HYDROGEN

Yudha satria2011

Introduction..

• Hydrogen is most abundant element in luminous universe

• It rarely found in earth as H2

• Largest reservoar of hydrogen in the world• Hydrogen as renewable energy with very good

prospect• Producing the Hydrogen

Hydrogen isotopes..

HydrogenDeuterium : known as heavy water if bounding with O Tritium : radioactive matter

Physical Properties..

• Second lowest boiling point (-272.78 C)• Density ; 0.08375 kg/m3

• Specific volume : 11.940 m3/kg• Follow the ideal gas law behavior• At high pressure, its behaviour added by

compressibility factor,measured directly• It can diffuse through material

Chemical property..

• It can reacting with almost all organic or chemical elements..

Fuel property..

• Burns with air and form H2O• HHV : 285.83 kj/mol• LHV : 241.82 kj/mol• Lowest energy density

Compared with another fuel..

• Methane has >3 times energy content than hydrogen..

• Gasoline has >3000x energy density than Hydrogen..

• That’s why we don’t burn H2 as fuel..

Fuel cell..

• What is fuel cell..?

Why fuel cell..

• Maximum eficiency 83%• Rest 17% is heat generated• Gasoline engine had efficiency 18-38%• Turbine engine had efficiency 40%

Fuel Cell Vehicles..

• Operate two times more efficiency (fuel tank to wheel) than most efficient gasoline cars..

• Analyzed as :7kg Hydrogen Compressed 35 Mpa can travel 700kmequal with 300 l gas tankequal with 70 l gasoline tank

Traditional hydrogen application..

• Worlds consumption 50 million tonnes/yr• Ammonia production• Petroleum industry

hydrodesulfurization, hydrocracking

Apllication hydrogen in vehicle..

• The chicken-or-egg problem..• Efficiency comparison between hydrogen

power to nuclear power..

Target improvement of fuel cell..

Where the positions of Indonesia..?

• Past• Now• Future

Hydrogen Production..

• Chemical reforming

• Electrolysis• Thermochemical

process

Chemical reforming..

Chemical reforming..

• Almost always implies steam, so commonly called steam Reforming

• Basically, consisit of two steps, high temperature and low temperature

• At each steps difference based of catalyst• Low temperature steps, almost used to

increase yield and efficiency• Then, separated until 99.98% pure hydrogen

Steam reforming..

Electrolysis..

• Splitting Hydrogen and Oxygen with electricity power

• It’s produced 99.99% pure Hydrogen• Conventional electolyzer (AWE)• Polymer electrolyte Membrane (PEM)• Solid Electrolyzer (SOE)

Hydrolysis..

How PEM and SOE works..

Thermochemical Process..

• Thermal decomposition, namely thermolysis• Started with heating pure water,reaction start

2000C and finished 5000C• Thermochemical : using cyclic chemical

reaction, employs reacting chemicals• Can reduce the temperature• Potential to hybridize with nuclear reactor

Thermochemical Hydrogen Process..

Conclusion..

• Hydrogen is very potential future energy• Hydrogen can produced more clean and more

efficient now• Nuclear grown and Hydrogen producing can

move side by side• Study hard and never ending trial and error

make this happen

Thankyou..

Waiting for the next season :

Hydrogen Production(detailed)