Post on 01-Jan-2017
PPA SEIAPITechnical Guidelines
SPC Regulators WorkshopTonga 2016
Geoff StapletonSEIAPI Secretary
Background
• SEIAPI one of the original objectives was to develop the technician certification scheme and company accreditation scheme (more about that on Friday)
• Key requirement of any scheme is that there must be standards or technical guidelines which certified people must follow.
• This is also relevant re training courses—what technical things should be taught.(more later today)
History of the Guidelines
• SEIAPI developed four regional guidelines in 2011:• Grid Connected PV Systems- System Design Guidelines• Grid Connected PV Systems- System Installation Guidelines• Off-Grid PV Power Systems- System Design Guidelines• Off-Grid PV Power Systems - System Installation Guidelines
• Workshops were conducted: first funded by SPREP in Nov 2011 in Fiji and then again in 2012 by IRENA in Palau and Fiji.
• SEIAPI funded one in Cook Islands.
• In 2014 they were re-edited and re-launched at the Energy Ministers meeting as the PPA/SEIAPI Guidelines.
PPA World Bank Project
• Hybrid Power Systems-Design Guidelines
• Hybrid Power Systems-Installation Guidelines
• Energy Efficiency and Energy Auditing
• Biofuels• Micro/Mini-
hydro(<4MW): Design Guidelines
• Micro/Mini-hydro(<4MW): Installation Guidelines
• Wind (<100kW used in Hybrid power Systems): Design Guidelines
• Wind (<100kW used in Hybrid power Systems): Installation Guidelines
• Wind (Grid connect): Design Guidelines
• Wind (Grid connect): Installation Guidelines
• Wave Energy• Solar water Heaters
In Australia and New Zealand the following standards are applicable: …
In Australia and New Zealand the relevant standards include:AS/NZ 3000 Wiring RulesAS 3008 Selection of CablesAS /NZS4777 Grid Connection of energy systems by inverters AS/NZS 5033 Installation of PV ArraysAS 4509 Stand-alone power systems (note some aspects of these standards are relevant to grid connect systems)AS 3595 Energy management programsAS 1768 Lightning Protection
STANDARDS- Australia/New ZealandRelated to Grid Connect
IEC Guidelines +
• 61215 Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules—Design qualification and type approval
• 61646 Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules—Design qualification and type approval
• 61730 Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification– 61730-1 Part 1: Requirements for construction– 61730-2 Part 2: Requirements for testing
• 62109 Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems– 62109-1 Part 1: General requirements– 62109-2 Part 2: Particular requirements for inverters
• EN50521 Connectors for photovoltaic systems—Safety requirements and tests
In USA the relevant codes and standards include:• Electrical Codes-National Electrical Code
• Article 690: Solar Photovoltaic Systems and NFPA 70• Article 705: Interconnected Electric Power Sources
• Uniform Solar Energy Code• Building Codes- ICC, ASCE 7• UL Standard 1701; Flat Plat Photovoltaic Modules and Panels• IEEE 1547, Standards for Interconnecting distributed Resources
with Electric Power Systems• UL Standard 1741, Standard for Inverter, converters, Controllers
and Interconnection System Equipment for use with Distributed Energy Resources
•
STANDARDS –USARelated to Grid Connect Systems
Grid Connect Design Guideline
• The document provides the minimum knowledge required when designing a PV Grid connect system.
• The actual design criteria could include: specifying a specific size (in kWp) for an array; available budget; available roof space; wanting to zero their annual electrical usage or a number of other specific customer related criteria.
• For utilities and government-reducing fuel usage
Designing a System
• Whatever the final design criteria a designer shall be capable of:
• Determining the energy yield, specific yield and performance ratio of the grid connect PV system.
• Determining the inverter size based on the size of the array.
• Matching the array configuration to the selected inverter maximum voltage and voltage operating windows
Topics Covered- Grid Connect Design Guideline
• Site visit
• Solar Irradiation Data
• System Losses
• Matching Inverter and Array
• Energy Yield
• Performance Ratio
• Quotation Documentation
General
• The performance of a reliable installation that fulfils a customer’s expectations requires both careful design and correct installation practice.
• Compliance with relevant Health and Safety regulations is necessary.
• Guideline Provides minimum requirements
Topics Covered- Grid Connect Installation Guideline
• PV Modules
• Orientation/location of array
• Mounting array-– roof top
– Ground Mounted
• PV Array DC Isolator
• Cable selection
• Protection requirements
• Installing Inverter• Inverter AC Isolator• Connection at
switchboard• Earthing/grounding• Shut down
procedure• Signage• Commissioning• Documentation
Off Grid Design guidelinesThe design of any off -grid system should consider, other than the electrical load, a number of criteria such as:o Budgeto Power qualityo Environmental impacto Aesthetics• Acceptable genset runtime• Site accessibility• Level of automation
Off Grid Design guidelinesThis guidelines is based on d.c. bus systems and do not include the new a.c. bus hybrid systems currently available.
Guidelines dedicated to AC bus systems and hybrid Systems will be developed.
Extra standards:AS4086.2 Secondary batteries for standalone system
Topics Covered
• Load Energy Assessment
• Determining system d.c. voltage
• Battery sizing and selection
• PV Array Sizing– Switched controllers
– MPPT’s
• Inverter sizing and selection
• Controller sizing and selection
• Generators (fuel) and battery chargers
Topics Covered- Grid Connect Installation Guideline
• PV Modules
• Orientation/location of array
• Mounting array-– roof top
– Ground Mounted
• Battery Installation
• Ventilation Requirements
• Inverter Installation
• Controller Installation
• Cable selection
• Isolation and Protection Requirements
• Shut down procedure
• Signage
• Commissioning
• Documentation