Connections: A World HistorySecond Edition

Chapter

Connections: A World History, Second EditionEdward H. Judge • John W. Langdon

The Origins and Expansion of Islam, 100–750

11

The Great Mosque at MeccaThe Great Mosque at Mecca

The Expansion of Islam, 632–732 C.E.The Expansion of Islam, 632–732 C.E.

The Origins and Expansion of Islam The Origins and Expansion of Islam 100–750 100–750

A. Pre-Islamic ArabiaB. The Rise of IslamC. Islam Expands, 632–661 D. The Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750E. Society and Culture in Early Islam

Pre-Islamic ArabiaPre-Islamic Arabia

Pre-Islamic ArabiaPre-Islamic Arabia

A. Camels and Commerce1. Isolation

2. Camel transport

3. Southern Arabia and trade

A camel caravan.A camel caravan.

Pre-Islamic ArabiaPre-Islamic Arabia

B. The Collapse of Southern Arabia and the Rise of Mecca1. Challenges and competition

2. The introduction of monotheism

3. Destruction of southern Arabian states

4. Mecca

FOUNDATION MAP 11.1 Physical Geography of the FOUNDATION MAP 11.1 Physical Geography of the Arabian PeninsulaArabian Peninsula

MAP 11.2 Arabia and Adjacent Regions, 500 C.E.MAP 11.2 Arabia and Adjacent Regions, 500 C.E.

The Rise of IslamThe Rise of Islam

The Rise of IslamThe Rise of Islam

A. The Prophet Muhammad1. Early life

2. Revelations

3. A new prophet, a new religion, and a new mission

4. The Qur’an

A hand-copied page from a 19th-century edition of A hand-copied page from a 19th-century edition of the Qur’an.the Qur’an.

The Rise of IslamThe Rise of Islam

B. From Mecca to Medina1. Hijra

2. Umma

3. Five Pillars of Islam

4. Conversion of Mecca

The Shahadah: “There is no God but Allah, and The Shahadah: “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger.”Muhammad is His messenger.”

Islam ExpandsIslam Expands632–661 632–661

Islam Expands, 632–661 Islam Expands, 632–661

A. An Agreement Between Leader and Followers1. Succession crisis

2. The caliphate

3. Jihad and the two houses

4. The caliphate as empire

MAP 11.3 Islamic Expansion in Southwest Asia, MAP 11.3 Islamic Expansion in Southwest Asia, 632–661632–661

Islam Expands, 632–661 Islam Expands, 632–661

B. The Challenge to a Unified Islam1. Divisions

2. Sunnis and Shi’ites

The Umayyad CaliphateThe Umayyad Caliphate661–750 661–750

The Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750The Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750

A. Umayyad Expansion1. Centralization and expansion

2. Commerce and expansion

B. Collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate1. The Abbasids

MAP 11.4 Islamic Expansion, 661–732MAP 11.4 Islamic Expansion, 661–732

Society and Culture in Early IslamSociety and Culture in Early Islam

Society and Culture in Early IslamSociety and Culture in Early Islam

A. Religious Observance: The Mosque

The Dome of the Rock.The Dome of the Rock.

Society and Culture in Early IslamSociety and Culture in Early Islam

B. Legal Uniformity: The Shari`ah1. Islamic law and daily life

2. Gender and Islamic law

C. Tolerance of Other Faiths

Salat, or ritual worship, mandates a sequence of Salat, or ritual worship, mandates a sequence of prayers to be performed five times each dayprayers to be performed five times each day

Key Dates and DevelopmentsKey Dates and Developments