Sedimentary Rocks

(pages 102–106)

1. Describe how sedimentary rocks form.

2. List and describe the three major types of sedimentary rocks.

Objectives

write these down!

• Sediment• Erosion• Deposition• Compaction• Cementation• Clastic rock • Organic rock• Chemical rock

Word wall

How do sedimentary rocks form?

Question 1

Objective 1

Most sedimentary rocks are formed through a series of

processes:

• erosion • deposition• compaction• cementatio

n

Sediment is the particles that make up

sedimentary rock.

Objective 1

Sediment may include pieces of rock, shell, or

bone.

Objective 1

Most sediment comes from erosion.

In erosion, moving water, wind, or ice loosens and carries away pieces of

rock.

Objective 1

When the moving water, wind, or ice slows down, it drops the sediment.

This is called deposition.

Objective 1

Layers of sediment build up over millions of years.

Newer layers press down on older layers.

Objective 1

This squeezes the sediment together.

The squeezing is called compaction.

Objective 1

Let’s compact a piece of bread and see what happens!

Objective 1

Experiment

Water seeps between sediment particles.

Dissolved minerals in the water form

crystals.

Objective 1

The crystals “glue” the sediment

particles together.

This is called cementation.

Objective 1

Rock Cycle

Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things are called

sediment

?

Circle the letter of the process that loosens and carries away pieces of rock.

a. compactionb. erosionc. deposition

?

List three forces that can carry sediment.

a. _______________

b. _______________

c. _______________

Running waterWind

Ice

1. Fill in the blanks in the flowchart showing the series of processes that forms sedimentary rocks.

Process That Form Sedim entary Rocks

Erosion

a.

Com paction

b.

Deposition

Cementation

?

Objective 2

There are three major groups of sedimentary

rocks:

clastic rocks, organic rocks, and

chemical rocks.

Sedimentary rocks are classified by the kind of sediments they are

made of.

Objective 2

Clastic rock is made of rock particles.

The particles can be tiny or huge.

Objective 2

Sandstone is clastic rock.

Sandstone is made of particles of sand.

Objective 2

Organic rock is made of the remains of

plants and animals.

“Organic” means alive or once living.

Objective 2

Limestone is organic rock.

Limestone is made of bones and shells.

Objective 2

Chemical rock is made of dissolved minerals

that came out of solution and formed

crystals.

Objective 2

Rock salt is chemical rock.

Rock salt forms when a solution evaporates and leaves behind crystals of

halite.

“Natural Crystal Mine – Pakistan”

Objective 2

Kinds of Sedimentary Rock

Kind of Rock Kind of Sediment It Contains

Clastic rock rock particles

a.

remains of plants and animals

b.

mineral crystals from solutions

Organic rock

Chemical rock

?

The kind of sedimentary rock that forms from bones and shells is The kind of sedimentary rock that forms from particles of sand is

sandstone

limestone

?

EXIT TICKET