Post on 05-Jul-2018
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr _lrmls
Mjpaot fc MgcrastruoturlMgvlstjlgt fg Xax> Lstmjatmgd_pmiifvlr Lcclots fc tbl KyusbuBmdb-_pllh Pami Imglmg Napag fg Pldmfgai Xax Plvlgul
Gafyukm ]fsbmgf agh\jmh A`mhbahnalv
Gf.
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Xbl Tfrkmgd Uaplr slrmls ms a ofgtmguatmfg fc tbl cfrjlriy gajlh Hmsoussmfg Uaplr slrmls;tbl guj`lrmgd fc tbl paplrs ofgtmgulh wmtbfut mgtlrruptmfg fr obagdl. AH@M”s wfrkmgd
paplrs rlcilot mgmtmai mhlas fg a tfpmo agh arl pfstlh fgimgl cfr hmsoussmfg. AH@M lgofuradlsrlahlrs tf pfst tblmr ofjjlgts fg tbl jamg padl cfr laob wfrkmgd paplr (dmvlg mg tblomtatmfg `lifw). _fjl wfrkmgd paplrs jay hlvlifp mgtf ftblr cfrjs fc pu`imoatmfg.
_uddlstlh omtatmfg>
]fsbmgf, G., agh \. A`mhbahnalv. 0513. Mjpaot fc Mgcrastruoturl Mgvlstjlgt fg Xax>Lstmjatmgd _pmiifvlr Lcclots fc tbl Kyusbu Bmdb-_pllh Pami Imgl mg Napag fg Pldmfgai XaxPlvlgul. AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Asmag Hlvlifpjlgt @agk Mgstmtutl. Avamia`il>bttp>//www.ah`.frd/pu`imoatmfgs/mjpaot-mgcrastruoturl-mgvlstjlgt-tax-lstmjatmgd-spmiifvlr-lcclots-kyusbu-bmdb-spllh/
Uilasl ofgtaot tbl autbfrs cfr mgcfrjatmfg a`fut tbms paplr.
L-jami> gyfsbmgfEah`m.frd, ua`mhbahnalvEah`m.frd
Gafyukm ]fsbmgf ms Hlag fc tbl Asmag Hlvlifpjlgt @agk Mgstmtutl (AH@M).
\jmh A`mhbahnalv ms a rlslarob assfomatl at AH@M.
Xbl vmlws lxprlsslh mg tbms paplr arl tbl vmlws fc tbl autbfr agh hf gft glolssarmiy
rlcilot tbl vmlws fr pfimomls fc AH@M, AH@, mts @farh fc Hmrlotfrs, fr tbl dfvlrgjlgtstbly rlprlslgt. AH@M hfls gft duaragtll tbl aoouraoy fc tbl hata mgoiuhlh mg tbms paplragh aoolpts gf rlspfgsm`mimty cfr agy ofgslqulgols fc tblmr usl. Xlrjmgfifdy uslh jaygft glolssarmiy `l ofgsmstlgt wmtb AH@ fccmomai tlrjs.
Tfrkmgd paplrs arl su`nlot tf cfrjai rlvmsmfg agh ofrrlotmfg `lcfrl tbly arl cmgaimzlhagh ofgsmhlrlh pu`imsblh.
Asmag Hlvlifpjlgt @agk MgstmtutlKasujmdaslkm @umihmgd 2C
?-0-< Kasujmdaslkm, Obmyfha-kuXfkyf 155-3552, Napag
Xli> +21-?-?
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr B
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr
8/16/2019 Impact of Infrastructure Investment on Tax: Estimating Spillover Effects of the Kyushu High-Speed Rail Line in Japa…
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr
8/16/2019 Impact of Infrastructure Investment on Tax: Estimating Spillover Effects of the Kyushu High-Speed Rail Line in Japa…
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr
8/16/2019 Impact of Infrastructure Investment on Tax: Estimating Spillover Effects of the Kyushu High-Speed Rail Line in Japa…
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Autbfrs.
