, and vertebrae
Superior view
Costalfacet
Vertebralend
Transversecostalfacet
Head
Angle
Neck
Tubercleof rib
LE6-27c
Posterior view
False ribs(ribs 8–12)
True ribs(ribs 1–7)
8
6
5
9
4
7
12
3
L1
10
11
12T12
T11
T10
T8
T9
T5
T7
T6
T4
T3
T2
T1
C7
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
21
Body
Posterior view
Attachment tocostal cartilage(sternal end)
Articularfacets Head Neck
Costal groove
Tubercle
Angle
Costa (rib)