Post on 15-Jan-2016
Skeletal Disorders
May Occur with Bone, Cartilage, Ligaments, Joints
Tumors & Cancers
• Osteosarcoma– Common– Fatal
Tumors & Cancers
• Chondrosarcoma– Skeletal Cartilage
Cancer
Tumors & Cancers
• Fibrosarcoma– Malignant– Bone Marrow– Excessive Connective
Tissue Production
Osteoporosis
• Most Common & Serious– “Condition of bone
pores”
Osteoporosis
• Excessive loss of calcium & collagen fibers– Decrease in bone
volume / Holes
Osteoporosis
• Bones are brittle & easily broken– Spontaneous
Fractures– Femur & Vertebrae
Osteoporosis
• Most frequently in white elderly women– Decreasing sex
hormones reduces bone growth and bone mass maintenance
– Kyphosis most notable outward sign• Shrink
Osteomalacia
• Decrease in Hard Minerals– Bone volume remains
the same
• Demineralization• Vitamin D deficiency
– Required to absorb Ca and P
• In children, it is called Rickets
• Bone Deformities• Ca imbalance can
lead to death
Paget Disease
• Also called Osteitis deformans
• Affects Older Adults• Characterized by
abnormal bone remodeling
• Normal Spongy Bone replaced by disorganized new bone– Thickens entire bone
Osteomyelitis
• Bacterial infections of bone and marrow tissue
• Staphylococcus most common
• Difficult to treat due to bone density and slow healing
Bone Fractures• Open Fractures
– The bone pierces the skin– Compound
• Closed Fractures– The bone does not pierce the skin– Simple
• Complete– Displacement
• Incomplete– No Displacement
Fracture Types• Greenstick
– Bone is broken only on one side
• Comminuted– Break that produces many
fragments• Impacted
– Bone fragments are driven into each other
• Transverse– Fracture is at a right angle
to the bone’s long axis• Oblique
– Fracture is diagonal to the bone’s long axis
Name that Fracture
TRANSVERSE
GREENSTICK
OBLIQUE
COMMINUTED
IMPACTED
Joint DisordersNon-inflammatory
&
Inflammatory
Noninflammatory Joint Disease
• Does NOT inflame the Synovial Membrane
Osteoarthritis
• Also known as degenerative joint disease
• Most Common• Degeneration of the
articular cartilage• Advanced Age, Joint
Damage, Joint Stress
Dislocation
• When the articular surfaces of bones are no longer in proper contact
• Bone stays OUT of the joint
• SUBLUXATION– Reduces on its own
Sprain
• An acute injury to the ligaments around a joint
• Tear of the Ligament
Inflammatory Joint Disease
• Arthritis• Inflammed Synovial Membrane• Many causes
– Infection– Genetics– Autoimmunity
Rheumatoid Arthritis• Autoimmune Disorder• Chromic inflammation
of connective tissues– Begins in the synovial
membrane– Spreads to cartilage &
other tissues• Crippling• Juvenile Rheumatoid
Arthritis– More Severe– More Common in Girls
Gouty Arthritis
• Gout• Metabolic Condition• Increase in Uric Acid
in Blood– Alcohol, Sweet, Fat– Sodium Urate Crystals
deposited in Distal Joints
– Trigger Chronic Inflammation
Infectious Arthritis
• Pathogens cause synovial infection
• Joint Deterioration• Most Common
Bacterial• Other Signs &
Symptoms• Lyme Disease
– Ticks