8/16/2019 Impact of Infrastructure Investment on Tax: Estimating Spillover Effects of the Kyushu High-Speed Rail Line in Japa…
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8/16/2019 Impact of Infrastructure Investment on Tax: Estimating Spillover Effects of the Kyushu High-Speed Rail Line in Japa…
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Ofgstruotmfg agh Fplratmfg Xmjlimgl fc tbl Bmdb-_pllh Pami Imgl
Ulrmfh Urlofgstruot mfg Ofgstruot mfg Fplratmfg M Fplratmfg MM
]lars 1=20‟1==5 1==1‟055? 0558‟0515 0511‟051?
_furol> Autbfrs” agaiysms; Jmgmstry fc Iagh, Mgcrastruoturl, Xragspfrt agh Xfurmsj.
Xbl hmrlot oaiouiatmfg fc glt hmcclrlgols aorfss tmjl agh drfups fc prlcloturls bliplh usf`tamg lstmjatls wmtb ag lyl fg tbl tmjl-mgvarmagt rldmfg-splomcmo lcclots uslh tf prfxy tblmhmfsygoratmo claturls fc a rldmfg prfollhmgd crfj bmstfrmoai agh sfomai hlvlifpjlgt as wliias ylar-splomcmo lcclots oapturmgd tbl lcclot fc obagdls mg ildmsiatmfg fr fvlraii `usmglssoimjatl.
At tbl sajl tmjl, obagdls mg tax rlvlgul hygajmos jmdbt `l oauslh `y a wmhl ragdl fcftblr caotfrs `lsmhls tbl acfrljlgtmfglh lcclots agh prfvmsmfg fc tbl bmdb-spllh rami-imgl. Mcwl hf gft aoofugt cfr tbl pfssm`mimty fc pfsmtmvl lcclots rlsuitmgd crfj ftblr lvfivmgd caotfrs,fur lstmjatls jmdbt `l hfwgwarh fr upwarh `maslh `y gldatmvl fr pfsmtmvl lcclots mghuolh`y ftblr caotfrs. Xbms obaiilgdl mg lstmjatmfg ms aisf jlgtmfglh mg prfdraj lvaiuatmfgimtlraturl as ag lxtlrgai vaimhmty prf`ilj (@aglrnll agh Hucif 055=, Pavaiimfg 055=, aghPfhrmk 0552).
Xf ahhrlss tbms mssul, wl gllh tf aokgfwilhdl tbl caotfr mgputs, wbmob jmdbt acclot tblplrcfrjagol fc tax rlvlgul mg tbl prlcloturl agh ofgtrfi cfr tmjl-varymgd ofvarmatls.
Mgofrpfratmgd tbl guj`lr fc taxpaylrs mg tbl lstmjatmfg crajlwfrk agh f`tamgmgd a imglarprfnlotmfg fc tbl tax rlvlguls fgtf guj`lr fc taxpaylrs, aoofugtmgd cfr tmjl-mgvarmagtrldmfg-splomcmo lcclots agh ylar-splomcmo lcclots prfvmhl us wmtb tbl cfiifwmgd hlcmgmtmfgs fcacclotlh drfups agh gfg-acclotlh drfups fc prlcloturls>
Acclotlh drfup, Xd:A
t:5 (`lcfrl sbmgkagslg)> ∃5 : 5 + 5 + 5‰+ 5 (1)
t:1 (actlr sbmgkagslg)> ∃1 : 1 + 1 + 1‰+ 1 + + 1 (0)
Gfg-acclotlh drfup, Xd:G
t:5 (`lcfrl sbmgkagslg)> ∃5 : 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 (?)
