Post on 18-May-2015
description
Created by using various internet
MORPHOLOGY OF FRUITS
Created by using various internet Resources
for Educational Purpose onlyby
Dr. M. Jayakara BhandaryAssociate Professor of Botany
Government CollegeKarwar -581301
Photo: Dinesh Nayak Vittla
A mature or ripened ovary formed after fertilization is called fruit.
Ovary wall – Pericarp
What is a fruit?
Ovary wall – PericarpOvule- seed
Parts of Fruits
Fruit Fruit Ripened ovary
Pericarp Pericarp Covering of ovary
EpicarpEpicarpOutermost
MesocarpMesocarpMiddle layer
Endocarp Endocarp Innermost layer
Seed Seed Ovule development
Types of Fruits
1. True fruits� Ovary of the flowers grows into the
fruit.2. Peudo-fruits/False fruits2. Peudo-fruits/False fruits� It is often found that other floral parts
such as thalamus, receptacle or calyx, may grow and form a part of fruit.
Types of the fruits
• Depending upon the number of fruits developing from a flower (which depends on number of (which depends on number of carpels present in the flowers), the fruits are classified:
Fruit
Simple fruit Aggregate fruit
Composite/multiple
fruit
Fleshy fruit Dry fruit
Dehiscent
Indehiscent
Schizocarpic
fruit
Types of Fruits
Simple Fruits• Single fruit from a flower
– Dry simple• Dry Dehiscent – dehisce automatically
– Legume– Follicle– Siliqua– Capsule
• Dry Indehiscent- no dehiscence– Caryopsis– Caryopsis– Achene– Samara– Cypsella– Nut
• Schizocarpic – splitting to many one seeded bits– Lomentum– Cremocarp– Regma
Simple Fruits contd….
• Fleshy simple Fruits– Drupes– Berry– Pepo– Pepo– Pome– Hesperidium
Aggregate Fruits• Flowers with many
apocarpous (free) ovaries – many fruits from a single flower:– Aggregate/Etaerio of
FolliclesFollicles– Aggregate/Etaerio of
Achenes– Aggregate/Etaerio of
Drupes– Aggregate/Etaerio of
Berries
Composite or Multiple Fruits
• One fruit from an entire inflorescence– Sorosis – from
spadix/spike spadix/spike inflorescences (Jackfruit, Pineapple)
– Syconus – from hypanthodium (Eg. Fig)
Legume
From monocarpellery, single chambered Ovary.Seeds in marginal placentation.Splits along both margins.
Follicle
Dry monocarpellary, single chambered,burst from one suture ,Ex. Calotropis
SiliquaSplit from below upwards,Seeds attached to central to central ReplumEx. Mustard
Silicula
A short siliqua
Ex. Shepherds Ex. Shepherds purse
Capsule
Multilocular, many seeded fruit.From bi-From bi-polycarpellary syncarpous ovary.Different types based nature of dehiscence
Caryopsis
One seeded fruit from monocarpelleryovary.ovary.Pericarp fused with testa.Ex. Paddy, Grass fruits
Achene
One seeded fruit from monocarpellerymonocarpelleryovary.Pericarp free from testa.Ex. Mirabilis
Samara• Winged fruits
one /two seeded fruits with flattened wing like out growthsEx. TerminaliaEx. Terminalia
Cypsella
• One seeded fruit from an inferior Ovary
• Ex. Sunflower• Ex. Sunflower
Nut• One seeded fruit with a hard covering
Schizocarpic Fruits
• Lomentum– Splitting into
many one seeded pieces
Intermediate between dehiscent and indehiscent
seeded pieces– Ex: Mimosa,
Ground nut
Cremocarp
From bicarpellary syncarpousbilocular ovary, 2 chambered fruit – one seed in each chamber.each chamber.Splits into two pieces called mericarps which remain attached to a central stalk called carpophore.Ex. Coriandrum, Fennel
Regma
From trilocular ovary,3-chambered with seeds in axileplacentation.Each chamber with Each chamber with single seed separates,Remains attached to the central carpophore.Ex. Castor
Fleshy Fruits - Drupes
Berry
Pepo
Hesperidium
Aggregate of Follicles
Aggregate of Berries
Multiple/composite fruit� Composed of a number of closely associated
flowers aggregate together is called multiple fruit.1. Sorosis
� Developing from spike in which flowers fused by sepals and becomes woody.
� Pineapple� Pineapple2. Syconus
� Developing from hypanthodium, pear-shaped which encloses number of minute male and female flowers.
� Banyan, peepul, fig.