Skeletal Disorders

May Occur with Bone, Cartilage, Ligaments, Joints

Tumors & Cancers

• Osteosarcoma– Common– Fatal

Tumors & Cancers

• Chondrosarcoma– Skeletal Cartilage

Cancer

Tumors & Cancers

• Fibrosarcoma– Malignant– Bone Marrow– Excessive Connective

Tissue Production

Osteoporosis

• Most Common & Serious– “Condition of bone

pores”

Osteoporosis

• Excessive loss of calcium & collagen fibers– Decrease in bone

volume / Holes

Osteoporosis

• Bones are brittle & easily broken– Spontaneous

Fractures– Femur & Vertebrae

Osteoporosis

• Most frequently in white elderly women– Decreasing sex

hormones reduces bone growth and bone mass maintenance

– Kyphosis most notable outward sign• Shrink

Osteomalacia

• Decrease in Hard Minerals– Bone volume remains

the same

• Demineralization• Vitamin D deficiency

– Required to absorb Ca and P

• In children, it is called Rickets

• Bone Deformities• Ca imbalance can

lead to death

Paget Disease

• Also called Osteitis deformans

• Affects Older Adults• Characterized by

abnormal bone remodeling

• Normal Spongy Bone replaced by disorganized new bone– Thickens entire bone

Osteomyelitis

• Bacterial infections of bone and marrow tissue

• Staphylococcus most common

• Difficult to treat due to bone density and slow healing

Bone Fractures• Open Fractures

– The bone pierces the skin– Compound

• Closed Fractures– The bone does not pierce the skin– Simple

• Complete– Displacement

• Incomplete– No Displacement

Fracture Types• Greenstick

– Bone is broken only on one side

• Comminuted– Break that produces many

fragments• Impacted

– Bone fragments are driven into each other

• Transverse– Fracture is at a right angle

to the bone’s long axis• Oblique

– Fracture is diagonal to the bone’s long axis

Name that Fracture

TRANSVERSE

GREENSTICK

OBLIQUE

COMMINUTED

IMPACTED

Joint DisordersNon-inflammatory

&

Inflammatory

Noninflammatory Joint Disease

• Does NOT inflame the Synovial Membrane

Osteoarthritis

• Also known as degenerative joint disease

• Most Common• Degeneration of the

articular cartilage• Advanced Age, Joint

Damage, Joint Stress

Dislocation

• When the articular surfaces of bones are no longer in proper contact

• Bone stays OUT of the joint

• SUBLUXATION– Reduces on its own

Sprain

• An acute injury to the ligaments around a joint

• Tear of the Ligament

Inflammatory Joint Disease

• Arthritis• Inflammed Synovial Membrane• Many causes

– Infection– Genetics– Autoimmunity

Rheumatoid Arthritis• Autoimmune Disorder• Chromic inflammation

of connective tissues– Begins in the synovial

membrane– Spreads to cartilage &

other tissues• Crippling• Juvenile Rheumatoid

Arthritis– More Severe– More Common in Girls

Gouty Arthritis

• Gout• Metabolic Condition• Increase in Uric Acid

in Blood– Alcohol, Sweet, Fat– Sodium Urate Crystals

deposited in Distal Joints

– Trigger Chronic Inflammation

Infectious Arthritis

• Pathogens cause synovial infection

• Joint Deterioration• Most Common

Bacterial• Other Signs &

Symptoms• Lyme Disease

– Ticks