t:1 (actlr sbmgkagslg)> ∃ 1 : 1 + 1 + 1 +1 + 1 (8)
Xbms rldrlssmfg crajlwfrk jakls mt pfssm`il tf ofgtrfi cfr tbl a`fvl-jlgtmfglh ofvarmatlsagh dlt a ilss `maslh lstmjatl fc tbl hmcclrlgol-mg-hmcclrlgol oflccmomlgt fc mgtlrlst.Lquatmfgs (1) tf (8) prfvmhl us wmtb tbl `aslimgl lstmjatmfg stratldy fc tbl hmcclrlgol-mg-hmcclrlgol splomcmoatmfg>
∃Xmt :α +σt +R‰mt ∔ΰ+θ ∔ Hdt + ϼ mt (
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr (m) aoofugt cfr splomcmo obaraotlrmstmos fc tbl rldmfgs suob as ifoatmfg fr guj`lr fc
lgtlrprmsls, jatobmgd tbl prlcloturls wmtb tbl oifslst guj`lr fc lgtlrprmsls mg tblprlofgstruotmfg plrmfh mg tbms asplot; agh (mm) aotuaiiy cfous fg tbl hlplghlgt varma`il aghcmgh tbl oifslst jatob crfj tbl prl-bmdb-spllh rami-imgl plrmfh `y f`slrvmgd tbl avlradlplrcfrjagol fc prlcloturls mg acclotlh drfups agh gfg-acclotlh drfups.
Mg tbl glxt stadl, wl iffklh at tbl jmgmjuj hmstagol mg ugmt jlasurljlgt crfj wbmob wlobfsl ag mgstrujlgt. Mg tbms asplot, tblrl arl tbrll fptmfgs> tbl Jabaiagf`ms hmstagol, tblmgvlrsl varmagol, fr tbl Luoimhmag hmstagol. Mg tbl sofpl fc tbms stuhy, wl uslh Luoimhmaghmstagol as tbl hmstagol jltrmo tf cmgh tbl oifslst jatob fr glarlst glmdb`fr cfr fur acclotlhprlcloturls mg tbl prl-bmdb-spllh rami-imgl plrmfh.
@y cmghmgd tbl jmgmjuj hmstagol `ltwllg tbl jlag tax rlvlgul ajfugt agh stagharh
hlvmatmfg hurmgd tbl prl-bmdb-spllh rami imgl fc 1=20‟1==5, wl oag hltlrjmgl tbl oifslstofugtlrpart fc tbl acclotlh prlcloturl, fr mg ftblr wfrhs, wl oag cmgh tbl ’glarlst glmdb`fr‚fc tbl acclotlh prlcloturl. Xblsl drfups fc glarlst glmdb`frs prfvmhl a ugmqul hataslt cfrofgstruotmgd tbl ofugtlrcaotuai solgarmf mg tbl a`slgol fc trlatjlgt mg tbl cfrj fc tblKyusbu bmdb-spllh rami imgl. Mg tbl sofpl fc tbms stuhy, wl prlslgt lstmjatmfg rlsuits cfr tbloasl fc glarlst glmdb`frs oaiouiatlh `y jmgmjuj hmstagol `ltwllg tbl jlag vaiul fc taxrlvlguls mg tbl prl-sbmgkagslg plrmfh fc 1=20‟1==5. Xa`il ? imsts tbl glarlst glmdb`frs cfrtbl drfups fc acclotlh prlcloturls `aslh fg tbl jmgmjuj hmstagol fg jlag vaiul.
1 Xbms apprfaob rlqumrls ag assujptmfg fc a ofjjfg tmjl patb fr paraiili trlghs, aoolptmgd tbl autfgfjfus
ratl fc drfwtb tf `l lquai mg `ftb acclotlh agh gfg-acclotlh drfups.
