Created by using various internet

MORPHOLOGY OF FRUITS

Created by using various internet Resources

for Educational Purpose onlyby

Dr. M. Jayakara BhandaryAssociate Professor of Botany

Government CollegeKarwar -581301

Photo: Dinesh Nayak Vittla

A mature or ripened ovary formed after fertilization is called fruit.

Ovary wall – Pericarp

What is a fruit?

Ovary wall – PericarpOvule- seed

Parts of Fruits

Fruit Fruit Ripened ovary

Pericarp Pericarp Covering of ovary

EpicarpEpicarpOutermost

MesocarpMesocarpMiddle layer

Endocarp Endocarp Innermost layer

Seed Seed Ovule development

Types of Fruits

1. True fruits� Ovary of the flowers grows into the

fruit.2. Peudo-fruits/False fruits2. Peudo-fruits/False fruits� It is often found that other floral parts

such as thalamus, receptacle or calyx, may grow and form a part of fruit.

Types of the fruits

• Depending upon the number of fruits developing from a flower (which depends on number of (which depends on number of carpels present in the flowers), the fruits are classified:

Fruit

Simple fruit Aggregate fruit

Composite/multiple

fruit

Fleshy fruit Dry fruit

Dehiscent

Indehiscent

Schizocarpic

fruit

Types of Fruits

Simple Fruits• Single fruit from a flower

– Dry simple• Dry Dehiscent – dehisce automatically

– Legume– Follicle– Siliqua– Capsule

• Dry Indehiscent- no dehiscence– Caryopsis– Caryopsis– Achene– Samara– Cypsella– Nut

• Schizocarpic – splitting to many one seeded bits– Lomentum– Cremocarp– Regma

Simple Fruits contd….

• Fleshy simple Fruits– Drupes– Berry– Pepo– Pepo– Pome– Hesperidium

Aggregate Fruits• Flowers with many

apocarpous (free) ovaries – many fruits from a single flower:– Aggregate/Etaerio of

FolliclesFollicles– Aggregate/Etaerio of

Achenes– Aggregate/Etaerio of

Drupes– Aggregate/Etaerio of

Berries

Composite or Multiple Fruits

• One fruit from an entire inflorescence– Sorosis – from

spadix/spike spadix/spike inflorescences (Jackfruit, Pineapple)

– Syconus – from hypanthodium (Eg. Fig)

Legume

From monocarpellery, single chambered Ovary.Seeds in marginal placentation.Splits along both margins.

Follicle

Dry monocarpellary, single chambered,burst from one suture ,Ex. Calotropis

SiliquaSplit from below upwards,Seeds attached to central to central ReplumEx. Mustard

Silicula

A short siliqua

Ex. Shepherds Ex. Shepherds purse

Capsule

Multilocular, many seeded fruit.From bi-From bi-polycarpellary syncarpous ovary.Different types based nature of dehiscence

Caryopsis

One seeded fruit from monocarpelleryovary.ovary.Pericarp fused with testa.Ex. Paddy, Grass fruits

Achene

One seeded fruit from monocarpellerymonocarpelleryovary.Pericarp free from testa.Ex. Mirabilis

Samara• Winged fruits

one /two seeded fruits with flattened wing like out growthsEx. TerminaliaEx. Terminalia

Cypsella

• One seeded fruit from an inferior Ovary

• Ex. Sunflower• Ex. Sunflower

Nut• One seeded fruit with a hard covering

Schizocarpic Fruits

• Lomentum– Splitting into

many one seeded pieces

Intermediate between dehiscent and indehiscent

seeded pieces– Ex: Mimosa,

Ground nut

Cremocarp

From bicarpellary syncarpousbilocular ovary, 2 chambered fruit – one seed in each chamber.each chamber.Splits into two pieces called mericarps which remain attached to a central stalk called carpophore.Ex. Coriandrum, Fennel

Regma

From trilocular ovary,3-chambered with seeds in axileplacentation.Each chamber with Each chamber with single seed separates,Remains attached to the central carpophore.Ex. Castor

Fleshy Fruits - Drupes

Berry

Pepo

Hesperidium

Aggregate of Follicles

Aggregate of Berries

Multiple/composite fruit� Composed of a number of closely associated

flowers aggregate together is called multiple fruit.1. Sorosis

� Developing from spike in which flowers fused by sepals and becomes woody.

� Pineapple� Pineapple2. Syconus

� Developing from hypanthodium, pear-shaped which encloses number of minute male and female flowers.

� Banyan, peepul, fig.