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Ac clotlh Urlcloturls agh tblmr Ofrrlspfghmgd Glarlst Glmdb`frs`y Jmgmjuj Luoimhmag Hmstagol `ltwllg Jlag Saiul fc Xftai Xax Plvlguls
cfr tbl Url-Bmdb-_pllh Pami Imgl, 1=20‟1==1(¥ jmiimfg)
Urlcloturl
Jlag Xax
Plvlgul
_tagharh
Hlvmatmfg Urlcloturl
Jlag Xax
Plvlgul
_tagharh
Hlvmatmfg1. Kadfsbmja 058,152 1?,4
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Hmcclrlgol-mg-Hmcclrlgol Lstmjatmfg Plsuitswmtb Futofjl Sarma`il fc Xftai Xax Plvlgul
(lxoiuhmgd f`slrvatmfgs cfr Xfkyf, Amobm, Kagadawa,agh Fsaka prlcloturls crfj tbl ofgtrfi drfup)
_oail fc Cfous Ac clotlh Drfup
fc Urlcloturls
Ofgstruotmfg
Ulrmfh(1==1‟055?)
Fplratmfg
Ubasl 1(0558‟0515)
Fplratmfg
Ubasl 0(0511‟051?)
_pmiifvlr Lcclot `yPldmfg
Xrlatjlgt Drfup 1 ==,=8=*** 35,228*** 132,
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Hmcclrlgol-mg-Hmcclrlgol Lstmjatmfg Plsuitswmtb Futofjl Sarma`il fc Ofrpfratl Mgofjl Xax Plvlgul
_oail fc Cfous Ac clotlh Drfup
fc Urlcloturls
OfgstruotmfgUlrmfh
(1==1‟055?)
FplratmfgUbasl 1
(0558‟0515)
FplratmfgUbasl 0
(0511‟051?)
_pmiifvlr Lcclot `yPldmfg
Xrlatjlgt Drfup 1 11,=83*** ‟3,002** 43,013[4.4Z [‟0.18Z [1.3
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr hfls tblrlsuitmgd gldatmvl glt hmcclrlgol mg plrsfgai agh ofrpfratl mgofjl tax hurmgd fplratmfgpbasl 1 jlag tbat mgofjl fc bfuslbfihs agh cmrjs hlorlaslh actlr tbl mgtrfhuotmfg fc tblbmdb-spllh rami imgl6 Mc gft, wbat arl tbl pfssm`il oausls cfr tbl hlorlasl mg tax rlvlgulajfugt mg ofjparmsfg wmtb tbl ofugtlrcaotuai solgarmf wmtbfut tbl mgtrfhuotmfg fc tblKyusbu bmdb-spllh rami imgl6
Hlspmtl tbl gldatmvl oflccmomlgts fc tbl hmcclrlgol-mg-hmcclrlgol cfr plrsfgai mgofjl tax aghofrpfratl mgofjl tax, tbly arl gft lgfudb tf jakl ifdmoai hlhuotmfgs a`fut tbl statls fcplrsfgai agh ofrpfratl mgofjl ajfugt. Tl gllh tf takl mgtf aoofugt tbl lxmstlgol fctbrlsbfihs cfr prfdrlssmvl taxatmfg fr su`stagtmai obagdls mg tax rlvlgul (Xa`il 3). Mg ftblrwfrhs, tblrl ms a pfssm`mimty tbat plrsfgai mgofjl agh ofrpfratl mgofjl wlrl gft burt mg tblrldmfg `loausl fc tbl mgtrfhuotmfg fc a glw jfhl fc tragspfrtatmfg. Fg tbl ofgtrary, mgofjl
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Xax @urhlg fg Ofrpfratl Mgofjl
Xaxa`il Mgofjl @raoklts\p tf ¥8 jmiim fg
(%) ¥8 jm ii mfg
tf ¥2 jmiimfg (%) Fvlr
¥2 jm ii mfg (%)
Ofrpfratl tax
Ifoai ofrpfratl tax
Ofrpfratl mgba`mtagt taxls
1. Urlcloturai
0. Jugmompai
Lgtlrprmsl tax
_plomai ifoai ofrpfratl tax
1
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Hmcclrlgol-mg-Hmcclrlgol Lstmjatmfg Plsuitswmtb Futofjl Sarma`il fc Ofrpfratl Mgofjl
_oail fc Cfous Ac clo tlh Drfup
fc Urlcloturls
OfgstruotmfgUlrmfh
(1==1‟055?)
FplratmfgUbasl 1
(0558‟0515)
FplratmfgUbasl 0
(0511‟051?)
_pmiifvlr Lcclot `yPldmfg
Xrlatjlgt Drfup 1 88,553* 00,8?< 145,8
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Hmcclrlgol-mg-Hmcclrlgol Lstmjatmfg Plsuitswmtb Futofjl Sarma`il fc Ofrpfratl Mgofjl
_oail fc Cfous Ac clotlh Drfup
fc Urlcloturls
FplratmfgUbasl 0(0511)
FplratmfgUbasl 0(0510)
FplratmfgUbasl 0(051?)
_pmiifvlr Lcclot `yPldmfg
Xrlatjlgt Drfup 1 02
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr ]lariy Hmcclrlgol-mg-Hmcclrlgol Lstmjatmfg Plsuitswmtb Futofjl Sarma`il fc Xftai Xax Plvlgul(wmtb f`slrvatmfgs cfr Xfkyf, Amobm, Kagadawa,
agh Fsaka prlcloturls mgoiuhlh mg tbl ofgtrfi drfup)
_oail fc Cfous Ac clotlh Drfupfc Urlcloturls
FplratmfgUbasl 0(0511)
FplratmfgUbasl 0(0510)
FplratmfgUbasl 0(051?)
_pmiifvlr Lcclot `yPldmfg
Xrlatjlgt Drfup 1 032,388*** 045,03?*** 0
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Hmcclrlgol-mg-Hmcclrlgol Lstmjatmfg Plsuitswmtb Futofjl Sarma`il fc Ofrpfratl Mgofjl Xax Plvlgul
_oail fc Cfous Ac clotlh Drfup
fc Urlcloturls
FplratmfgUbasl 0(0511)
FplratmfgUbasl 0(0510)
FplratmfgUbasl 0(051?)
_pmiifvlr Lcclot `yPldmfg
Xrlatjlgt Drfup 1 =0,405** 2=,52?** 43,?5?*[0.5
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Hmcclrlgol-mg-Hmcclrlgol Lstmjatmfg Plsuits wmtb FutofjlSarma`il fc Xftai Xax Plvlgul \smgd Glarlst-Glmdb`fr Jatobmgd @aslh
fg tbl Luoimh mag Hmstagol `ltwllg Jlag Xax Plvlguls, 1=20‟1==5
_oail fc Cfous
Ac clotlh Drfup
fc Urlcloturls
OfgstruotmfgUlrmfh
(1==1‟055?)
FplratmfgUbasl 1
(0558‟0515)
FplratmfgUbasl 0
(0511‟051?)_pmiifvlr Lcclot `yPldmfg
Xrlatjlgt Drfup 1 151,10
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Hmcclrlgol-mg-Hmcclrlgol Lstmjatmfg Plsuits w mtb Futofjl Sarma`ilfc Ulrsfgai Mgofjl Xax Plvlgul \smgd Glarlst-Glmdb`fr Jatobmgd
@aslh fg tbl Luoimhmag Hmstagol `ltwllg Jlag Xax Plvlguls, 1=20‟1==5
_oail fc Cfous
Ac clotlh Drfup
fc Urlcloturls
OfgstruotmfgUlrmfh
(1==1‟055?)
FplratmfgUbasl 1
(0558‟0515)
FplratmfgUbasl 0
(0511‟051?)_pmiifvlr Lcclot `yPldmfg
Xrlatjlgt Drfup 1 04,200.=0 ‟05,1?=. Kadfsbmja, Kujajftf,Cukufka, Fmta, Jmyazakm; Drfup 8> Kadfsbmja, Kujajftf, Cukufka, Fmta, Jmyazakm, _ada, Gadasakm; Drfup Kadfsbmja,Kujajftf, Cukufka, ]ajaduobm, Bmrfsbmja, Fkayaja, Byfdf, Fsaka. X-vaiuls arl mg parlgtblsls. Xbl t-vaiul jlasurlsbfw jagy stagharh lrrfrs tbl oflccmomlgt ms away crfj zlrf.
* p9.1, ** p9.5 Autbfrs.
Bfwlvlr, tbl ofgglotmfg iatlr fc tbl Kyusbu bmdb-spllh rami imgl tf tbl _agyf bmdb-spllh ramiimgl mg 0511 rlsuitlh mg a pfsmtmvl glt hmcclrlgol mg plrsfgai mgofjl tax rlvlgul. Xbus, mg tbloasl fc spmiifvlr lcclots `y ahnaolgoy, glt hmcclrlgol ofgstmtutlh ¥?0 `miimfg agh ¥?4 `miimfgcfr Xrlatjlgt Drfup 8 agh Xrlatjlgt Drfup ?, rlsplotmvliy. Mg tbl cfrj fc spmiifvlr lcclots`y rldmfg, tbl glt hmcclrlgol was lquai tf ¥
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Hmcclrlgol-mg-Hmcclrlgol Lstmjatmfg Plsuits w mtb Futofjl Sarma`ilfc Ofrpfratl Mgofjl Xax Plvlgul \smgd Glarlst-Glmdb`fr Jatobmgd @aslh
fg tbl Luoimh mag Hmstagol `ltwllg Jlag Xax Plvlguls, 1=20‟1==5
_oail fc Cfous
Ac clotlh Drfup
fc Urlcloturls
OfgstruotmfgUlrmfh
(1==1‟055?)
FplratmfgUbasl 1
(0558‟0515)
FplratmfgUbasl 0
(0511‟051?)_pmiifvlr Lcclot `yPldmfg
Xrlatjlgt Drfup 1 10,1?0.??*** ‟3,0=0.41* 3,30=.5<
[18.53Z [‟0.41Z [0.58Z
Guj`lr fc F`slrvatmfgs 22 32
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr 058‟085. Olgtlr cfr LofgfjmoMgtldratmfg, _lnfgd \gmvlrsmty.
Arsiagaip, _., C. @argbarst, _. Dupta, agh L. _zl. 0515. Uu`imo oapmtai agh drfwtb.Mgtlrgatmfgai Jfgltary Cugh Tfrkmgd Uaplr Gf. 14 MgtlrgatmfgaiJfgltary Cugh.
Asobaulr, H. 1=2=. Ms pu`imo oapmtai prfhuotmvl6. Nfurgai fc Jfgltary Lofgfjmos 0?(0)> 144‟ 055.
@aglrnll, A. agh L. Hucif. 055=. Xbl Lxplrmjlgtai Apprfaob tf Hlvlifpjlgt Lofgfjmos. Agguai Plvmlw fc Lofgfjmos 1> 1 Ag ljpmrmoai asslssjlgt. Mgtlrgatmfgai Plvmlw fc AppimlhLofgfjmos 05> 1 08=‟04 Gfrtb-Bfiiagh. ?2= 111‟103.
Lvlralrt, D. 055?. @aiagolh drfwtb agh pu`imo oapmtai> Ag ljpmrmoai agaiysms wmtb M(0) trlghsmg oapmtai stfok hata. Lofgfjmo Jfhliimgd 05> 481‟43?.
Ca`lr, @. 0518. Xrahl mgtldratmfg, jarklt smzl agh mghustrmaimzatmfg> Lvmhlgol crfj Obmga”s
gatmfgai trugk bmdbway systlj. Plvmlw fc Lofgfjmo _tuhmls 21> 1583‟1545.*
Dfgzailz-Gavarrf, J. agh O. Qumgtaga-Hfjlqul. 0515. _trllt pavljlgt> Plsuits crfj ag
mgcrastruoturl lxplrmjlgt mg Jlxmof. Tfrkmgd Uaplrs 1084. Urmgoltfg \gmvlrsmty,Hlpartjlgt fc Lofgfjmos, Mghustrmai Pliatmfgs _lotmfg.
Barjatuok, H. 1==3. Xbl mgciulgol fc tragspfrtatmfg mgcrastruoturl fg lofgfjmo hlvlifpjlgt.Ifdmstmos agh Xragspfrtatmfg Plvmlw. ?0(1)> 43‟=0.
Baylk, C. 1=84/0554. Xbl Uurl Xblfry fc Oapmtai. Sfi. 10 fc tbl Ofiilotlh Tfrks. Obmoadf>\gmvlrsmty fc Obmoadf Urlss.
Buitlg, O. agh P. _obwa`. 1==1. Uu`imo oapmtai cfrjatmfg agh tbl drfwtb fc rldmfgaijagucaoturmgd mghustrmls. Gatmfgai Xax Nfurgai 38(8)> 101‟1?8.
Napag Lxtlrgai Xrahl Frdagmzatmfg. bttps>//www.nltrf.df.np/lg/mgvlst/slttmgdVup/iaws/
* Xbl Asmag Hlvlifpjlgt @agk rlclrs tf Obmga `y tbl gajl Ulfpil”s Plpu`imo fc Obmga.
8/16/2019 Impact of Infrastructure Investment on Tax: Estimating Spillover Effects of the Kyushu High-Speed Rail Line in Japa…
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AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr //www.ntlro.fr.np/lgdimsb/kfkusam/ofgclrlgols/phc/1?5011-jimt-prlslgtatmfg.phc
Jfrlgf, P., L. Iÿplz-@azf, agh J. Artês. 055?. Fg tbl lcclotmvlglss fc prmvatl agh pu`imooapmtai. Appimlh Lofgfjmos ? 404‟485.
Gatmfgai Xax Adlgoy fc Napag. bttps>//www.gta.df.np/
Ulrlmra, A. agh N. Aghraz. 055?. Fg tbl mjpaot fc pu`imo mgvlstjlgt fg tbl plrcfrjagol fc\_ mghustrmls. Uu`imo Cmgagol Plvmlw ?1(1)> 33‟=5.
‘‘‘. 055 144‟1=3.
‘‘‘. 0515. Fg tbl lofgfjmo agh ̀ uhdltary lcclots fc mgvlstjlgts mg _outs ‟ tblUfrtudulsl tfii crll bmdbways. Xbl Aggais fc Pldmfgai _omlgol Cl`ruary 0510 82(1)>?01‟??2.
‘‘‘. 051?. Fg tbl Lofgfjmo Lcclots fc Uu`imo Mgcrastruoturl Mgvlstjlgt> A _urvly fc tblMgtlrgatmfgai Lvmhlgol. Nfurgai fc Lofgfjmo Hlvlifpjlgt ?2(8)> 1‟?4. Obugd-Agd
\gmvlrsmty, Hlpartjlgt fc Lofgfjmos.
Ulrlmra, A. agh F. Pfoa-_adails. 0554. Uu`imo Mgcrastruoturls agh Pldmfgai Asyjjltrmls mg_pamg. Plvul h”Lofgfjml Pldmfgail lt \r`amgl ?> ?‟1=.
]fsbmgf, G. agh \. A`mhbahnalv. 051Xbl Oasl fc tbl Pamiway Ofgglotmfg mg \z`lkmstag. AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr Asmag Hlvlifpjlgt @agk Mgstmtutl. Avamia`il>bttp>//www.ah`.frd/pu`imoatmfgs/mjpaotlvaiuatmfg-mgvlstjlgt-mgcrastruoturl-oasl-ramiway-ofgglotmfg-uz`lkmstag
]fsbmgf, G. agh S. Ufgtmgls. 051 Oasl fc tbl_XAP Bmdbway mg tbl Ubmimppmgls. AH@M Tfrkmgd Uaplr AsmagHlvlifpjlgt @agk Mgstmtutl. Avamia`il> bttp>//www.ah`.frd/pu`imoatmfgs/bmdbway-lcclot-pu`imo-cmgagoloasl-star-bmdbway-pbmimppmgls/